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Milgram’s Experiment on Obedience.

Milgram’s famous experiment on obedience.

Volunteers were sampled for a lab experiment to investigate “learning” (re: ethics: deception).  Participants comprised 40 males who were aged between 20 and 50 years, and whose work ranged from unskilled to professional. Participants were paid $4.50 for just appearing.At the start of the experiment, they were introduced to another participant, who happened to be a confederate of Milgram, the experimenter. They picked straws to determine their roles as either learner or teacher – despite that this was fixed and the confederate was in all instances the learner. There was also an “experimenter” who was dressed in a gray lab coat,  and who also played by an actor who was not Milgram. Two rooms in the lab were used – one for the learner who had an electric chair and another room for the teacher together with the experimenter who also had an electric shock generator.

The “learner” (known as Mr. Wallace) was secured to a chair with electrodes. Having learned a list of word pairs provided to him to learn, the “teacher” tested him by naming not only a word but also him to recall its partner/pair from a list containing four possible choices. Meanwhile, the teacher was told to administer an electric shock each time the learner makes a mistake. The level of shock was increased each time. On the shock generator were 30 switches marked from 15 volts (suggesting slight shock) to 450 (dangerous – severe shock).

Purposely, the learner provided answers which were mainly incorrect, and for every incorrect answer, the teacher had to shock him. When the teacher failed to shock him, the experimenter had to provide a sequence of orders/prods to make sure they continued. Four prods were provided and if was failure to obey even one, Mr. Williams,  the experimenter, had to read out the subsequent prod. Such as Prod 1: Please continue. Prod 2: The experiment demand that you to continue. Prod 3: It is absolutely important that you continue. Prod 4: You have no other alternative but to continue

Results. 65% (two-thirds) of participants (i.e., teachers) continued to the highest level of 450 volts. All the participants continued to 300 volts. Milgram did more than one experiment – he carried out 18 variations of his study.  All he did was alter the situation (IV) to see how this affected obedience (DV).

Motivation Theories

Discussion of Motivational Theories

  • Definition of motivation
  • Motives
  • Biological Approaches to Motivation
  • Behavioral and Social-Cognitive Theories of Motivation
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Psychological Disorders (Capstone Project) – Choose any psychological disorder

Final Paper Instructions

You are being asked to complete a comprehensive literature review on a mental health disorder. Below you will find a detailed description of the various areas you will need to complete in your final paper. The final product should be a 20 to 25-page paper that follows all APA guidelines for writing an academic literature review. This includes an APA title page, proper internal citations and a proper reference page. You should also include a proper abstract that describes the overall content of your paper. Also, please keep in mind the proper use of grammar and spelling as this will also contribute to your grade. This is an academic writing so it should be written in third person voice, in other words no use of “I” in the paper. It should be double spaced in a 10 or 12 point font such as Times New Roman.

You have the length of the course, six weeks, to complete the final product. During the course of the course if you would like to hand in a rough draft of your paper for feedback from your professor you may do so in week 4.  However, this is not an opportunity for you to have your professor proofread the paper for you. If you choose to hand in a full or partial rough draft, it will be for feedback on content but you should submit a well written rough draft for review as detailed feedback about mechanics will not necessarily be provided. There are no points associated with turning in the rough draft. If you choose to do this you can do this through email to your professor but again you do not have to submit a rough draft if you do not wish to.

If at any time during the course of completing this paper you have questions do not hesitate to contact your professor. The total points for this paper is 350 points and each section is broken down into how much it is worth in the description below.

Content of the Paper:

  1. Description of the Disorder (50 points)
    1. Consult the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition and provide a description of your chosen mental health disorder as well as the diagnostic criteria used to make this diagnosis.
    2. Also consider how the disorder presents differently in children/adolescents versus adults. Are there differences in the diagnostic criteria based on age, if so what are they?
    3. Aside from just using the diagnostic criteria what else is used to determine if an individual is experiencing this disorder? In other words, are there certain psychological tests that are used to assist in diagnosing the disorder? If so, provide the names and a brief description of at least two of these types of measures.
  1. Psychological Theories to explain the disorder (50 points)
    1. You are to find two major psychological theories that provide an explanation for how your chosen disorder develops. You should explain the basic premise of each theory and then provide a more detailed description of how this theory explains the development of this disorder. Once you do this for each theory you should then compare and contrast the two theories.
  1. Biological Basis of Disorder (40 points)
    1. You are to identify and explain the biological or biopsychological basis for this disorder. More specifically, what is the brain basis of the disorder? What do we know about the parts of the brain that are involved or impacted by this disorder?
  1. Treatment (50 points)
    1. Identify an empirically supported treatment for individuals with this disorder. Identify the basis of the treatment and briefly explain how the treatment is conducted.
    2. Provide evidence for the efficacy of the treatment for this disorder. What does the research say about success rates of treating individuals with this type of disorder with this form of therapy?
  1. Multicultural Issues (30 points)
    1. How does this disorder present differently or how is it treated differently based on multicultural issues? What does the research literature say about how multicultural issues (for example, gender, race, military status, age etc.) affect the course or treatment of the disorder? Please identify at least two research studies that have looked at two different multicultural issues.
  1. Ethical/Legal issues (30 points)
    1. What is at least one ethical or legal issue that may have to be considered when working with individuals with this type of disorder? Identify what the issue is and explain how or why it applies to this disorder. Then describe how the research literature suggests this issue should be addressed.
  1. Future Research (30 points)
    1. What is being examined as future treatment options for individuals with this disorder? Alternatively, what does the literature say we still need to work on to understand about the disorder, in other words where is the current research focused and where is it headed?
  1. Summary (20 points)
    1. Provide a through conclusion/summary to your paper.
  1. APA Style (25 points)
    1. Has provided proper title page, internal citations, abstract, and reference page. Has followed all APA guidelines for a research paper.
  2. Grammar/Structure (25 points)
    1. Has used proper spelling and grammar throughout the paper. Has written the article in third person voice. Has followed proper guidelines for academic writing (does not use contractions etc).