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“Psalm 23 Teaches People that The Lord is Their Shepard”
Alexandra Johnson
Sara Musgrove
ENGL 102
19 February 2018
“Psalm 23 Teaches People that The Lord is Their Shepard”
Introduction: The poem ‘Psalm 23” otherwise known as “The Lord is My Shepard” is a well-known Bible verse written by King David CITATION Kni17 l 1033 (Knight). This certain chapter in “Psalm,” it shows a great deal of humility and morality showing the audience as they read that the Lord is always there for us, and that he is their “Shepard” through life, leading them throughout the darkness and hard times CITATION Gen01 l 1033 (Psalm ). The setting shows symbolism of real world experiences that reflect how the narrator’s inner soul is feeling. The setting also helps the audience understand how the Lord (The Shepard) will be there if you have faith in him, and he will provide comfort those in need of guidance through dark times. “Psalm 23” teaches people the Lord is their Shepard through morality and humility, showing real world events that reflect how the inner soul feels, and through the books name in general CITATION Gen01 l 1033 (Psalm ).
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Format
The Setting is symbolic of what happens in the outside world reflects what happens in people’s inner soul
This poem is told from the point of view of sheep with the Shepard leading and telling the sheep what to do.
The sheep represents the people of earth
The Shepard represents the Lord
The poem takes place in the outside world
Everything that happens in the outside world is what the speaker feels in his soul.
This explains why the setting doesn’t seem realistic.
“Paths of Righteousness” CITATION Gen01 l 1033 (Psalm )‘The valley of the shadow of death” CITATION Gen01 l 1033 (Psalm )Death is a scary mountain casting a dark shadow on the speaker below.
The Title
In the language the book was originally written in (Ancient Greek), “Psalm” directly translates to “Praise Song” CITATION Dou10 l 1033 (Harper)Psalm is sometimes called “Hymns of Praise” CITATION Ale l 1033 (Varughese)Some say it probably doesn’t have a legit title other than “Psalm 23” But some like to call it ‘The Lord is my Shepard”
In John 1, God is called “The Good Shepard” CITATION Jud01 l 1033 (John).
Conclusion: Through prior knowledge of knowing what “Psalm” means and knowing what chapter 23 of Psalm is known as “The Lord is my Shepard”, the audience can conclude that this poem will be humble and show faith in the Lord. “Psalm 23” shows humility because the author was a king, and is speaking as a follower of Christ, rather than a leader who shows pride CITATION Gen01 l 1033 (Psalm ). This poem also shows morality in that if you have faith, and follow the Lord throughout your struggles, you can find comfort in him during those times of struggle. All these things show the audience how having faith that the “Lord is their Shepard” and if they follow him, they will find comfort in him.
Works Cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2010. Dictionary.com. February 2018.
“John.” The Holy Bible. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 2001. Book.
Knight, Kevin. King David. 2017. Encyclopedia. February 2018.
“Psalm .” The Holy Bible. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 2001.
Varughese, Alex. “Types and Original Uses of Psalms.” (n.d.). Pdf.
“Much Ado about Nothing”
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“Much Ado about Nothing”
The act of interpreting the world around us is a sensitive and involving issue that is significantly faced by up and downfalls regarding the human nature as well as individual’s perspective about life. William Shakespeare in his play “Much Ado about Nothing” has depicted deception and social disgrace as among of the major social realities that hinder betterment of the relationships in the society. Also, Shakespeare efficiently uses conflict in the attempt to convey through his characters that human nature has an ongoing conflict between the “self” and the “other.” In this romantic comedy, conflict is a critical element in conveying Shakespeare message of existentialism to the readers. The significant protagonists featured in the drama to bring out the counterfeiting human nature include Hero, Claudio, Beatrice, and Benedick. In his, work Shakespeare makes use of the social realities that are evident in the day to day life experience making his work exciting and significantly attracting the audience attention as well as willingness to read the play over again. In this paper, conflict is elaborated in a profound extent as a factor that portrays the human nature in the Shakespeare’s play in consideration of Claudio, Hero, and Beatrice as the central characters.
In the drama, many relationships between the characters are manipulated by others through emotions leading to significant effects. In the society with all kind of characters, social ferocity is inevitable, but the personal traits determine the influence incurred with regards to the social status. The author develops the characters put in consideration to be easily influenced into and out of love by the opinions of other people that are strictly related to them (Miller, page 21). The relationship between Claudio and Hero is an excellent example in that is easily manipulated by Don John into thinking Hero is an unroyal woman, which is far from the truth. However, Hero stands her ground in front of the men and does not give into their harsh words. Beatrice is a character who stands apart from Shakespeare’s typical representation of women during these times. Beatrice is admirable because she shows that she is comfortable in her skin and is not afraid to show her strength. Putting into consideration the relationship between Hero and Claudio and the character Beatrice, one can conclude that Shakespeare is trying to display the conflict between the “self” and the “other” through the emotion of the characters.
In developing the plot of the play, Shakespeare has significantly applied conflict as a significant motif in expressing how relationships are influenced by other people. For instance, Hero is a victim of the social influence that leads to a painful betrayal in public as her marriage with Claudio as a result of Don John’s propaganda. In the comedy, the major conflict rises when Don John appears and creates false accusations that Hero is unfaithful to Claudio. Among the charge put into place against Hero is that she usually talk with a man through the window at the late night. It is disgusting to learn that Claudio and Don Pedro falls into the Don John’s trap and agrees with him that Hero was not royal and does not deserve being Claudio’s marriage partner. The act of the Claudio, Benedick and Don Pedro having a common perception that marriage is a trap to men so that they can be deceived and controlled composes the actual conflict all the “ado about nothing” brought out in the play. Regardless of their beliefs about marriage, these men have great desire to get married (Shakespeare, page 6).
The rising action in the comedy is developed by the act of Claudio falling in love with Hero at the first instance, and he is curtained that she is a woman of impressing character. Also, Don Pedro, Claudio, and Benedick express their nervousness and qualms about marriage through jokes and amusing manner. It is then that Don Pedro encourages Hero about marriage on behalf of Claudio and how it will turn to be for them living together as couples. Later, Don John creates an illusion that Hero is unroyal to Claudio and she does not deserve marriage due to her severe traits. It was not the case as Don John spread the demoralizing publicities in due to ego and jealousy. The climax of the drama comes when Claudio publicly rejects Hero at the altar and insults her in accusation of immoral conduct. Claudio is supported by Don Pedro and concludes not going forward with the marriage activity. Beatrice and Benedick remained on the Hero’s side as they vehemently insisted that she was innocent.
The falling action also regards Claudio and Hero’s relationship as Benedick puts Claudio in a challenge for libeling his lover Hero. In public, Leonato claims that Hero died of grief at the beginning of the false accusation. Dogberry significantly brings to light the innocence of Hero, and it is evident that she has been loyal to her lover Claudio. After that, Claudio and Don Pedro are found guilty of insulting Hero as well as supporting Don John’s evil deeds, and they end up repenting iniquities. The resolution of the drama is seen by the act of Claudio blindly marrying a masked lady whom he believed to have never met before. It signifies that Claudio has walked out of the worries about marriage as well as being controlled by a woman and that he was ready to get married (WORKER, page 15). It was dumbfounding to reveal that the masked woman was Hero and they ended up a couple regardless of the obstacles put ahead by Don John out of jealousy.
The character’s emotions shift throughout the novel when they let the opinion of others influence them. In the play, central characters Claudio and Hero experience “love at first sight” and plan to get married very soon, however things take a change for the worst, and the wedding is called off. These two characters cause much tension and comedy throughout the play. The character Claudio is a victim of his identity being changed due to manipulation by Don John. Claudio loves Hero dearly, however, his entire perspective of her changes considerably when he falls under the trick of Don John’s wicked ways. Claudio is tricked into thinking Hero is talking to a man at a late hour through her window. Claudio cannot seem to trust anyone in the affairs of love, even someone as trustworthy as Hero. This scene of the play shows that Claudio is a naïve and unforgiving person. It is cruel of Claudio not to trust what Hero is telling him and instead of forgiving her, he seeks vengeance. Don John stands out as the villain of the play by his constant attempts to make Hero look as though she is not loyal to Claudio. These false accusations against Hero cause a considerable stir of conflict within the relationships of the characters. The characters face conflict throughout the novel of their identity being taken unwillingly, however also willingly. Claudio is an example of his personality being taken involuntarily. Claudio is influenced into thinking the woman of his dreams is now someone he does not want anything to do with (Howard, page 174).
In “Much Ado about Nothing,” when conflict strikes, the genuine personalities of the characters begin to be shown. Once Hero is bombarded with the false accusations of being untrustworthy to Claudio, she begins to show her weakness. The hero does not do a good job at defending herself in front of the crowd. Hero displays her first sign of weakness when she asks if Claudio is okay, instead of defending herself and proving to him that she is innocent. When Claudio “witnesses” Hero not being devoted, he immediately becomes spiteful of her and changes his whole view on their love. Claudio is quick to believe the things Don John tells him. Claudio’s naivety and jealousy are seen by his reaction towards Don John accusation against Hero and make his decision without clear evidence as well as with no consideration of her lover’s feelings. Claudio beliefs towards marriage and women make others take control of his social well-being as he is manipulated according to according to others ideas. His act of quickly falling into the Don John’s trap signifies he is not firm with his decisions and not decisive.
Beatrice is one of the characters that Shakespeare portrays as firm, considerate, trustworthy, decisive and lenient. She all the time throughout the comedy remains steady with her decisions and is not changed by the male counterparts who seem to dominate the society. She is a kind of woman that fights for the rights of other female and stands to the point of ensuring that justice is done regardless of the unconducive forces from the surroundings. It is incredible to learn that she prefers to remain unmarried and continue with her authentic life as an independent woman than being subjected to the marriage jealousy and its patriarchal nature (Hopkins, page 293). Beatrice stands for cohesion in the community, and this is evident with her reaction of standing firm with her cousin, Hero after she was accused untrustworthy by Don John. She is illustrated as a woman who stands for change and improvement of women’s equality in the society.
From the above discussion, “Much Ado about Nothing” Shakespeare significantly reveals the human nature in the society and how they are affected by the counterfeiting forces surrounding them in their day to day life. It is an illumination of the things that an individual is likely to face in the growth process especially in the peak point of achieving success. It requires firm decisions and principles to be able to overcome natural forces as well as cope up with others influence that may be depriving. For instance, Claudio was easily deceived by Don John not to marry Hero all because of jealousy. In the play, Don John acts as the corrupt and immoral people in the society that work as a hindrance to others success for their social-economic and political beneficiaries. Other peoples’ influence in life is good but in the right and constructive way. Therefore, it is recommended to be cautious and first make a clear investigation of the people’s influence before going against self-will.
References
Hopkins, Justin B. “Much Ado About Nothing.” Shakespeare Bulletin 31.2 (2013): 292-297.
Howard, Jean E. “Renaissance antitheatricality and the politics of gender and rank in Much Ado About Nothing.” Shakespeare Reproduced. Routledge, 2013. 171-195.
Miller, Jacques-Alain. “Language: Much Ado About What?.” Lacan and the Subject of Language (2014): 21-35.
Shakespeare, William. Much ado about nothing. Vol. 29. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
WORKER, MIRACLE. “Much Ado About Nothing.” (2017).
How the Environment can become better through Plastic Recycling
How the Environment can become better through Plastic Recycling
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This paper seeks to give an analysis on the process of recycling plastic. Research has found out that recycling of plastic is better than making new plastic. Also, the environmental impact is positive. The environment should be the most vital consideration when recycling plastics. Consumers are fond of using plastic bottles and bags, which are often recycled. Measures should exist, to ensure that plastic is disposed of well. A lot needs to be done to ensure that the environment is taken care of well. Recycling and waste management are key aspects, which should be known (Lajeunesse, 2004).
Introduction
A polymer is the group where plastic originates from. Molecules, which are large in nature, are the ones that make up plastics. In other cases, plastic are formed when monomers, which are small molecules, are joined. Petroleum is also another source of plastic and undergoes polymerization to form the latter (Gerngross & Slater, 2000). Plastic obtained its name because it can take any form. It can exist as either soft or hard. Most materials, such as glass and metal, have replaced plastic as it is easily recycled.
This paper will analyze the importance or recycling plastics and its benefit to the environment.
Recycling
Polyethylene terephthalate often known as PET is the most common packaging in the United States. In the year 1970, it was introduced into the market in form of a bottle. People accepted it because of its many advantages, such as being shatter proof, economical, as well as light weight. Today, plastic is still as popular as before and are used for a variety of reasons. These are used for storage of mouth wash, salad dressing, liquor, spring water, among others (Gerngross & Slater, 2000). The symbol used to present the recycling of plastic bottles is ‘chasing arrows’. This was introduced in the year 1987 as a resin code for identification. It was established by the ‘Society of the Plastics Industry. # 1 is the resin code of identification used by the SPI. A lot of responsibility towards the environment has been demonstrated by the industry of plastic packaging (Gerngross & Slater, 2000). The latter has been taking place in the form of recycling. In the year 1976, St. Jude Polymers became the first company to engage in activities related to recycling of PET bottles. The recycled bottles were made into brittles for paint brushes and plastic bottles (Brown, 2003).
Most people associate recycling with being beneficial and friendly to the environment. There is no energy use and environmental impacts, which occur during the process of recycling. The most common examples of plastics, which are used by consumers, are plastic bottles and plastic bags. The argument, which exists, concerning recycling is that wildlife is threatened by existing plastic found in stream litter (Patel, 2003). Also, there is extreme visibility of plastic bags in most countries.
It is estimated that the number of plastic, which exists in the world, are over 50. Usually sorting of plastic occurs manually .This is because it is expensive to carry it out automatically. After sorting has occurred, two major processes have to be conducted. First, chemical recycling occurs and this means that the plastic is made to exist in its chemical form .Secondly, it is made to exist in another form after being melted. According to research, when plastic recycling occurs, carrier bag making becomes easy (Brown, 2003). In turn, the energy used is less by two thirds when compared to plastic, which has not been recycled. Also, the water used is low and pollution levels low as well. This means that recycling is better than making plastic, which is new. In almost all countries, bags used for grocery shopping are made of plastic. The reason is because they are extremely cheap, strong and convenient. Many owners of businesses and consumers use the plastic bags frequently. Consumers of plastic bags are not aware of what is involved when it comes to manufacturing issues (American Plastics Council, 2000).
The Recycling process
Many environmental problems are caused by plastics. Most landfills are packed with plastics and they often take spaces, which are extremely big. Plastics are not dangerous in an intrinsic manner because fossil fuel is their main constituent. This means that plastic is a resource, which is renewable. It is vital that recycling of plastics occurs. There are five main stages, which have to occur, when plastic is being recycled. The first stage involves collection of plastic and this can take place anywhere (American Plastics Council, 2000). Examples include; industries, which use plastic, during manufacture, recycle bins and even ones which are collected at the road side. The next stage involves sorting the different plastics manually. Impurities such as stones and nails are removed. Afterwards, the plastic is placed in three different sections. These include; other, HDPE and PET. Then third stage involves washing the plastic, which ensures that the plastic remains in its original form. During this stage, remnants, dirt and paper labels are removed. The final stage is known as pelleting whereby, melting of plastic occurs. This is meant to ensure that the plastic can be reused while in the form of pellets, which are small (American Plastics Council, 2000).
During the process of recycling, environmental damage is reduced. The latter does not occur because recycling of plastic makes use of resources, which are nonrenewable, as well engaging in excessive landfilling. Safety measures are used during this process and water is conserved. The usage of water is minimized, thus the reason why recycling of plastics should be encouraged. New plastic products production is adverse as compared to recycling (Stein, 2002).
PET recycling plastic as well as Industry Standards and Best Practices
There are many codes, which are used during PET recycling of plastics. This is normally in accordance to Local level, state and federal regulations. The latter varies in accordance to operations, which exists at the PET facility. Jurisdiction exists in matter relating to PET matters. Certifications and permits are required when operating in facilities meant for recycling (American Plastics Council, 2000). Often tests of submission are required and this is in accordance with the agencies for regulation. This means that the operator has a financial obligation, which should be met. The post of a compliance officer has been established to deal with such matters. A criminal penalty is enforced upon facilities, which do not follow the set regulations (Karliner, 1997).
Legislation is being passed in many countries to control the use of plastics. For example in Ireland, a consumption task based on plastic bags was introduced in the year 2002. In turn, consumption of plastic has reduced by around 90%. Consumers who choose to use plastic bags to carry out their shopping will pay 0.15$ more. As a result of this legislation, a lot of oil has been saved (Goodship, 2007). The latter is known to be around 18 million liters. Many countries have started to implement this law due to its many benefits. Companies are meant to ensure that they are involved in matters relating to plastic bag use. For example in Japan, businesses, which use plastic bags without proper control, face being closed down. Culture plays an essential role in influencing how people use plastic bags. Also, in Japan, politeness and hygiene is respected when items are wrapped individually. This means that more plastic bags are used, thus threatening the environment (Stein, 2002).
Environmental Impacts involved during Plastic Manufacture and Recycling
0.48 is the amount of energy in form of mega joules, which is spent during production of HDPE. As a result of recycling plastic, the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced .People should be able to make decisions, which are informed as well as responsible. This ensures that a shift in terms of culture occurs. Emission of carbon dioxide and toxic chemicals leads to pollution of the air. This mostly occurs when plastic is being manufactured. This is an extremely key concern in matters related to the environment. Atmospheric pollution of 1.1 kg occurs when plastic bags, which are two in number, are produced. The latter is according to an assessment by the Lifecycle Environmental Institute (Lajeunesse, 2004). When pollution of the air occurs, smog and rain are bound to occur as well. Environments made by human beings and the natural ones are affected by acid rain. This is mostly in areas such as Eastern Europe. When smog occurs, the health of human beings is threatened. Waste, which is waterborne, is produced when plastic bags totaling two are manufactured. This in turn affects life, which exists in the waterways. Ecosystems are also disrupted as well during manufacturing of plastic. This means that it is better to recycle than to produce new plastic. For example in China, there are no existing regulations concerning the environment. This is the reason why most Chinese people suffer from health issues (Lajeunesse, 2004).
Plastic bags are transported to different countries and this occurs mostly in the form of shipping. The pollutant produced during transportation includes sulphur (Watson, 2007). The demand for plastic is high and this means that more transportation has to take place. 80 % of plastic bags are manufactured in Western Europe and North America. Every year, the numbers of plastic bags, which are produced, are 5 trillion. During plastic production, production of toxic emissions takes place. Animals are also not spared by the effects of plastic production (Watson, 2007). Plastic ingestion by mammals and sea birds leads to their death. Mammals more than 100,000 are killed each year as a result of plastic ingestion. It does not end here as the dearth of mammal leads to that of others. This is because other animals feed on it, thus ingesting on the plastic. There are many barriers, which ensure that effective recycling does not take place. This is in terms of plants for reprocessing and even markets for the plastic, which is recycled. Challenges also occur due to packaging of the composite, which is tough. There is a problem of lack of markets for products, which are recycled (Lajeunesse, 2004).
Benefits of Plastic Bottle Recycling
Energy conservation occurs during recycling as opposed to manufacturing new products. Plastic worth more than 4 billion pounds in the year 2007, was in the United States saved ,in the form of energy. The reductions of gases, which are known as being greenhouse, are reduced during this process (Watson, 2007). This occurs in the stages of production, extraction and preprocessing. The recycled plastic is produced into beneficial products, which help people. Some of the products produced include; jackets, paintings, among others. The industry of recycling products is growing due to the demand for the plastics. The supply, which exists for recycled plastic is exceeded by the demand. This figure seems to triple according to reports by the American Chemistry Council (Goodship, 2007).
Conclusion
There are many stages which have to be undergone before a plastic bag is manufactured. The consequences can either be negative or positive to the existing environment. The environment which is affected is the air, water and soil. This is because fossil fuels are used during the process. Physical environments and human beings suffer as a result of the produced emissions. The other major contributor of environmental degradation is plastic bags transportation. Plastics which are post-consumer have been reclaimed in large numbers .The figure is as high as 1800 according to the Plastics Council of America. This has in turn made many stores which sell groceries to act as agents for plastics. The latter has occurred in the form of people dropping their plastic in special bins for collection later on. Australia should be praised for its efforts in ensuring that the plastic bags used by families declines. In turn, every year, 253 million bags are saved. The environment is extremely precious and laws have been influential in saving it. Plastic recycling which is inefficient causes many vital negative externalities in the American economy. They include mostly the aesthetic damage of landfills, toxic emissions from incineration, the impact to marine life, and loss of profits from recycling markets which are potential. Legislation at different American government levels seeks to deal with the negative externalities. More sufficient policies are needed to be able to decrease the effects of subsidies in the market failures, as a resulting of plastic recycling which is inefficient. Improvement in the recycling sector is obtainable. The effort of many environmentalists is yielding progress which has greatly improved people and animal’s life. This is the reason why the conclusion of recycling of plastic being beneficial is necessary.
References
American Plastics Council. (2001). “2000 National Post Consumer Plastics Recycling Report.” Arlington, VA: Author.
Brown, S. (2003). “Seven Billion Bags a Year.” Habitat Australia 31,5,28.
Gerngross, T. & Slater, S. (2000). “How Green Are Green Plastics.” Scientific American. 8, 12, 56-59.
Goodship, Vannessa. (2007). Introduction to Plastics Recycling. New York: Smithers Rapra Press
Hill, M. (2004). Understanding Environmental Pollution: A Primer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Karliner, J. (1997). Corporate Planet: Ecology and Politics in Age of Globalization. San Francisco, CA: University of California Press
Lajeunesse, S. (2004). “Plastic Bags.” Chemical and Engineering News, 82, 38, 51.
Patel, Almitra. (2003), Plastics Recycling and The Need for Bio-Polymers, 9, Retrieved from International Society of Environmental Botanists, http://isebindia.com/01_04/03-10-2.html
Stein, R.S. (2002). “Plastics Can Be Good for the Environment.” NEACT Journal 21, 10–12.
Watson, Tom (2007). “Where can we put all those plastics?” Seattle Times. Retrieved from http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/homegarden/2003730398_ecoconsumer02.html. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
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