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How Genetic, Molecular and Biological factors all have a role to play as the rate of prevalence of infectious and chronic dis
(Name)
(Instructors’ name)
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(Date)
Genetic Engineering
Genetic, Molecular and Biological factors all have a role to play as the rate of prevalence of infectious and chronic diseases increases. Examples of chronic diseases are those known as neurodegenerative diseases, and they affect a human beings Central Nervous system. In turn, people suffer from chronic conditions such as dementia. This means that there is a lot of research being conducted, in order to find out why the aging population is being affected. The research, which has been done, has found out that the degenerative diseases, which are chronic, are caused by molecular changes. Moreover, the changes take place in the nerve cells and can lead to death or even dysfunction of the nerves. Furthermore, genetics has a role to play in this vital matter on neurodegenerative diseases. The various gene expressions are responsible for changes in the gene structure of human beings (Last, 2000.45).
Another chronic condition is asthma, and its development has been attributed to biological and genetic factors. The disease normally occurs when human are subjected to conditions, which are hypersensitive. During previous years, it was known to have been caused by genetic factors and that has changed. Current research has found out that asthma is caused by environmental, molecular and genetic factors. An infectious disease such as AIDS is spreading fast among people and thus, it leads to high death rates. Biological technology is used in research and study of genetic factors (Last, 2000.45). Furthermore, genetic factors make it possible to find out if people are prone to acquiring infectious and chronic diseases as compared to others. Information regarding genetic, molecular and biological diseases makes it possible to learn about diseases. It makes it easy to learn how to treat and cure infectious and chronic diseases.
Currently, research concerning matters on genetic, molecular and biological factors is available. They can be found in the World Health Organization website and publications. The latter provides information regarding infectious as well chronic diseases and the factors related to them. The Journal of Inflammation has research about the genetics involved in asthma Moreover; it shows the research through the perspective of a molecular biologist. Other research publications include; Medscape Reference, Journal of Neuroscience and American Journal of Epidemiology.
A Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) exists when genes are transferred from a species to another. The process, which is used, is known as laboratory, and it leads to formations of GMO’s. The process is meant to obtain desirable characteristics and Traits from certain genes. This is the reason why the organisms are known to be transgenic. Genetic Modification and Genetic Engineering are used to describe the laboratory process. There is a difference, which exists between GMO’s and Non GMO’s. The former are produced through conventional methods, and its risks are extremely unique. GMO’s have the ability of overcoming barriers concerning species. It means that it is possible to engage in genetic engineering and come up with unique species. For example, it is possible for tomatoes to be injected with fish genes. The tomatoes will then have traits similar to that of a fish. The latter is not possible when producing Non Genetically Modified Organisms (Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, 2011.1).
An example of a Genetically Modified Food is Soy, and it accounts for 88 % of the total world soya production. When soybean is implanted with a blasted gene, it leads to the formation of GM Soy. The result is that the latter is resistant to glyphosate, which has cytotoxic impacts. Soy is used for various functions for both animals and human beings. Animals are usually fed with feed that contains soy, and human consume it from the animals by products. Human beings consume Genetically Modified Soya from eating meat, eggs and drinking milk of such animals. The GM soy is obtained and processed into flour and it is used in making baby food, bread, among other food stuffs. An example of a company, which makes efficient use of GM soy, is Nestle in the production of baby food. Currently, there have been some criticisms that the use of GM Soy in baby food is harmful to a baby’s health. Rabbits, which have been fed GM Soy, have been known to have increased metabolic activity and liver dysfunctions. The conclusion was arrived at, after conducting a study on the matter and GM Soy found to be the cause. According to Michael Antoniou, a molecular geneticist, the study carried out on the rabbit is true. This means that human beings might be affected in the same manner as the rabbits. This means that it must be ensured that GM food is safe (Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, 2011.1).
Lastly, the government of the United States has come up with tight and effective measures concerning unsafe food. It seeks to ensure that all citizens are protected, so that they do not consume food, which is unhealthy. Some organizations, which have the mandate of ensuring food safety, include the FDA and USDA. For example, they control the food that is imported into the United States. They have guidelines, which have to be met by people who seek to import food to America. Unfortunately, the methods used are not scientific something needs to be done urgently concerning this matter. Consumers should have the proper information regarding the food that they eat (König Et Al, 2010.1087).
Work Cited
Last, J. A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Print.
König A. et al. “Assessment of the safety of foods derived from genetically modified (GM) crops”. Food Chemical Toxicology. 42, 7, (2010): 1047–1088.
Center for Environmental Risk Assessment. HYPERLINK “http://cera-gmc.org/index.php?evidcode=&hstIDXCode=11&gType=&AbbrCode=&atCode=&stCode=&coIDCode=&action=gm_crop_database&mode=Submit” “GM Crop Database:Tomato”. International Life Sciences Institute. HYPERLINK “http://ceragmc.org/index.php?evidcode=&hstIDXCode=11&gType=&AbbrCode=&atCode=&stCode=&coIDCode=&action=gm_crop_database&mode=Submit” http://ceragmc.org/index.php?evidcode=&hstIDXCode=11&gType=&AbbrCode=&atCode=&stCode=&coIDCode=&action=gm_crop_database&mode=Submit. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
How far has the Modern Conservative Party departed from the Thatcherite agenda
How far has the Modern Conservative Party departed from the Thatcherite agenda? Comparing Margaret Thatcher’s “There is No Such Thing as Society” versus Cameron’s “Big Society”
Executive summary
This essay argues that Modern Conservative Party, particularly its new Prime Minister, David Cameron has not totally departed from its predecessor, Margaret Thatcher. Though Cameron explained that his “Big Society” to be totally different from Thatcher’s “there is no such thing as society” as it acknowledges the societal ties that makes society interdependent, this paper is in the opinion that such political pronouncement was just to parry the criticism associated with Thatcher’s “New Right”. The departure of Cameron’s “Big Society” from Thatcher’s “New Right” is more on the semantics because many of the principles of its predecessor remain the same.
First, Thatcher’s “there is no such thing as society” did not mean the dissolution of social ties that composed society. She herself clarified that the original intent of the statement was distorted beyond recognition. What she meant by “there is no such thing as society” is to diminish dependency on welfare and to encourage individual members of society to help themselves. In effect, it lessens the burden on public expenditures which contributed to the inflation that beset UK’s economy. Thatcher may have just put it in the wrong way but the intent and purpose of her statement was to strengthen industry by enabling society’s individual members. In effect, Cameron’s “Big Society” is just the same with Thatcherism when it intends cut back public expenditures (though explaining that he is just returning it to 2007 level). It only differs in a way that it encouraged public engagement and volunteerism and by putting up a Big Society fund of £200M to enhance societal capability (Channel4.com 2011).
With regard to the economy, Cameron also adopts the free market system which is precisely what Thatcher asserted despite public criticism during her time. Cameron’s economic policy pronouncements also do not subscribe to Keynesian inflationary measure of pump priming the economy through increased public expenditure. It is only his method that differs from Thatcher because he intends to cut public expenditure which Thatcher was opulent during her term.
‘Schindler’s List’ is a 1993 movie directed by renowned filmmaker, Steven Spielberg.
Schindler’s List
Name: Amanda Verdial
Course: American History
Date: 03/03/2019
‘Schindler’s List’ is a 1993 movie directed by renowned filmmaker, Steven Spielberg. It is based on the novel ‘Schindler’s Ark’ written by written by Thomas Keneally. The film is set in Krakow, a Polish city during World war II and the Holocaust during which the Nazis sought to destroy all Jews. Spielberg directed the film to depict the horror that the Jews suffered and the effort of one man to save the lives of many. The main protagonist in the story is Oskar Schindler; a German businessman who saved the lives of thousands of Jews.
Schindler was a businessman from Germany who had come to Krakow seeking to make a fortune from a business. He paid hefty bribes to German forces to acquire a factory in which he planned to set up an enamelware factory. Itzhak Stern was his administrator who handled the matters of financing the factory for Schindler. Because of the excellent relationship that Schindler had with the Nazis, he keeps his workers from being sent away to concentration camps. Most of these workers were Jews as they were paid the lowest wages.
Amon Goth led one of the concentration camps in Krakow and was tasked with ensuring that the ghetto is emptied of the Jews occupying it. What ensued was a bloody massacre that turned Schindler from a Nazi supporter to being sympathetic to the plight of the Jews who faced certain death under the Nazis. The color red is symbolic in the scene in which Schindler witnesses a young girl in a red coat dead after seeing her on the street before.
Many Jews were sent to the concentration camp, but Schindler bribed Goth into letting him build a sub-camp where his workers would stay. Finally, all Jews were to be transferred to Auschwitz, but Schindler planned to move his workers to a new factory in Brinnlitz. Their train is mistakenly sent to Auschwitz, but Schindler secured their release by bribery. All the hefty bribes that Schindler gave finally rendered him poor in 1945 when the war ended. He was to be captured by the Red Army due to his affiliation with the Nazi Party. Before he fled, he asked the German guards not to kill his Jewish workers. His workers gave him a signed letter to tell of how he had protected their lives.
Some of the major themes in the movie include violence, the value of human life and the selflessness of one man to make a difference in the lives of others. The theme of violence is evidenced in the shooting and killing of Jews during the efforts to liquidate the ghettoes in which they lived in Krakow. Schindler despite being one man was able to make a difference in the lives of many Jews. Himself being a Nazi Party, he should have been part of those seeking to eliminate the Jews but instead went to great lengths to save his workers. As a result, he ran out of money and risked arrest. He was selfless.
Power and corruption are also themes in the movie. The Nazis wielded their power over the Jews whom they viewed to be inferior people and thus dehumanized them. Corruption is evidenced by the fact that the German officers such as Goth took bribes from Schindler who sought to keep his workers safe.
The film itself has black and white effects because Spielberg wanted to give a sense of timelessness to the film and it paid off. Watching the movie, the audience is convinced that the events are depicted as they happened. The characters in the movie did a splendid job of becoming the characters they portray. The quality of production is also impressive, and the film is enthralling throughout its duration. Some forms of symbolism include the girl in the red coat which stands out as the rest of the film is in black and white. Red might be taken to show the bloodshed of the Jews. The black and white effects also depict death, Spielberg explained that color to him symbolizes life. The film appeals to peoples from all walks of life as it is a significant part of history.
The film has several strengths as well as weaknesses. Some of the strengths include the cast of the play. Under Spielberg, they manage to reenact the events of the dark time such that they appear very real. A second strength is the music by John Williams that creates the mood in the film. The third strength is the use of the black and white film to show timelessness in the film. Some weaknesses include the violence and nudity in the movie, which makes it unsuitable for young viewers such as children. The film also gives the perspective of Schindler; hence the Jews are merely supporting cast to be killed at the whim of the Nazis. The audience fails to accurately get the Jews’ perspective as a result. The third weakness is that it mostly dwells on those that survived rather than those who were killed. The audience fails to get the magnitude of the senseless murder of the Jews.
The film is generally very realistic and succeeds in educating the masses on the events that transpired during the Holocaust. Many people are not aware of what happened, and the film gives insight into this. It is quite educational, and the audience is left in awe at the story itself and the spectacular manner in which it is told.
Bibliography
Chen, Xiaolin. “The Use of Symbols in Schindler’s List.” In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018.
Gambaccini, P., and T. Miller. “Schindler’s List.” (2017).
Loshitzky, Yosefa, ed. Spielberg’s Holocaust: critical perspectives on Schindler’s list. Indiana University Press, 1997.
Spielberg, Steven, Liam Neeson, Ben Kingsley, Ralph Fiennes, Caroline Goodall, Jonathan Sagalle, Embeth Davidtz, Michael Kahn, and Thomas Keneally. Schindler’s list. Universal Studios, 1993.
Yang, Hongsi. “Appreciation on Theme Music of Schindler’s List.” In 2016 5th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Atlantis Press, 2016.