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Networking for a Charity
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Peer-to-peer networks
The networking set up has improved with the latest versions of windows. Specifically, connecting the computers correctly prompts windows to set up the appropriate settings automatically. Windows 7 enables a user to ‘save’ a wireless connection for automatic connection when the computer comes close to the network. For that to happen, first, each computer has to have a network interface card (NIC), for example USB network adapter, internal network adapter, a network PC card, and a mother-board based network chip. An external router is also needed. The user must activate DHCP (Dynamic Host Control protocol) on the router. The DHCP automatically assigns different/unique IP addresses to the computers connected to the network. The network cable should run from the NIC to the router ports. In case of a high-speed modem, the user can run a network cable from the WAN port in the router and into the modem’s network port. This process ensures that all the six computers can share internet connection. In addition, all commuters must have unique names and use the same workgroup name.
Internet, files, and devices sharing in a network
Sharing of devices such as printers in many workplaces brings convenience and cost efficiency. Sharing printers in a network involves connecting it to the host computer. The host computer then ‘shares’ the printer to all the network computers by allowing them to print over a LAN or internet connection. The main limitation of sharing printers using a host computer is that it must be on if any computer is to use the printer. If the user wants to print using a different computer on the same network, then they must have a network setup and a printer installed on the host computer. In addition to printers, networks can also share files such as documents, photos, and music among others. Joining a home group is the easiest way that one can use to share pictures, videos, music, documents, and printers as well. When joining a home group, a user has to instruct windows on which libraries and folders to share. A user can protect the home group settings using a password, which is changeable at any time. The ‘share with’ menu is the simplest way to share things, but a public folder offers another option.
Network security
Not many people have addressed the security issues with P2P networks. The problem comes with the requirement to provide anonymity for the users of P2P networks and the increasing need of providing data integrity, confidentiality, accountability, authentication, non-repudiation, and robust access control. Other problems affecting P2P networks include pseudospoofing attacks whereby malicious parties claim multiple identities, thus causing fundamental security threats. For example, the e-bay system reputation, which is a P2P system constantly, finds itself under pseudospoofing attacks (Damiani, 2002). The security of P2P networks becomes worse with the lack of centralized authority to vouch for security parameters or identities. However, features of the TCG specifications can be used to improve the network security. Specifically, using TGC protocols for DAA (Direct Anonymous Attestation) enforces the use of a stable platform-dependent pseudonyms and consequently reducing pseudospoofing in P2P networks.
Users can use runs of DAA protocols to build entity authentication at the level of pseudonyms and safely link it to secure channels using known end points. Many security services in networks rely on the user to establish stable identities (Rivest, 2005).
Hardware recommendations
A network enables computers to share resources between/among them. The computers to use in a network have to meet certain standards that are compatible to the operating system in use. There are many hardware components needed to create a network involve. A keyboard and a mouse are essential as they perform routine operations in a computer. There are wired and wireless versions of keyboards and mice. A monitor displays what the user is doing on the keyboard and mouse. A VGA cable connects the computer with the monitor. Printers are also important for the printing needs of the users in the networks.
Many printers are wireless although wired ones are also available at a lower price. Networks cables (comes in different colors such as yellow, red, and blue) connect many computers together. All these hardware devices are available at general stores, computer stores, or web stores over the internet. Computers are connected together using the serial ports. However, connecting many computers together needs one to use a central ‘object’ that connects all computers and other devices. This ‘object’ then distributes or manages the network traffic. Most users use a hub, router, or the switch as the ‘object’ at the center of a network.
The network also requires one to have network cards, which can be internal, external, or wireless. The network cards (NIC) connects a computer to the exterior. Most computers from big companies come with tested and ready network cards. The last party involved in a network is an ISP (Internet Service provider). This company connects the network and the internet. These involve local telephone companies and local TV cable companies. In addition, a firewall is needed to protect the network from potential intruders. Types of firewalls include software and hardware firewalls.
References
Damiani, E. (2002). A Reputation-based Approach for Choosing Reliable Resources in Peer-to-Peer Networks. In V. Atluri, editor, Proceeding s of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 207-216. ACM Press
Rivest. R. (2006). SDSI: A Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure, Revised. Presented at CRYPTO’96 Rumpssession.
Economy and Colonialism
Economy and Colonialism
To anthropologists, capitalism is viewed as an activity that is entitled to take a significant time for it to develop fully. A good example is the beginning and the development of agriculture. Basing it to American heritage dictionary, capitalism is economic system with freedom in marketing and a significant increase in private and corporate ownership (Pandian, J & Parman, S, 2004, p. 18). On contrary, the economists examine it in detailed manner, entailing its merits and the demerits, busts and booms and possible prosperity and poverty.
Capitalism dates backs in 15th century and had fear promises as the food production levels were just stagnant. By this I mean that, it would not cater for the population within a given locality. This emerged as a result of limited food resources in large part of European countries. Capitalism level rose when the production of tomatoes, potatoes and grain intensified in North America. On other hand was the proliferation of the gold and silver from Aztec and trafficking of African slaves leading to acceleration of trade.
Capitalism is perceived as a stable system both internally and externally in that it demands a lot of flexibility and innovation for any form of survival. In a broader way, competition in this system has more advantages as every participant tries to master the art of trade (Pandian, J & Parman, S, 2004, p.68).
However, capitalism generates some demerits though induction of rules that limits the degree of diversity and levels of competition. These imbalances become barriers to proper flow in this system (Ortner, S, 2008, p.124). Anthropologist by the name Wright explains why it seemed to be difficult in implementing the anticipated economic growth through capitalism. In an interview, he asserts that the change of mind remained to be the only hindrance in realizing this dream. Lack of dialogue led to amnesia thus leading to unsustainability in its achievement of this system (Croucher & SpringerLink, 2011, p.6).
References
Croucher, S. K., Weiss, L., & SpringerLink (Online service). (2011). The archaeology of capitalism in colonial contexts: Postcolonial historical archaeologies. New York: Springer
Pandian, J., & Parman, S. (2004). The making of anthropology: The semiotics of self and other in the Western tradition. New Delhi: Vedams
Ortner, S. B. (2008). Anthropology and social theory: Culture, power, and the acting subject. Durham: Duke University Press
Hume on Religion
Hume on Religion
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David Hume, a renown philosopher makes an incredible analysis and digest of who he believed God to be and the general role of religion. The philosopher discusses that religion as the basis to mankind’s link to spirituality has been the fore that has shaped the thinking and actions of many people. In a closer analysis, Hume discusses the role, power, and nature of God in his superior and holy aspects. In addition, Hume assess how mankind has taken and applied religion in all spheres of life as well as the effects of overreliance on religion. Hume argues that mankind cannot determine the fate of nature but rather submits to the forces of religion and the unseen who is God to control the destiny and future of mankind. In this regard, Hume seeks to breakdown the relationship between mankind, God, and nature. The philosophy behind Hume’s arguments is based on his observations, life experiences, as well as the intellectual knowledge on matters of religion. This paper will discuss Hume’s analysis of religion by looking at his philosophies. The essay will break down the core views of Hume on how he perceived God and matters of religion from mankind’s perspective.
Hume holds the thought that religion as the mankind’s platform to reaching God has evolved and taken many paths. He observes that mankind’s actions have not always portrayed God in who he is but gone contrary to the natural law. In addition, Hume states that mankind has misused his place in God’s creation to abide to unknown forces and beliefs thus causing God to draw far from his creation. He also questions the extent to which mankind has gone to abide to the perceived ways and lost paths that are both dangerous and irritating to God. In addition, Hume corrects what he sees as lack of direction among people who even claim to know their supreme God (Graham, 2016). Hume is also concerned over the lack of direction when mankind is approaching God who is by far wise and ought to be respected and feared (Sieczkowski, 2018). Interestingly, Hume also questions why mankind ought to fear the same supreme God who they should call on in times of need. These observations by Hume seem to have evry diverse and yet contradicting direction that fails to abide by their true meaning. Hume appears to hold two beliefs and takes many sides when it comes to the matters of religion and mankind’s relationship with God.
Hume seen as a conservative and a rigid philosopher argues that God as the sole controller of the man’s fate cannot be advised or changed in his decisions. The philosopher bases his argument on the perceived nature and power of God who is also senas the supreme and wise being. According to Hume, there is only one way to define God and that is based on his goodness, power, and wisdom. Hume argues that God as the wise creator has everything lined up and in a perfect way where no man can alter the fate of his destiny (Graham, 2016). In his view of seeking God and worshiping, Hume is quick to claim that God deserves all the attention from mankind. He however discourages the misguided religious beliefs that have led many to belief in a different god. The value of Hume’s ideas is rooted in what he terms as man’s half-baked view of God that has continually derived a different religion altogether.
In his view, Hume acknowledges that man should work hard and still seek God as his guide and provider. The value of religion and relationship between God and man is well analyzed where Hume sums up that man is always reliant on God. He also claims that he does believe in miracles as they are a violation of natural law. In this regard, Hume argues that miracles have blinded many in religion to a point where they are unable to lay ground to what they can do and push their way. The arguments by Hume seems to point to a very concerning aspects of religion that defines man’s role and relationship with God. In his view, Hume argues that mankind as the central pillar of God’s creation has abandoned his role by taking on beliefs that are jot in line the core teachings (Sieczkowski, 2018). He also refers to the need for wisdom over strengths when dealing with matters of religion. The arguments raised by Hume are also tied to the value of religion in shaping man’s view and relationship with God that are supposed to be on holiness and purity.
Demea argues that although God clearly exists, we cannot know his nature, because God’s nature is beyond the capacity of human understanding. In his views, Demea argues that God as the powerful being is at the center of all creation and his relationship with man cannot be changed. He also adds that God is beyond human understanding as his powers and capacity is far more than human beings can understand. Still, Demea does not base his ideas on a single outlook but compares how mankind approaches God and thus draws these conclusions. Demea also looks at ethics, morals that are the basis upon which people’s behavior actions revolves. In his view, religion ought to shape and still the right virtual and moral sin a person thus guiding their behavior towards others and God. To elaborate on this, Demea stipulates that mankind as the image of God ought to reflect goodness, morals and wisdom in all his ways. To add on this, Demea appears to borrow from what he perceives as an extremely powerful God who is beyond human understanding and reach.
I support Hume’s views as he offers firm ideas and shows how religion being a strong pillar in humanity has been exploited and misused. I also support the fact that God is supreme and always a strong aspect in the entire creatin. I would agree with the ideas offered because they are well articulated within the philosophical values of religion. In conclusion, the views given by Hume are based on what he perceived as the place of religion in God’s-mankind relationship. In order to capture the right tone, Hume states the various aspects of religion that define what God prefers and how mankind has changed the core values of holiness and faith in God. Hume was very unpredictable in his views as he would often acknowledge God’s existence but still challenge some of the arguments about God’s existence.
Reference
Graham, G. (2016). Hume and Smith on Natural Religion. Philosophy, 91(2), 345-360.
Sieczkowski, T. (2018). David Hume and the Naturalness of Religion. Ruch Filozoficzny, 74(3), 75-88.