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E-Commerces Development and Future Perspectives
E-Commerce’s Development and Future Perspectives
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E-Commerce’s Development and Future Perspectives
The invention and development of the Internet has improved a lot in human life. Not only has it availed a quick means of communication, but also provided a means that facilitates connections through which business can be transacted. This is referred to as electronic commerce (e-commerce). In e-commerce, processes that facilitate businesses are performed on the internet and via the use of electronic gadgets. Hence, traders and companies intending to sell products and services display them online. Subsequently, buyers review, select, and identify the products on the internet and other electronic systems. They also review the various methods of payment available. If they should proceed to make an order, then they make payments and the seller organizes for efficient delivery methods to make the good or service reach the customer (Reynolds, 2004). As a result, e-commerce goes hand in hand with internet marketing, and online transaction methods. Besides, this system of trade is global; thus, its future is bright because it will open windows for more opportunities in trade and commerce.
One of the eminent developments in e-commerce is the growth of online and virtual stores. These have eliminated the existence of physical stores. Before the introduction of e-commerce, business stores were common features in trade centers. However, in the emergence and development of e-commerce, a number of physical business stores have been replaced with online ones. The most advantageous element of this development is the fact that the elimination unnecessary middle-persons in business has reduced prices for customers and increased profit margins for producers and distributors. Consequently, more customers buy from online stores while companies make more income from internet based and electronic system selling points (Reynolds, 2004). As a result, business firms focus more on how to increase the traffic of website visits that may culminate into purchases. This is achieved through chat room provisions, search optimization, trials, emails, and short message services traffics (Manzoor, 2010). Other customer-centered advantages of e-commerce include the fact that potential consumers do not have to travel to physical shops to do window shopping. Previously, this was characterized by various challenges and occasional cases of embarrassment. A customer would walk into a shop and order for a product then realize that they have to leave the product because of insufficient funds. Today, customers take their time to evaluate prices before making purchases. Furthermore, the fact that many stores are online gives room for comparative analysis of different products serving the same purpose. If one store sells expensively, they can opt for another. Again, even when their payments get declined because of insufficient funds in their cards, they do not have to be physically present to witness this. It all happens online. Plant (2000) also argues that e-commerce is extremely economical because it saves time and costs related to physical visits.
All factual analyses indicate that e-commerce has continued to grow exponentially in the last few years. Investing in the internet and e-commerce has led to the historical rise of the highest number of young billionaires internationally. These include Mark Zuckerberg, Larry Page, Steve Case, Jeff Bezos, and Jerry Yang among others. The list of their investments includes Facebook.com, Google.com, AOL, Amazon.com, and Yahoo.com. Notably, each of these systems facilitates social interaction, advertisement, and transactions in various ways. Other projections depict that more than eighty percent of the world population will be in social media and online forums by the year 2020 (Manzoor, 2010). If this projection becomes a reality, it will enhance the position of e-commerce as a leading business facilitator.It is evident that today’s e-commerce developments are better than those of the past five years. Its trend has been on a constant upward trend. Correspondingly, investors have noticed its potential and considered it for various developments. By reducing costs for consumers and increasing profit margins for sellers, e-commerce has appealed to more persons. Hence, it is likely to improve and develop more and more.
References
Manzoor, A. (2010). E-Commerce: an Introduction. Saarbrücken: LAP Lambert Acad. Publ.
Plant, R. T. (2000). E-Commerce: Formulation of Strategy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Financial Times/Prentice Hall.
Reynolds, J. (2004). The Complete E-Commerce Book Design, Build & Maintain a Successful Web-Based Business. San Francisco: CMP Books.
fiction stories analyzing
fiction stories analyzing.
Fictional stories are creative stories author’s imagined or are in relation to personal experience, and they put into writing. In analyzing this story, will understand the various aspects and attributes of fictional writing which include; tones, styles of writing, character evaluation, the theme of the story, roles of certain characters and the various styles of writing that are incorporated to this story.
In the story, the author has decided to create an emotion moving story that explains the relaying and receipt of the death news of Louise’s husband. The writer has used repetition in some of the sentences, for example, free, free, free; this is usually used to show emphasis or stress on a certain point or issue. Use of symbolism is also present in the narrative, when she stared into the sky; there were patches of blue amongst the clouds. The meaning of this form of style used is to try and show, in all the sad and sorrow emotion turmoil in her there was still a speck of hope and joy. There is the use of similes, which is used to describe a certain character or situation synonymously to character or situation. Irony use in literature brings out the opposite of what was or is expected. It is ironical when Louise dies of a heart attack because of the joy of seeing her husband; opposite to what was expected in the beginning where they thought she would die from the news that her husband was dead. The other ironical aspect of the narrative is that, the whole story was about Louise coming into terms with her husband’s death; she is mourning and crying because of his death while in the end she is the one who passes on.
Plot in a narrative is usually used o explain the various part of the narrative, the protagonist, the obstacles, the climax of events, complications the objective of the protagonist and the theme of the narrative (Spack,5). In the story Louise is the main character and the author chose her to be the main person in the narrative for she is emotional, she loves her husband and as sad for she lost him and at the same time she is hopeful and strong despite the sad news of her husband’s death. While describing the plot we analyze what was the protagonist objective, Louise is used to describe a loving character, and at the same time a strong and hopeful character. The theme of the story is death. The whole story describes the death and mourning of Brently Mallard. And at the end the story it talks about the death of Louise Mallard. The climax of the narrative comes close to the end where Brently arrives on the front door alive after all the mourning and crying of his friend, sister-in-law and his wife.
Josephine, Louise’s sister has a loving character as she is with her sister and cares enough to break the news to her the most sensitive way. She is also supportive, as she tries to explain the death of her sister’s husband and she stands by her. She is caring as she tries to stop her sister from doing anything that will make her ill. Richard on the other hand has a supportive character; he waits at the bottom and is present in the house as Louise learns about death of her husband. He has a trustworthy, as Mallards friend he takes the responsibility to know about his death and tends to details about the accident. Both Josephine and Richard represent supportive friend and family as the take care of Louise.
The tone and mood of the narrative describes the emotions the narrative sets on the reader. The author has used a wistful tone. Throughout the story, Louise is mourning and longing for her dead husband. The wistful tone made the narrative more emotional mostly grief and sad. This is illustrated by the crying and hysterical emotion in her. The narrative evokes a sad and sorrowful mood. He or she used the mood so as to give the theme more meaning and also, it is used to set the tone of the narrative. Through the mourning and crying this is clearly illustrated.
The writers point of view is described through the third person, through use of ‘she’ (Antonacci, 139). This helps to describe to enable the reader to get see and visualize as the character in the narrative is. The use of ‘she’ to represent Louise, helps us learn about her character and her thoughts. If another point of view was used, such as the second person that involves the use of your and you, the author would not be able to speak directly to the reader but this would give the readers a chance to participate in the story; making the reader more intimate and personal with the characters.
The story takes part during the day, it involves a death strike family, and the events of the story take part in the house of Mr and Mrs Mallard. The setting of the narrative describes a cloudy almost rainy environment. This brings out the symbolism of the narrative (sad and misty). The story is placed in a loving and supportive family hence it is able to bring out the characteristics of the characters. If the setting was altered to a different place, or time aspects such as symbolism would not be included. But aspects such as time and place would not greatly affect the tone or mood of the narrative neither the theme.
Through description of all the above aspects of writing, readers are able to know more about the narrative, get to know the main intention of the writer as he or she was writing the text. Description of the tone, setting, plot, attributes of characters and the styles of writing used is all considered as part of analyzing any form of literature.
Spack, Ruth. Instructor’s manual to accompany The international story– an anthology with guidelines for reading and writing about fiction. Cambridge [Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Print.
Antonacci, Patricia A. A., and Catherine M. M. Callaghan. Promoting Literacy Development 50 Research-Based Strategies for K-8 Learners.. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2011. Print.
Impact of Norms on Ethics
Impact of Norms on Ethics
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Societal norms and standards form the basis for most ethical core values. As people grow up and interact with others, they learn about the norms to which they are expected to adhere to in the society, and this, in turn, informs the ethical values that they adopt in their lives. People are expected to conform to particular accepted forms of behaviour which are referred to as the norms of a society or community. Some of these norms include gender, profession, age, wealth, ethnicity, tradition and nationality. The core ethical values impacted by these norms include honesty, respect, justice, due process, respect, competence, greed, courage, responsibility, compassion, perseverance and professional judgment. Norms have a significant impact on the core ethical values because a person is expected to conform to norms and standards.
Age has an impact on several core ethical values, of one, which is respect. As one grows up, they get to experience different situations and meet different kinds of people, and this affects the level of respect that they develop. The older a person gets, the more respectful they are because they gain an appreciation for many things in life (McCann et al. 2005). A lot of the time, young people tend to be disrespectful of other people, and that is because they do not take the time to understand other people’s life experiences and situations. When a person is older, it is likely that they have seen a lot of similar things; hence they respect others. For example, an older person knows the things that they cannot do, and they will allow other people to take charge in areas they excel in. They respect other people’s abilities. Another instance of the impact of age on respect is that people tend to respect people older than them. Society views older and aged people as a wealth of knowledge and experience, and accord them high levels of respect. Research also shows that relationships become better with age as people tend to forgive each other more easily.
Age also has an important relationship with responsibility. Some of the main stages in life based on age are childhood, teenage years, early adulthood, late adulthood, middle age and old age. All these stages are based on a person’s age. Society assigns responsibilities to people based on their age. However, this is not to say that younger people are irresponsible; it just means that responsibility requires a level of understanding that comes as one grows older. For example, the legal drinking age is twenty-one years old. This means that at twenty-one, a person has the responsibility to take charge of their decisions when it comes to alcohol, for example, drinking and driving, getting to work drunk and many others. Driving licenses are issued at sixteen years or older in some countries. When a person learns to drive, they become responsible for their lives and those of others on the road. This is a concept that a ten-year-old might not understand, but as they grow older, they begin to grasp the meaning of responsibility. The legal system of a country depends a lot on the age of a person to grant those rights and responsibilities, and these include age of voting, consent, drinking, marriage, criminal responsibility, majority and retirement age (Mounk 2017). The same goes for the professional world, but here age does not necessarily refer to the number of years lived but by level of experience and skill.
The societal norm of wealth affects greed as a core ethical value. Many people in society want to be wealthy because they think it gives them a higher stature. Society emphasizes material possessions as the standard for success; therefore, every person wants to acquire as much wealth as possible. While this is not wrong, the means through which a person acquires this wealth is important. Some people choose to work hard and come up with innovative ideas that help them get rich, while others choose to use corrupt and illegal ways to acquire wealth. Greed can be defined as an intense, excessive and selfish desire for wealth. Greed can also make a person unethical because they are willing to bend the rules so that they can get some perks for themselves (Seltzer 2012). For example, in a contract-awarding process worth billions of dollars, a contractor who is desperate to win can bribe some members of the committee. If those people are greedy and want to get more money, they will take the bribe and award the contract. Greed is dangerous in a professional setting because there are legal and professional standards that people just adhere to. Breaking or circumventing these set rules can lead to serious consequences such as fines, arrest and jail time. A greedy person will never get enough money or wealth, for them chasing after wealth is the thrill (Seltzer 2012).
Gender is a significant determinant of compassion. In all areas of life, women are seen to be more compassionate, while men are more decisive. An article titled “Empathy: Gender Effects in Brain and Behaviour” on the National Institute of Health website explains that there are several reasons for this. One of them is that traditional gender roles encourage women to be more emotional and compassionate, while men are discouraged from this. As people grow up, they, therefore, adapt to such gender norms. Research shows that the development of empathy starts very early in life. At two years of age, children try to help others in distress. However, females show higher levels of concern and empathy compared to males (Christov-Moore et al. 2012). This goes on into adulthood because as children grow up, cultural expectations form their empathetic and compassionate tendencies. In the world of business, women tend to think more compassionately of their decisions will affect others, while men focus on the desired results. For example, in laying off employees, women will be more compassionate to those losing their jobs while men focus on the good of the company, which may be cutting down on costs.
Profession as a societal standard impacts a person’s professional judgment and competence. A profession is a person’s occupation after a period of training to gain the required qualifications. As people grow up, they are encouraged to choose a profession to follow in life, and they can be several of them. Higher education helps a person get the required skills in a professional field of their choice. As the person gets trained, they also get exposed to standards and laws governing their profession that will help them make appropriate judgments. For example, a trained auditor will know that finding huge discrepancies in a company’s accounts that indicate tax evasion or other unethical practices mean that they have to turn over their findings to the relevant authorities. Additionally, profession makes a person competent in their areas of work. A doctor spends years getting trained on how to treat different ailments in patients, and at the end of their training, they are declared competent enough. They have the necessary skills and experience to make the best judgment on what course of action should be taken to treat a sick person.
The societal norm of legislation impacts due process and justice as core ethical values. Due process can be defined as the provision in the constitution that prevents the government from taking away a person’s life, property or liberty before giving the person a fair process. Due process also applies in any situation in which an aggrieved party needs to get a fair hearing and trial before making a decision. Legislation refers to the laws created by lawmakers to maintain law and order in society. The law stipulates the process which two parties must follow before depriving another of their life, property or liberty. For example, in a case two people get into a dispute about money where one refuses to pay back their debt, the aggrieved person cannot simply seize the property of the other person. They have to follow due process, which includes filing a case with the courts which will determine what to do. There must also be evidence of transactions and wrongdoing to help the court settle the case. Justice is also an important ethical value because it ensures fairness and equality in the treatment of all people. The constitution, which contains the laws of the country treats all citizens equally.
In conclusion, many of the core ethical values in different areas of life come from societal norms and standards. These standards and values have a close relationship because they govern how people act in various situations. Examples of norms that have an impact of ethical values are age on responsibility and respect, profession on competence and professional judgment, and legislation on due process and justice. Core ethical values are a reflection of the norms of the society, and they may vary from place to place. Core ethical values are important because they determine a person’s conduct in both their professional and personal life. Norms and ethics help to maintain order in society by dictating what is acceptable and what is not.
References
Christov-Moore, L., Simpson, E. A., Coudé, G., Grigaityte, K., Iacoboni, M., & Ferrari, P. F. (2014). Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, 604-627. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110041/McCann, R. M., Dailey, R. M., Giles, H., & Ota, H. (2005). Beliefs about intergenerational communication across the lifespan: Middle age and the roles of age stereotyping and respect norms. Communication Studies, 56(4), 293-311.
Mounk, Y. (2017). The Age of Responsibility. Harvard University Press.Seltzer, L. F. “Greed: The Ultimate Addiction” Psychology Today. 17 October 2012. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201210/greed-the-ultimate-addiction