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Fiction Essay
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Fiction Essay
Thesis Statement and Outline
Thesis statement: the authors employ the use of symbolism and characterization to develop the main themes in the short stories.
Characterization
The Lottery
Tessie Hutchinson, the main character of the story who loses the lottery.
Bill Hutchinson, Tessie’s husband.
Old Man Warner, the oldest man in the village
Mr. Summers, a village leader who oversees the lottery
Young Goodman Brown
Goodman Brown, the protagonist of the story and a good Christian
Faith, Goodman Brown’s wife
The Old Man, represents the devil that persuades Goodman Brown to attend the ceremony in the forest.
Goody Cloyse, an old woman who teaches the Bible but is actually a witch.
Symbolism
The Lottery
The lottery
The black box
Young Goodman Brown
The staff
Faith’s pink ribbons
Well developed characters are essential towards the writing of a compelling story, and the two short stories, ‘The Lottery’ by Shirley Jackson and ‘Young Goodman Brown’ by Nathaniel Hawthorne do not disappoint. Tessie Hutchinson is the central character in The Lottery. She is a strong woman whom the villagers resent for arriving late to the lottery. She forgot what day it was. While the other women arrive early and stand quietly besides their husbands, Tessie and her husband arrive late, requiring that the other people move for them to get to their family. She is only the only person with the courage to protest against the lottery when her family’s name is drawn. ‘”It isn’t fair, it isn’t right,” Mrs. Hutchinson screamed, and then they were upon her.’ (Jackson 80). Her husband, Bill Hutchinson betrays her in his readiness to show everyone that she drew a black paper which led to her being stoned.
Old Man Warner is the oldest man in the village who is eager to hold onto the traditions of the past. He is quite superstitious and is desperate to keep things exactly as they are for fear that society will plunge into chaos if they abandon their way of life such as traditions. He has participated in several lotteries in the past and is eager to keep it going. Mr. Summers shares Old Man Warner’s sentiments but does not mind a little change as he urges the villagers to make a new box. .” Mr. Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box.”. (Jackson 5).
In Young Goodman Brown, Goodman brown in the main character. He is a good Christian who firmly believes in God and in the goodness of other people. He is married to Faith whom he believes to be full of virtues (Hawthorne). He is however tempted by the devil to attend the meeting in the forest and he does so out of curiosity. His experience goes to show us that we shouldn’t be too trusting of other people. His wife Faith is equally naïve and too trusting which leads her to be part of the ceremony in the forest. The Old Man or the Devil reveals to Young Goodman that the people he has always trusted to be virtuous have a different identity. One of those people in Goody Cloyse, an upright member of the society who took it upon herself to teach the young people matters of the Bible but is later revealed to be a witch. Goodman Brown remarks, “That old woman taught me my catechism,” said the young man; and there was a world of meaning in this simple comment. (Hawthorne 34).
Symbolism is also used in both short stories. In ‘The Lottery’, the lottery itself is the first symbol. The lottery was passed down from generation to generation and it shows how people can follow traditions that have no meaning yet they follow it without question. The black box is another symbol that also indicates the villagers’ reluctance to depart from their traditions. The box itself is falling apart but they do not want to make a new one because it has been passed down from earlier generations.
The Old Man’s staff and Faith’s ribbons are used as symbols in ‘Young Goodman Brown’. The staff is encircled by a serpent, the animal that led to the fall of man in the Garden of Eden. In the same way that Eve was deceived, Goodman Brown is enticed to attend the ceremony in the forest (Hawthorne). The pink ribbons worn by Faith indicate her youth and purity. They also show that Faith is innocent just as Goodman perceives her. In the forest when the pink ribbons fall, it is a sign that fallen into temptation of the devil. At the end of the story however, Faith is back to wearing her ribbons whish can be interpreted to mean that she had returned to her original state of innocence and purity.
In both stories, the characters play a central role in the development of the storyline. The characters portray different character traits such as virtue in Faith, gullibility in Goodman Brown and deviousness in the devil. Symbolism also helps the reader understand the story more; the symbols have a hidden meaning that the author would like to present without being obvious. Both ‘The Lottery’ and ‘Young Goodman Brown’s characterization and symbolism keep the author engrossed and help to decipher the hidden message in the stories.
Works Cited
Jackson, Shirley. The lottery and other stories. MacMillan, 2005.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Simon and Schuster, 2012.
Impact of Mass media and Pop Culture to the Society
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Impact of Mass media and Pop Culture to the Society
Popular culture is characterised as a whole of the creeds, beliefs, thoughts, perspectives, images and other aspects of a particular culture. Pop culture is composed of genres like the movies, tracks, novels, popular people, fashion or cartoons, among others. These elements target all people regardless of age and gender and influence their thinking, trends, behaviour and tastes. Today, the media play a major role in making pop culture known to people via ads (Fiske, 2010). Nearly everyone is exposed to the media and is passionate about all facets of the lives of celebrities. There has been much discussion of whether art has any effect on life. While many argue that art is the representation of human existence and nature, many others argue that artistic representation tends to lead to trends that influence the mind of young people. Certainly, if popular culture is considered, “art” has influenced societyADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Delaney”,”given”:”Tim”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Philosophy Now”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2007″,”1″,”1″]]},”page”:”6-7″,”title”:”Pop Culture: An Overview”,”type”:”article-journal”,”volume”:”64″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=76f6eb10-ed5a-3656-94a8-f98604c2805c”]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Delaney)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Delaney)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Delaney)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Delaney).
The behaviours and trends of famous persons therefore influence how society acts or perceives itself. Most people in society, particularly women and teenagers, look to emulate the way famous people live, since they appear in the modern world as iconic figures. For instance, numerous young women in the 21st century are looking to Beyonce, one of the world’s most powerful and influential women. They consider Beyonce as the face of the woman of the 21st century and the finest cultural meaner of today’s feminism. This paper therefore discusses the impact on society today of popular culture. The corporeal part highlights the effects that pop culture has on women and adolescent girls in society. The results will be both positive and negative.
Not just the number of people with eating problems is the fault of pop culture, but the high crime rates and drug rates also affect society. One could argue that there was ever an increase in drugs and violence because pop culture greatly influences the crime rate and the rate of drug use in music, video games and Hollywood films.. The use of famous individuals who commit crimes and consider themselves to be highly responsible in music leads others to do the same because they see it as a way to accept society. These three narrow us down, making us more likely, if not to commit violence, tolerate acts of violence.
Pop culture also has brought women into society’s realisation of their value. Others praise and show the value of women, apart from genres which show women as objects or lesser beings. Some women like Naomi Wolf have criticised their beauty judgement on women. She says women must be accepted in their own way. She commends that colourful women such as Beyoncé and Rihanna gain advertising across all media platforms. Prominent people such as Queen Latifah demonstrated the value of women by introducing clothing lines for women of more size. Due to their body shapes, the plus-size group is considered unattractive for so long that they have not been fully taken up by society. However, some of these beliefs were dismissed through pop culture, and most women have today become part of society.
In addition, pop culture has destroyed society, changing the ordinary way to provoke sexuality. That is to say, the culture led to the exhibition in fashion magazines, websites and ads of various famous people. Many young women and adults idolize for these celebrities that emulate their behaviour because they think this is the right way since everyone is doing it, author describes from book ‘Beauty Myth’ ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“abstract”:”In the end, porn doesn’t whet men’s appetites — it turns them off the real thing.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Wolf”,”given”:”Naomi”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”New York Magazine”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2009″]]},”page”:”1-4″,”title”:”The Porn Myth”,”type”:”article-journal”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c806ba5d-fa46-33c2-a6de-dbe976888cb2″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Wolf)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Wolf)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Wolf)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Wolf), The famous Calvin Klein ad campaigns erotic at the age of seventeen, and erotic models at the age of 14 in the early 1990s. ‘ This illustrates how much popular culture influenced women and young girls to dress others in terms of dressing which have increased In addition, pop culture also resulted in women being objectified. Sex sells and many men in today’s society get sexually attracted to what they see on media ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1057/9780230615595_7″,”abstract”:”The phenomenon of apparently greater emphasis on human female physical attractiveness has spawned an array of explanatory responses, but the great majority can be broadly categorized as either evolutionary or social constructivist in nature. Both perspectives generate distinct and testable predictions. If, as Naomi Wolf (The beauty myth: How images of female beauty are used against women. New York: William Morrow, originally published in 1991, 2002) and others have argued, greater emphasis on female attractiveness is part of a predominantly Western beauty myth, then an analysis of a culturally diverse sample should reveal marked fluctuation in gendered attractiveness emphasis: there should be significant numbers of cultures in which male and female attractiveness are equally emphasized, and cultures in which male attractiveness receives more emphasis. On the other hand, an evolutionary perspective suggests that disproportionate emphasis on female attractiveness will be a universal or near-universal phenomenon. To test these hypotheses, we tallied references to male versus female attractiveness in 90 collections of traditional folktales from 13 diverse cultural areas. The results are consistent with the evolutionary predictions and inconsistent with the constructivist predictions. Across culture areas information on physical attractiveness was much more likely to be conveyed for female characters. Together with other recent studies, these results suggest that the main elements of the beauty myth are not myths: there are large areas of overlap in the attractiveness judgments of diverse populations, and cross-cultural emphasis on physical attractiveness appears to fall principally upon women.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Gottschall”,”given”:”Jonathan”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””},{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Gottschall”,”given”:”Jonathan”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Literature, Science, and a New Humanities”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2008″]]},”page”:”127-155″,”publisher”:”Palgrave Macmillan US”,”title”:”The “Beauty Myth” is no Myth”,”type”:”chapter”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=65842444-93ff-3352-bce5-cc324c4e8d67″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Gottschall and Gottschall)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Gottschall and Gottschall)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Gottschall and Gottschall)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Gottschall and Gottschall).
References
ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Delaney, Tim. “Pop Culture: An Overview.” Philosophy Now, vol. 64, Jan. 2007, pp. 6–7, https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/purchase?openform&fp=philnow&id=philnow_2007_0064_0000_0006_0007.
Gottschall, Jonathan, and Jonathan Gottschall. “The ‘Beauty Myth’ Is No Myth.” Literature, Science, and a New Humanities, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008, pp. 127–55, doi:10.1057/9780230615595_7.
Wolf, Naomi. “The Porn Myth.” New York Magazine, 2009, pp. 1–4.
Impact of Mass media and Pop Culture on the Society
Student’s name
Instructor
Course
Date
Impact of Mass media and Pop Culture on the Society
Popular culture is characterized as a whole of the creeds, beliefs, thoughts, perspectives, images, and other aspects of a particular culture. Pop culture is composed of genres like movies, tracks, novels, popular people, fashion, or cartoons, among others. These elements target all people regardless of age and gender and influence their thinking, trends, behavior, and tastes. Today, the media play a major role in making pop culture known to people via ads. Nearly everyone is exposed to the media and is passionate about all facets of the lives of celebrities. There has been much discussion of whether art has any effect on life. While many argue that art is the representation of human existence and nature, many others argue that artistic representation tends to lead to trends that influence the mind of young people. Certainly, if popular culture is considered, “art” has more influence on society.
The behaviors and trends of famous persons therefore influence how society acts or perceives itself. Most people in society, particularly women and teenagers, look to emulate the way famous people live since they appear in the modern world as iconic figures. For instance, numerous young women in the 21st century are looking to Beyonce, one of the world’s most powerful and influential women. They consider Beyonce as the face of the woman of the 21st century and the finest cultural meaner of today’s feminism. This paper, therefore, discusses the impact on society today of popular culture. The corporeal part highlights the effects that pop culture has on women and adolescent girls in society. The results will be both positive and negative. Not just the number of people with eating problems is the fault of pop culture, but the high crime rates and drug rates also affect society. One could argue that there was ever an increase in drugs and violence because pop culture greatly influences the crime rate and the rate of drug use in music, video games, and Hollywood films. The use of famous individuals who commit crimes and consider themselves to be highly responsible in music leads others to do the same because they see it as a way to accept society. Narrowing us down, to why many people more likely to, if not to commit violence, tolerate acts of violence.
Pop culture also has brought women into society’s realization of their value. Others praise and show the value of women, apart from genres that show women as objects or lesser beings. Some women like Naomi Wolf have criticized their beauty judgment on women. She says women must be accepted in their way. Prominent people such as Queen Latifah demonstrated the value of women by introducing clothing lines for women of more size. Due to their body shapes, the plus-size group is considered unattractive for so long that they have not been fully taken up by society. However, some of these beliefs were dismissed through pop culture, and most women have today become part of society. In addition, pop culture has destroyed society, changing the ordinary way to provoke sexuality. That is to say, the culture led to the exhibition in fashion magazines, websites, and ads based of various famous people.
Many young women and adults idolize these celebrities that emulate their behavior because they think this is the right way since everyone is doing it, the author describes from book ‘Beauty Myth’ ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“abstract”:”In the end, porn doesn’t whet men’s appetites — it turns them off the real thing.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Wolf”,”given”:”Naomi”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”New York Magazine”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2009″]]},”page”:”1-4″,”title”:”The Porn Myth”,”type”:”article-journal”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c806ba5d-fa46-33c2-a6de-dbe976888cb2″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Wolf)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Wolf)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Wolf)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Wolf), The famous Calvin Klein ad campaigns erotic at the age of seventeen, in the early 1990s. ‘ This illustrates how much popular culture influenced women and young girls to dress others in terms of dressing which has increased Besides, pop culture also resulted in women being objectified. Sex sells and many men in today’s society get sexually attracted to what they see on media. Sociologists recognise in societies high culture and popular cultureADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“DOI”:”10.1057/9780230615595_7″,”abstract”:”The phenomenon of apparently greater emphasis on human female physical attractiveness has spawned an array of explanatory responses, but the great majority can be broadly categorized as either evolutionary or social constructivist in nature. Both perspectives generate distinct and testable predictions. If, as Naomi Wolf (The beauty myth: How images of female beauty are used against women. New York: William Morrow, originally published in 1991, 2002) and others have argued, greater emphasis on female attractiveness is part of a predominantly Western beauty myth, then an analysis of a culturally diverse sample should reveal marked fluctuation in gendered attractiveness emphasis: there should be significant numbers of cultures in which male and female attractiveness are equally emphasized, and cultures in which male attractiveness receives more emphasis. On the other hand, an evolutionary perspective suggests that disproportionate emphasis on female attractiveness will be a universal or near-universal phenomenon. To test these hypotheses, we tallied references to male versus female attractiveness in 90 collections of traditional folktales from 13 diverse cultural areas. The results are consistent with the evolutionary predictions and inconsistent with the constructivist predictions. Across culture areas information on physical attractiveness was much more likely to be conveyed for female characters. Together with other recent studies, these results suggest that the main elements of the beauty myth are not myths: there are large areas of overlap in the attractiveness judgments of diverse populations, and cross-cultural emphasis on physical attractiveness appears to fall principally upon women.”,”author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Gottschall”,”given”:”Jonathan”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””},{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Gottschall”,”given”:”Jonathan”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Literature, Science, and a New Humanities”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2008″]]},”page”:”127-155″,”publisher”:”Palgrave Macmillan US”,”title”:”The “Beauty Myth” is no Myth”,”type”:”chapter”},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=65842444-93ff-3352-bce5-cc324c4e8d67″]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Gottschall and Gottschall)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Gottschall and Gottschall)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Gottschall and Gottschall)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Gottschall and Gottschall). Societies also consist of a number of subcultures that are smaller, identity-sharing groups. Counter cultures reject mainstream values and create cultural rules and standards of their own. Cultures evolve via new ideas and new ways of thinking through invention or discovery. Technology is at the heart of many modern cultures. Technology is also responsible for the dissemination, in globalisation, of both material and non-material cultures ADDIN CSL_CITATION {“citationItems”:[{“id”:”ITEM-1″,”itemData”:{“author”:[{“dropping-particle”:””,”family”:”Delaney”,”given”:”Tim”,”non-dropping-particle”:””,”parse-names”:false,”suffix”:””}],”container-title”:”Philosophy Now”,”id”:”ITEM-1″,”issued”:{“date-parts”:[[“2007″,”1″,”1″]]},”page”:”6-7″,”title”:”Pop Culture: An Overview”,”type”:”article-journal”,”volume”:”64″},”uris”:[“http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=76f6eb10-ed5a-3656-94a8-f98604c2805c”]}],”mendeley”:{“formattedCitation”:”(Delaney)”,”plainTextFormattedCitation”:”(Delaney)”,”previouslyFormattedCitation”:”(Delaney)”},”properties”:{“noteIndex”:0},”schema”:”https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json”}(Delaney).
Work Cited
ADDIN Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Delaney, Tim. “Pop Culture: An Overview.” Philosophy Now, vol. 64, Jan. 2007, pp. 6–7, https://www.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/purchase?openform&fp=philnow&id=philnow_2007_0064_0000_0006_0007.
Gottschall, Jonathan, and Jonathan Gottschall. “The ‘Beauty Myth’ Is No Myth.” Literature, Science, and a New Humanities, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008, pp. 127–55, doi:10.1057/9780230615595_7.
Wolf, Naomi. “The Porn Myth.” New York Magazine, 2009, pp. 1–4.