Recent orders
Federal and state courts
Federal and state courts
Student’s name
Institution affiliation
Courts are avenues where people go to seek justice. The courts serve several functions to the community. Courts settle disputes by providing forums for obtaining justice. Justice is only served when the due process is followed. Courts provide avenues where states can punish suspects, injured people can be heard, and where private entities can seek redress for civil cases. Courts also make public policy decisions. The policies may regard the allocation of limited public resources. For instance, the court system made decisions on economic policies during the Great Depression. The court system has a duty to the state and the public concerning the interpretation of statutes. The supreme court may advise the executive on constitutional matters.
The paper shall focus on the role and structure of the federal and state courts. The word Jurisdiction comes from the Latin words juris which means law and dicere that means to speak which denotes the crucial role of the court system which is the legal authority to hear, pronounce or decide cases. The US constitution gives jurisdiction to this arm of government. There are four primary types of jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction involves the legal authority of the court over an individual. A court acquires this jurisdiction the moment an individual comes into her contact or by being a citizen of the state or through committing an act that violates the state laws. Subject matter jurisdiction refers to the authority conferred to a court to hear and decide on specific types of cases. For example, some courts have jurisdiction over juvenile cases. Geographical jurisdiction refers to the power of courts to hear cases that arise within specified boundaries. The fourth form of jurisdiction is known as hierarchical that defines the functions and responsibilities of the various courts. There is general jurisdiction which gives courts unlimited authority to hear a diversity of cases. Original jurisdiction means the power to hear cases initially. Appellate jurisdiction refers to the power of the court to review the decisions of lower courts.
The US constitution establishes two court systems, the court systems of the fifty states and the federal court systems. The federal court systems consist of three tiers. The district court is the court of original jurisdiction for the federal court system. There are ninety-four federal district courts with a total of 670 federal district judges. The judges therein serve for life pending justification for good behavior. The second tier is the 13 courts of appeal. Eleven of these serve all the fifty states. The jurisdiction of the federal circuit is defined by statutes. The third one is the Supreme Court of the US. The court is the last resort for all federal systems and state cases dealing with federal constitution issues. The decisions of this court are definite and can only be overruled by future Supreme Court decisions or constitutional amendments. The court has independent discretion to decide the case they can hear.
The state courts are the workhouse of the judicial system. The form they take is unique and may be different for each state. However, the typical system consists of four categories. The courts of limited jurisdiction that handle less serious offenses and civil cases. Secondly, the courts of general jurisdiction that handle civil and criminal matters and have original jurisdiction over felony cases. The other two are the intermediate appellate and final appellate courts.
The criminal process takes various stages and begins with either an arrest or a complaint. Before an arrest is made the police must possess an arrest warrant. The suspect is then booked at the police department. The law requires that one is presented in court within twenty-four hours where they make the first appearance where the suspect is informed of their rights, charges, or bail. The next appearance is the preliminary hearing where the judge determines if there is probable cause. Charges are filed either through information from the prosecutor or indictment by a grand jury. This is then followed by arraignment where the defendant enters a plea. The trial involves three parties, the judge, the prosecutor, and the defendant attorneys. The judge gives the final verdict on the case which is subject to appeal by the higher courts.
References
Book review
find a theme that connects two books Othello and Pedro Paramo
Topic: find a theme that connects two books Othello and Pedro Paramo
Student name
Course
Institution
Date
Introduction
Many people in the world are striving hard in order to live lives of full potential and reach the actualization point where one lives a legacy. However, there are so many obstacles to reaching the highest point in life. As a result, majority of people seek to use illegitimate means in order to achieve their dreams. The following discussion will focus on two hypothetical stories which demonstrate the theme of hope and dreams.
Discussion
In both books, there are a number of themes but the one that is common in both is the theme of hope and dreams. This is demonstrated by the main characters one being Iago in Othello and Don Pedro in Pedro Paramo. Both of these young men have high aspirations. This motivates them to use all the means to achieve their objectives regardless of whether they are acceptable in the society or not.
Normally, the society is structured in a way that people have the impression that people, who are successful in terms of the material wealth and power, are highly respected and this boosts their self-esteem. As a result, people employ carious ways in order to achieve these goals that are highly regarded in the society.
The theme of hope and dreams is demonstrated in the story of Pedro Paramo where Pedro has fallen in love with a lady by the name of Susan. It happens that she does not reciprocate the same kind of feelings that he has for her but this does not stop him from pursuing her. Apparently, Susan was ailing but he did not despair. However, he seemed to have ill feelings concerning her father when he says, ‘I wish he dies in the mines’ (74-75). This demonstrates the fact that Susan’s father was also one of the obstacle’s to Pedro’s dream. Later on, he does not get to marry her as she dies after ailing for a long time. This is when his dream comes to an end.
On the other hand, Iago also demonstrates this theme in his endeavor to become great leader. He is said to have been a soldier under Othello. He had a colleague by the name of Cassio who apparently gets promoted to the post of a lieutenant a decision that Iago despises. He is a man who is hungry for power and recognition and seeks to use all means to reclaim that.
One of the ways that he seeks to use are the ones that destroys Cassio’s reputation so that he is demoted. This is compared with the same feelings that Pedro had for Susan’s father. This is shown when he says, ‘I will make him drink more from this cup’ (2.67). In achieving his dreams and aspirations, he is not limited by the legitimate means that are there. He succeeded in making Cassio lose Othello’s favor when he was involved in a fight after he became drunk. However, after this scenario, he still did not get the to replace Cassio as a lieutenant, but this did not kill his dream as he continued to device other new means until he destroyed him completely.
The similarity found in both stories is that just as Pedro did not get to marry Susan, Iago also did not get to achieve his dream. However, in both stories, the characters demonstrate the theme of hope and dreams though they seek to use corrupt means.
Conclusion
People who seek to use unjust means to reach their dreams and aspirations tumble along their way. Nature has a way of ensuring that they do not go away unpunished. Both stories demonstrate optimism but also the ill motives that were dominant in the character’s heart causing them not to achieve their hopes and dreams.
Find A Newspaper Article That Converts Measurement At Some Point In The Article
Find A Newspaper Article That Converts Measurement At Some Point In The Article. Show The Calucatlation That Are Neaded To Convert The Measurement And Indicate Weather The Publisghed Reslts Appear Tio Have Been Calucatedm Correctly.
The published results in the article have beeen calculated corectly, however, the results is wrong. The wrong results can be attributed to the fact that the article final steps in the question have been concantated.ths means the there are section of the conversion factors that were left out for the ease of conversion. This was done to enable the conversion have an easy time converting the final result (Kreswell, 2002).
Write areport about kelvin, fahrenheit, and celcius temperature scales why each is used and why we have a diferent temperature scales.be sure to include how these diferentr systems affect the values of the community and respect.
Fahrenheit is majorly used for recording the surface temperatures measurement. This is mainly used in the US by meteorologists. However, a large portion of the world’s population is conversant with the use of Celsius which was initially developed in the 17th century. This forces the meteorologists to convert the measurement to a standard unit that can be used by everyone. This involves the conversion from Fahrenheit to degree Celsius. Kelvin is mainly used in scientific experiments, and is also applicable in scientific calculators as it starts from the absolute zero,
Celsius to Kelvin: K= ͦᴄ+273
Kelvin, fahrenheit and celcius are the main conversion and measutrements units for temperature. However, they very in the values used based on the conversion factors used. However, these names are just compledx and may scare people, the conversion process need not be that complicated. For example to convert fahrenheit to celcius, one can start be deducting 32 from the fahrenheit termaprature, to get the conversion factor than multiply the reulting figure by 5 and finaly devide the result by a value such as 9 to derive the celcuius temperature.
On the other hand, one can easily get the Fahrenheit temperature from the Celsius temperature by first multiplying the Celsius temperature by a figure such as 9, and then resulting figure is divided by 5. And finally the result after the operation is added to 32to get the Fahrenheit temperature required.
degrees Celsius (oC) HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Text.1
degrees Fahrenheit (of) HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Text.1
Kelvin (K) HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Text.1
degrees Reaumur HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Text.1
These values changes the way people reason, for example, if one qouted the fahrenheit outside the americas, it will be a new concept and many are not conversent with it. Additionaly. The fahrenheit is not widely used (Kreswell, 2002).
Compare and contrast metric and english measyrement systems. Also include, where each iusn used and why we have difFerent measurememt systems. What reason might e given for continuing to use the the english systems
Compare
The two systems are both used for measuring volume, distance, mass, and temperature. They are both accurate with negligible variation.
Contrast
The metric system is much easier tom use as it is specific to a unit for example volume, for capacity. The English system is complicated as one unit can be used to refer to number of measurement. For example, the ounce can be used to refer to volume, quart or pounds.
Relevance of English measurement
The English measurement will only be used a different measures especially when we want to have a single unit for measuring many values. However, it is rather illogical.
Compare and contrast conversion in linear measurement, area and volume measurement.
Compare
Linear measurement is used to measure the displacement in straight line
Area measurement- refers to the amount of space covered by a plane.
While volume is three dimensional space enclosed by a border line
Contrast
measurement formula Si unit
area Length X width unit²
volume Length X width X height Unit 3
Length displacement unit
Write a paper why every measurement has two parts
All measurement has two parts, for example every measurement has the numerical part which is also referred to as the factor and the other part is the dimension also called the unity. This is useful for showing what is measured and the quantity measured. For example: 2 meters. Two is the factor, meters is the unit of measurement.
References
Kreswell. J. (2002), Operation Research, A Gentle Introduction. NY Sage