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Fighting terrorism in PLS
PLS
Every battle or war usually has its own strategy. We must always understand and appreciate the fact that the War on Terror is a different kind of war not only of arms but ideas too. In fighting terrorism we understand that we not only protect lives but also “promote freedom and human dignity” (NSCT).
The strategies that are therefore employed must not only focus on domestic counter terrorism efforts but extend to a world wide scope. So in order to prevent large scale terrorist attacks on the United States, these are some of the recommendations that should be considered:
Funding
There is no terrorist organization that can function without a mode of financing. This is the core and basic heartbeat for the terrorists as it facilitates training, purchases of equipment and even settling sleepers within the territory. Cutting down these finances by setting up stringent regulations that will effectively protect the financial systems and cut the flow of funds to terrorists such as reporting suspicious accounts and transactions would go a long way. Among such mechanisms would be to use the Executive Order 13224, the Patriot Act Section 311 and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267.
Assisting Friendly Governments
A lot of states depend on America for most things. This is as a consequence of the nation’s position in many things that have made it a ‘watchdog’ of sorts. The quest of fighting terrorism cannot therefore be America’s responsibility alone. In such endeavors, there will always be friendly governments that are willing to join in the fight against terrorism. In order to minimize and ultimately end these jihadist groups it would be a good strategy to help these friendly governments in fighting their own jihadist groups wherever, and whenever they may be.
Reducing State Support for Terrorist Groups.
In as much as there are countries that have joined the fight against terrorism, on the contra, there are countries that have regimes that have facilitated and sponsored terrorism against the United States. It is within the policies of America to utilize a combination of National and International incentives and sanctions be they political and/or economic to arm-twist such individual states to cooperate in the War on Terror. This is regardless as to whether the groups are from within such countries or without but just using the country. These states include Syria and Iran.
Advancing Effective Democracy
Although the above strategies may be effective, they are all good for the short term prevention of the terrorist attacks. That is not to say that their effect may not ultimately be long term. However, in order to win this war, it is mandatory that America strives to inculcate and advance a principle of freedom and human dignity and promote democracy. It is well noted that efficient democracies eventually promote good governance and the rules of law and natural justice and thus maintain order and advance the will of the people. As long as there are no extremists in the world, there could never be large scale terrorist attacks. Thus comes the battle of ideas.
Impeding Recruitment.
As long as there is a supply of jihadist recruits or other extremist groups, there will always be terrorist aattacks. In order to curtail this, the United States will have to capture and prosecute publicly such terrorists without making them appaer like martyrs, disrupt the avenues of recrutiment and involve Islamic scholars in weakening the theological justifications of the use of violence. In doing this, there will be nothing captivating about joining the groups and therefore no new recruits.
Our Achilles Heel
Technology
Technology has come with its magic and advantages. It has also advanced the skill of the modern terrorist and as such the networks are more decentralized and dispersed n various places all over the world. It has therefore become very difficult to pinpoint a terrorist base and attack it honestly without causing international outcry.
Even though we have substantially improved and protected our bases, land, sea, air and borders, we are still not immune from attacks that may come from within as sleepers can now communicate and receive commands easily.
Implementation of Reports
Our nation is well known for serious political under dealings in order for the people on the Hill to survive politically. This in essence impedes the implementation of the several proposals and recommendations that have been put forward to thwart the efforts of terrorists.
References
National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (2006)
Davis, L. E., Sisson M. W. (2009). A Strategic Planning Approach: Defining Alternative Counterterrorism Strategies. RAND Corporation
Fashion Industry Logistics And Its Environmental Impacts
Fashion Industry Logistics And Its Environmental Impacts
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Fashion Industry logistics and Its Environmental Impacts
Solistica, (2020), Describes Logistics as not being known for high levels of sustainability, the logistics part of the fashion industry is also a grey area in ecological soundness. Straight from packaging to the transport systems used are not environmentally friendly. The commercial activity of transporting clothes from the source to the customer involves the use of cargo ships, planes, and trucks which are environmental pollutants. The prime concern is the pollution of the atmosphere and water through emissions by vessels used in the transportation of clothes. This essay not only gives evidence-based knowledge on the environmental impacts of the fashion industry’s logistics operations but also provides ways through which these effects can be mitigated.
Dangers Posed by the Logistics Operations to The Environment
Before hopping onto the transport system used, The packaging of clothes is also a huge environmental hazard. As cited by Marshal (2018), the packaging our clothes are contained and sold in contributes largely to the physical pollution around the planet. Clothes after manufacture are each put in separate polythene bags to prevent dirt and moisture and are further put into larger polythene cases in bales. When they get to the retailer and then to the customer the wrappings are removed and are not recyclable. Polythene is a non-biodegradable material and leads to a lot of environmental pollution, the longer and more extensive use of polythene packaging of clothes the more environmental pollution.
The bales are also transported on wooden pallets. These pallets are made of wood as raw material and once they are used they are not reused nor recycled for transportation instead they are disposed of as they get exposed to moisture and air they get ruined. This means that the pallets used during loading the clothes are a product of deforestation. The more the pallets get used the more trees get cut down meaning more environmental degradation.
Transport vehicles emit greenhouse gases which are catastrophic to the environment. According to research done by Map Transport SA, MTSA (2018), Transport and road traffic, in particular, produce fine particles that pollute the outside air. The pollution into the air by these gases is not only dangerous but also a hazard to human life as they are carcinogenic and they diminish the quality of the air (MTSA, 2018). The pollution is also experienced in the oceans as well as clothes are imported from overseas. They are a hazard to aquatic life and kill aquatic life.
A continuing trend in unsustainable Logistics.
Certain trends in the supply chain facilitate the growth in Environmental pollution. One, the carbon emission through the vessels of transportation of clothes is on a high and keeps rising. Growth of demand and technological advancement has led to an increase in production and demand for clothes. This has created a larger need for advanced and intensive supply chain operations. Developments made in technology, mass consumption, and shortening product life cycles have boosted production and led to new concepts in logistics within the fashion industry, (Choi 2015). Growth and expansion in the supply chain mean more activity and involvement of transport vehicles.
Growth in the industry and globalization of the industry is growing and this imposes an increase in empty miles covered. His simply means that more vehicles travel to deliver the clothes and return empty. Often vehicles return empty after delivering materials and this trend means more carbon emission which is unnecessary. This is a form of unsustainable supply chain management that causes more pollution and is also costly for the company involved in the logistics as the unnecessary movement of vehicles is not tracked and mitigations are not put in place.
Constant demand and improper measures in dealing with demand lead to low maximization of loads. This lack maximization of loads per travel is not regulated meaning many purchases are being made causing more transportation to be used at a given time. This again leads to more carbon emission by the transport vehicles by the hour.
High consumption of Energy
The use of vehicles amounts to large consumption of global energy which is a major environmental concern. Transportation currently amounts to half the global consumption of oil and almost 20% of the global consumption of energy and close to 40% is related to urban transportation ( Solistica, 2020). This is concerning the growing trends in the fashion industry and technological advancements such as the introduction of online shopping which contributed to the rise in need of effective transportation could increase the energy consumption by transport vehicles globally.
Mitigation measures to be put in place
These environmental effects presented by transport logistics in the cloth industries can be reduced by applying green logistics as well as using reverse logistics programs.
Green Logistics. These are policies that champion alternative routes to logistics transportation systems and the implementation of mechanisms that reduce environmental pollution. the configuration of processes, structures, systems, and equipment used in the transportation, distribution, and warehousing of goods, (Solistica, 2020).
Making Sustainable Supply Chain Management implementations; This can be achieved by reducing cost and maximizing efficiency through the following ways; optimizing routes, tracking empty miles, maximizing product loads per shipment, using plastic pallets to make transportation more sustainable, and reducing the need for wooden pallets hence reducing the stress of using timber.
Implementing Reverse Logistics. Reverse logistics is a type of supply chain that moves goods from customers back to the sellers or manufacturers. Once a customer receives a product, processes such as returns or recycling require reverse logistics (Jenkins 2021). This means making the clothes more recyclable and take back to the manufacturer for more processing. This reduces the environmental stress the industry has by reducing the amount of raw material, reducing the product cost and process, and also acts as a means of sustainable supply chain management.
A company like Adidas launched a Reverse Logistics program in Brazil influenced by the issue of environmental degradation (Choi, 2015). This plan is effective in reducing the impact of the fashion and clothing industry on the environment by offering a sustainable option to low consumption of raw material and advanced implementation of product recyclability.
Conclusion
The fashion industry presents a lot of environmental issues when it comes to ecological sustainability in its logistics department and this inherently becomes one disadvantage in managing the industry. The logistics operations of the industry cause major environmental hazards but these can be mitigated by implementing sustainable supply chain management.
References
Choi, T. (2015). Springer series in Supply Chain Management. (n.d.). http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/33771/1/162.Tsan-Ming%20Choi.pdf.
Marshal D. (2018). How The Textile Supply Chain is Harming The Environment. Immago. https://immago.com/textile-supply-chain-harming-environment/Solistica (2020). How Does Logistics Help The Environment. Solistica. https://blog.solistica.com/en/how-does-logistics-help-the-environmentJenkins A. (2021). A Guide to Reverse Logistics: How It Works, Types and Strategies. Oracle. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/inventory-management/reverse-logistics.shtml
SA, M. A. P. T. (2018, September 3). The environmental impacts in Logistics Transportation. MAP Transport S.A.
https://maptransport.com/en/2018/09/03/the-environmental-impacts-in-logistics-transportation/#:~:text=The%20logistics%20transportation%20emits%20high,that%20pollute%20the%20outside%20air.&text=These%20pollutants%20due%20to%20road,water%20reserves%20of%20the%20planet.
Fighting sexual immorality among married couples in the Luo community
Fighting sexual immorality among married couples in the Luo community
Introduction
Most world religions have sought to address the moral issues that arise from people’s sexuality in society and in human interactions. Each major religion has developed HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_code” o “Moral code” moral codes covering issues of HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality” o “Human sexuality” sexuality, HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality” o “Morality” morality, HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics” o “Ethics” ethics etc. Though these moral codes do not address issues of sexuality directly, they seek to regulate the situations which can give rise to sexual interest and to influence people’s HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexual_activities” o “Human sexual activities” sexual activities and practices. Sexual morality has varied greatly over time and between cultures. A society’s HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_norm” o “Sexual norm” sexual norms — standards of sexual conduct — can be linked to HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion” o “Religion” religious beliefs, or social and environmental conditions, or all of these. Sexuality and reproduction are fundamental elements in human interaction and society worldwide.
Furthermore, “sexual restrictions” is one of the universals of culture peculiar to all human societies. Accordingly, most religions have seen a need to address the question of a “proper” role for sexuality in human interactions. Different religions have different codes of sexual morality, which regulate HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_activity” o “Sexual activity” sexual activity or assign normative values to certain sexually charged actions or thoughts.
The Bible is no stranger to the sin of ‘sexual immorality’ and it addresses such sin in no uncertain terms. When the apostle Paul wrote about sexual immorality he did not write about a sin that had arisen in, or was typical of, New Testament times. From the very moment man fell into sin “every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually” (Genesis 6:5). Through his fall all man’s intentions and thoughts, also pertaining to matters sexual, became as evil and depraved as they did in relation to any other area of life. Since man’s depravity was total from the outset, all that he as unregenerate sinner was capable of was to express his depravity through his thoughts, words and deeds. By means of His Law God would have man know the sins by which he expresses his depravity and how he is to abstain from all such expression.
‘Sexual immorality’ is a comprehensive term for various sexual transgressions. Scripture is our only reliable source to teach us what constitutes sexual sin. When Paul used the term ‘sexual immorality’ in 1 Corinthians 7:2, he meant all sexual activity which God Himself calls immoral. Paul gives some indication of what the Lord considers immoral by his inspired words of the previous chapter. In 1 Corinthians 6:9 Paul mentions five transgressions that belong to the category of the immoral. He writes: “Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived. Neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor homosexuals, nor sodomites … will inherit the kingdom of God.”
From the biblical point of view, sexual immorality amongst married couples comprises of not only fornication but also lesbianism, prostitution and sex with animals. Sexual immorality among married couples in the Luo community usually assumes the following forms; prostitution, polygamy and wife inheritance.
Definition of terms
Prostitution refers to the act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman
Wife inheritance refers to the act of taking over a widow after the husband dies.
Polygamy is also called plural marriage and it refers to the condition or practice of having more than one spouse at one time.
The Luo community has suffered devastating effects as a result of these two practices. In particular, the rate of HIV infection in the region is abnormally high and this has culminated in incidences of orphans. In addition, trends indicate that incidences of divorce are very high in the region and in general, the family unit is threatened. Polygamy is a culturally accepted practice amongst this community and likewise, it has had devastating effects on the family.
Prostitution amongst married couples of the Luo community has been perpetuated by the poverty and the proximity of the Kisumu town. Lack of vital resources for existence has made some members of the community to resort to prostitution in order to provide for their economic needs (Letty, 1996). Basically, married couples and especially women have resorted to prostitution when their partners go for long periods of time to work in distant towns like Nairobi. This has had adverse effects on the family unit as in some instances it has led to divorce. Further, it can be implicated for the rise in incidences of HIV and AIDS. This can be addressed by enhancing faithfulness amongst couples in the region. In addition, it would be advisable for the couples to stay together instead of living in different tons. This would ensure that the sexual needs of each partner are catered for accordingly. In cases where it is impossible to live together, couples need to visit each other regularly. Most important, there is need to uphold Christian values that provide guidance with respect to sexual behavior.
Wife inheritance is a common cultural practice amongst the Luo community. Whenever the husband dies, the woman is expected to choose an inheritor or in some cases, the clan chooses one for her. This is usually done to provide security for the widow and enhance procreation. The inheritor is also expected to provide for the economic needs of the widower. I instances where the husband died of AIDS, this practice has led to the spread of the disease that has compromised the quality of life in the region. This practice need to be eliminated from the society because it is not only demeaning but also has devastating effects. This can be attained through education and awareness creation about the impacts of the practice.
Finally, polygamy is a cultural practice that has also had detrimental effects on the family unit (Shishanya, 1998) . Women usually resort to this whenever they lack suitors or have children outside marriage. They are also lured in to this arrangement by the need for economic security in instances where they are very poor. This has culminated in the spread of HIV and AIDs whenever one partner gets infected. In addition, it has increased the levels of poverty as in some cases, men lack sufficient resources to cater for the high number of children that they have from these marriages. This can be stopped through education and awareness creation. In addition, it would be imperative to economically empower the population through diversification of livelihood in order to address the root causes of poverty.
References
Shisanya, A. (1998). Conflict in Marriage: Socio Economic implications for women in Kenya. A paper presented to the circle of concerned African women theologians, Nairobi.
Letty M. (1996). Russel discussing spirituality, struggle and cultural violence in Women Resisting Violence, ed. Mary C. Grey. New York: Orbis