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For testing the effectiveness of SODIS the material that was used were a sola reflector,

Material and Method

For testing the effectiveness of SODIS the material that was used were a sola reflector, 9 clean 500ml PET water bottles, and Versoix River Water from La Batie. The method used to conduct eh experiment is as elaborated bellow.

First, the nine 500 ml PET water bottles were each filled with Versoix River water from La Batie. Each of the bottles was filled up to its ¾ marks and shake for twenty seconds. After the shaking, all the bottles were completely filled and sealed. Then one of the nine bottles was drawn and taken to the lab of for the initial E.Coil count of the raw water sample. The rest of the bottles were able with a number, and a number and a letter as follows; 1. 1F, 2, 2F, 3, 3F, 4, 4F. The numbers indicate the numbers of days the bottle were exposed to sunlight and heat. F stand for the foil, in which the bottles labelled F were wrapped to prevent exposure of its contents from sunlight, but only expose them to the heat. The bottles were drawn in correspondence with the labelled number of days, one at a time from the first day to the fourth day. After the first day of exposure, the bottles labelled 1 and 1F were drawn and taken to the lab for E.Coil analysis. This was repeated on the second day 2 and 2F, on the third day 3 and 3F and the fourth day for 4 and 4F. There were two control treatments. The first control treatment was the water in the first bottle with raw water that was not exposed to sunlight or heat and the second was water without exposure to sunlight but exposure to heat through the solar reflector. They offered a difference from the bottle that were exposed to both the suns UV-A and heat which had the condition necessary for SODIS to work

Results

Observation from the SODIS experiments

On the first day the experiment was conducted outside for 2h 13min (from 12:17pm to 2:30pm.) They sky was cloudy and with light snow furies. There was the sun albeit limited. From 1pm to 1:40 pm, the opening was covered with a cling wrap to prevent to inhibit snow from getting into the sola reflector. The cling wrap was removed after its interior surface steamed. This day had snow furies.

On the second day the experiment was conducted behind glass in a house, since it was snowy outside. It was conducted for 2h 12mins between 12:28pm and 4:40pm. On this day it was snowing and there was no direct sunlight.

On the third day the experiment was conducted behind glass, in a car. From 11am to 1pm, the sky was cloudy and the experiment did not face direct sunlight since the direction of the sun could not be determined. From 1pm to 1:30pm, the sun came out briefly and the experiment was adjusted to face direct sun. At 3:30 the experiment was stopped since it was raining heavily. The whether was cloudy, then sunny and then rainy.

On the fourth day, the experiment was conducted between 12:30 pm to 4: 30pm behind glass in the houses because it was lightly snowy outside. There was a lot of snow on the ground and although it was bright, there was no direct sunlight. The bottle had a brown/green sediment, which was denser than water, but did not adhere to the bottle. This day was snowy.

Lab results

Days   1 & 1F 2 & 2F 3 & 3F 4 & 4F

E.Coli Experiment UFC/100ml 202 95 96 18

Contrôle UFC/100ml 427 418 205 241

EMBED Excel.Chart.8 s

For question one I will use labor racialization; .human capital theory.

For question one I will use labor racialization; 1.human capital theory.

2. Efficiency wage theory.

3. Market segmentation

For question two I will use the last bit, ‘distribution by regional type: 1. Metropolis

2. River basin

3. Market organization

For any firm Contribution of shareholder can’t be put aside

For any firm Contribution of shareholder can’t be put aside, as they take biggest risks than any other group of people by providing fundamental and basic inputs in building and running of any firm. But only increasing shareholder value will be a myopic idea as the incremental value may come at the cost of the other entities.

For example avoiding environmental regulations might give shareholders better return by the way of increased profits. Similarly just to enhance production labor laws can’t be neglected. But these practices can’t be blindly supported by other stakeholders like society and Government. Instead of shareholders, taking stakeholders interests in to the strategy perspective will give us better results. The stakeholder group consists of not only shareholders but also all people directly and indirectly getting affected by the firm’s operations e.g. Buyers, partners, consumers, dealers, vendors, labor, society, Government etc.

Taking long term view of stakeholder’s interest will automatically increase shareholders value.

The goal of strategy is to create sustainable competitive advantage. The management of internal operations, though, involves leadership. What’s the target? Is profitability enough? Or is industry position, such as being the industry leader, the best goal?

ANS-

Target may be explained as certain desirable or wanted number for measurable outcomes. Making target and aspiring to achieve the same increases our focus on the task undertaken.

Profitability is one of the most basis goal without which any business can’t sustain. Sometime profitability is compromised for gaining market share or for maintaining the leadership status. This is especially true for any new venture or for a new product or service line, as the company in question has to win customer’s trust and establish its name in the market. This strategy often helps in demotivating oppositions or for acting as barrier for the new entrants.

But the trade-off between profitability and industry position has time frame attached to it, meaning that without maintain profit a company can’t afford to last for long time. Sooner or later lenders, investors or shareholders will start asking for better returns and then company will be compelled to compromise on its industry status.

So, we can say that the company has to maintain a fine balance between these two.

The goal of strategy is to create sustainable competitive advantage. The management of internal operations, though, involves leadership. What do managers do? What is the goal of management?

Ans-

Managers basically manage the resources for the fulfillment of the company goal in accordance with the set procedures and norms. They act as the main accountable entity for the operation and for achievement of the set target of any company.

The resources are always limited and there proper conversion for the profitability of any company is required. In this activity a manger performs the job of scheduling and planning the activity for achievement of the goal. They have to take care of interest of every group of stakeholders.

The goal of management involves devising best possible way to channelize the valuable resources like capital, HR, machinery and equipments and supply channel to extract profitable proposition to all stakeholders. In this endeavor they are ably supported by the Board of directors and shareholders. By their technical and human skill management team has to plan and it is primarily directly responsible for the long term and short term sustainability.