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Female Genital Mutilation
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Female Genital Mutilation
Female genital mutilation (FGM) represents an ancient type of abuse against women and girls that has been practiced for over a thousand years. While the roots of the practice are unknown, eliminating it will move the globe nearer to gender equality — and eradicating Female Genital Mutilation represents a crucial component of the United Nations’ Global Goal 5, which aims to achieve gender equality by 2030. So, what exactly is Female Genital Mutilation? It represents the Act of partially or completely removing the external female genitalia and any other trauma or injury to the female genital organs committed for non-medical purposes. As part of a global community that seeks to champion the eradication of female genital mutilation in the world, the United States Congress passed the Female Genital Mutilation Act of 1996 (Ezioni, 2021). The aim of the Act, among other things, criminalized female genital mutilation in the country, advocating for public education and sensitization of the effects of female genital mutilation in the community. At the same time, it also sought to champion the eradication and the criminalization of female genital mutilation in the world by imposing sanctions on other nations and communities outside the United States, thus deterring them from practicing Female Genital Mutilation. On whether the country has authority to impose sanctions on another country for practicing female genital mutilation as a religious act, I reason that yes, the country should continue to champion the eradication of female genital mutilation for the following reasons;
First, female genital mutilation is a serious health hazard and dangerous to the life of any girl. When females are cut, they are in danger of bleeding, severe injury, various illnesses, and even death, depending on how severe the bleeding or infection is. This means that Female Genital Mutilation has to lead to the loss of lives of females, which could otherwise have been protected through prevention.
Secondly, Female Genital Mutilation carried out by medical personnel is never safe or advantageous. Female Genital Mutilation may be done by health care practitioners such as community health workers, midwives, nurses, or doctors in some locations. It may even be included in a typical package of newborn girl care for new mothers. Medicalized Female Genital Medication may or may not involve the use of anesthetics or a sterile setting. However, this does not make things safer or helpful for girls. It is still a heinous crime with a slew of significant short- and long-term health consequences — and no medical rationale. Female Genital Mutilation is performed by trained health professionals who violate girls’ and women’s rights and harm them in violation of medical ethics’ core principles.
Given the position where our country is currently in terms of technological advancements, technical workforce capabilities, health technology advancement, or even resource-wise, the United States must take the first position in championing the eradication of Female Genital Mutilation in the world. Therefore, placing economic sanctions or any other form of sanction on other lesser developed countries is warranted because these countries might lack the technical know-how or the resources to finance holistic and comprehensive research on the effect of female genital mutilation. Lacking comprehensive research means that their current stance on female genital mutilation is based on irrelevant data or no data at all.
To make a better world, all decisions must be based on hard data and empirical evidence; relying on religion or technology solely can lead to distorted decision-making processes and poor decisions altogether. But focusing on empirical evidence will ensure that decisions made are based on merits rather than feelings or fanatism.
Work Cited
Etzioni, Limor. “Contemporary Aspects of Female Genital Mutilation Prohibitions in the United States.” Am. UJ Gender Soc. Poly & L. 28 (2019): 39.
https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ajgsp28&div=7&id=&page=. Accessed on 2nd September 2021.
Ford Pinto case analysis
Running Head: Ford Pinto case analysis
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Introduction
Despite the eminent failures by the concerned parties in the Pinto-related accidents to minimize or completely avoid the predicament, Ford Company’s pursuit of financial gains at the expense of consumer safety is a matter of great concern to the public in general. Since the introduction of the subcompact car way back in May1968, lives have been lost and the devastating injuries from the accidents associated with the product’s technological failure continue to rise on every occasion. At the outset, Ford Company designed a car upon recommendation by the then company’s vice-president Lee Iacocca in an attempt to increase the market share. However, the introduction was done in a harried manner thereby raising questions whether satisfactory research was carried out on the feasibility of the technology relative to the cost and benefit of the product as well as its safety to the users.
Stakeholders in the predicament
To begin with, the ineffectiveness of the fuel system design of the Ford subcompact car was eminent in an accident involving the car in May 1972 that caused the death of Lily Gray as well as injuring a thirteen year old Grimshaw. According to the available information, the car which struck Gray’s Pinto was traveling at a lower speed of about thirty miles per hour and that the death and the devastating injury resulted from the fire ignited by the impact. The company had to release approximately six and half million Dollars as compensation for the damages in the accident. In another similar occurrence, three women using Pinto car lost their lives six moths later as a result of fire ignited by the impact upon being struck by an equally slowly driven car. Even though the ethical behavior of the driver in this case is questionable having been found with marijuana, beer bottles and caffeine pills, the speed of the car was relatively low and that the fatalities resulted from the fuel system failure and not direct impact. Furthermore, Pinto car was again involved in an accident on August 10, 1978 where deaths of three people occurred after their car busted into flames upon being struck by another van on the U.S Highway. It is noteworthy that the three teenagers never took precaution while reapplying the gas cap as well as parking on the highway which might have highly precipitated the occurrence of the accident. However, the deaths resulted from the fire ignited as a result of the impact thereby sending a clear message of the defective nature of the Pinto fueling system.
Ethical analysis
The saga that Pinto has found itself in is worrying to the consumers, authorities as well as public in general as it jeopardizes the safety of the users. More importantly, the Ford Company should be more concerned as such incidences tarnish the company’s reputation thereby hindering its performance in the market contrary to enhancement of market share as earlier thought. The lives that have been lost as well as the devastating injuries caused by the failure of the fueling system outmatch the benefits that the company was entitled to enjoy. According to absolutism principle of the ethical analysis, the human beings should not be injured of harmed in any way as a result of implementation of any technology as witnessed in the Pinto saga. Such a perspective has been witnessed in the punitive measures so far implemented by the jury against the Ford Company.
On the other hand, carelessness so far exhibited by the users of the Pinto car such as failure to reapply the gas cap by the teenagers, using stimulants such as caffeine, alcohol while driving as well as poor parking on the roadway are some of the improper behaviors that have precipitated the road accidents with which Pinto is associated.
Utilitarianism is another ethical analysis principle that embraces the legitimacy of some ethical problems as well as ethical conflicts and suggests analysis of such issues based on what is considered to provide greatest benefits to a great number of people. The market share of the Ford Company might have expanded in the early years of Pinto introduction into the market but the problems associated with the technology are immense. Ford Company’s continuous neglect on the evident desire by the public to upgrade its fueling system is an unethical behavior as the company only considers the benefits accruing from the sales of the car and not the safety of the consumers (Mishan, & Quah, 2007).
Cost/Benefit Assessment of Company Actions
The introduction of Pinto into the market boosted the market share for the Ford Company as well as enormously improving sales in the early years hence enhancing a short-term benefit to the Ford Company. However, the problems associated with the product were yet to follow. At the outset, the company was forced to pay $560000 in compensation to the family of Gray following his death as a result of using the defective Pinto car. Moreover, Ford had to settle additional $2.5million compensation fees to Grimshaw in the same accident. Finally, the jury further subjected the company to financial melt-down of $3.5million in punitive compensation resulting from problems caused by the defective Pinto car (Mishan, & Quah, 2007).
Through the Pinto car, Ford Company has been associated with causing of deaths as well as devastating injuries resulting from the failure of the car’s fueling system. So far the deaths of Gray, the three women in Indiana and the three teenagers in addition to the injuries suffered by Grimshaw are losses both to the public and the company. This has an adverse impact on the company reputation.
Conclusion
Advancement in technology is an optimistic development that everyone is willing to be associated with. However, the cost of such developments should be carefully weighed against the expected benefits both in the short and long-term. Introduction of Pinto car into the market was hurriedly executed without proper research and the associated problems have proven to be enormous than expected. The benefits of such technologies become infeasible especially in cases where lives of human beings are lost. According to the absolutism principle, it is unethical to harm human being in the process of implementing certain business measures aimed at benefiting the company.
Reference:
Mishan, E. & Quah, E. (2007). Cost-benefit analysis. 5th Ed. Routledge.
Ford Motors Company Safety and Health Training
Ford Motors Company Safety and Health Training
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Introduction
Occupational health and safety measures are very critical in human resource management. Organizations invest in many ways to ensure that their employees and clients or customers stay away from any danger. The effects of chronic diseases and dangers due to exposure or harm in work should be totally avoided or maximally minimized. The possibility of this depends on the structure and format of the organization. Most organizations treat their employees in such a manner that the employees feel secure and safe in the confines of the company. This in turn increases productivity and profitability as well. Willing employees are more profitable than pressed ones. When the good of employees is first taken into account, they push themselves further freely. One such a company that takes into account the safety and health of employees is Ford Motor Company.
Role of the safety and health department in Ford
In the Ford motor company for instance, a lot of emphasis is put on employee safety and health. A target of no fatalities is set. The target is followed with another one of zero injuries. These are set by a director of occupational health and safety of the same. The director is among the top company management and participates in top executive deliberations. The top executive listens and implements proposals from the director. This makes it easier for the employees of Ford to work freely and engage knowing the board has their back. The fact that there is a department for health and safety of employees at Ford makes it serious. This department raises the safety and health issues of the employees of the company to the executive board. The executive boards looks into the health and safety issues raised with the view of swiftly working on them. The department through its director proposes the best safety measures in the company, takes them to the board and once they are accepted, the department of safety and health ensures the measures are implemented. From a distance, the department sets safety and health policies.
The policies, whose aim is to zero accidents and health problems, form a very strong pillar when dealing with all the Ford operations. Priority is given to the safety of the employees together with the customers who visit. The directorate follows the staff below it to ensure that the policies regarding safety and health are adhered to. In ford, this is a very strong and active department.
The director adds to their role by ensuring that there is quality treatment of chronic diseases and prevention of the same in case they have not affected employees. Measures usually are not enacted and put in place to ensure that the employees’ health is not compromised nor is it at any risk of being compromised. In the event that a sick employee is treated, compensation mechanisms are followed to ensure that all employees seek medical support without fear of inability to afford. This is a wonderful plus from Ford as it encourages the employees to be health. When the employees are not healthy, they are free to seek the same with confidence that the company compensates.
Ford trains employees to work cautiously. Team work is an everyday requirement and employees are required to work together. This way they easily watch over each other and minimize safety breaches. Safety is one of the core components incorporated in the Ford systems operating system. The system ensures that the team builds the operating system integrates safety in the system. Safety is part of the Ford business. When the employees are taught on how to use the systems operating system, they are also taught on how to incorporate safety in all the aspects of the system at all levels of business within the organization. The same is achieved through the alteration of the culture of the Ford workforce to that of unity. Individual employees are trained on how to blend in the team and work as a unit. The unit members of Ford care for each other and look out for each other as well.
The health and safety training is done by the directorate of health and safety department. The employees get information about their security within the organization from the department of health and safety within the same organization. The department is made of qualified health and safety experts. These are professionals in the health and safety matters.
Ford faces challenges in training and implementing all the safety and health measures. One of the challenges is integrating all the employees from all plants to the same safety and health belief. This is to say that Ford works more to ensure that all organizational branches with their many employees do conform to the unit belief. The number of employees involved is huge and the distances to be spanned are also huge. That brings a big challenge in maintaining the same belief and standard of safety. The training takes long and sometimes tricky. Another challenge is that of difference in expectations. Many of Ford’s employees have different expectations from the company. Merging all of them is a big challenge. Some of these expectations are too high while others are too low or too small. Getting to a level where the two categories merge is hard. The same requires a lot of compromises which turn to be risks in terms of security and health.
Conclusion
Employees are the major ingredient in organizational existence. The employees must first exist for the organization to exist. Existence is not final. The wellbeing of employees is important and points to how productive the employees can be. This means that the employees should be able to work without any disruptions and fears. Fears of insecurity are the ones that a company can eliminate. Safety of employees should be guaranteed and assured to them. In case the safety has been breached, the company should be able to demonstrate that it is able to not only handle the same but also handle it well.
Within the Ford Motors Company, the Safety and health department takes care of the employees’ welfare. The department checks on the safety of the employees with an aim of having zero deaths in the job and minimum health problems due to work related issues. This is achieved through trainings, interactions and compensations in the case that one is affected. The director of the safety and health department reports annually to the board on the welfare of the employees. This shows how much the wellbeing of employees is held at the Ford Motors Company