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Hydroelectric power
Subject
Students Name
Institution of Affiliation
Date
Hydroelectric power
Hydroelectric power is the most commonly used type of energy around the globe. The main reason why it is widely used is that it is cheaper and readily available. It can be used to run a variety of electric machines due to its high voltage. Hydropower generates electricity and has multiple advantages over the other power producing methods.
Pros
One of the main advantages of hydroelectricity is that it is a renewable source of energy as it uses the power generated by running water, and thus does not pollute the environment. The use of water implies that the quantity of electricity does not reduce, making the production of electricity a continuous process (Bildirici & Gökmenoğlu, 2017). The use of hydroelectricity ensures a steady flow of energy and therefore provides stability in prices. River water is a domestic resource that flows daily, unlike natural gas or fuel, the resource cannot be depleted and is available naturally, and there is no price needed to tap the water.
Hydroelectricity helps in fighting climatic changes (Yüksel, 2010). The life cycles of the hydropower produce minimal greenhouse gases, and this makes it a green source of power that has a minimal environmental impact. Besides fighting climatic change, hydroelectricity improves the air, making it better for inhalation. The hydroelectric power plants do not release pollutants into the air, and the process of generating electricity has by-products that are not toxic.
Cons
Hydroelectricity despite having numerous advantages has disadvantages as well. Hydropower does not pollute the environment, but this does not imply that it does not have negative environmental impacts. The hydropower facilities affect the environment in that it destroys the original habitats, displaces people from their homes and affect land use (Abbasi & Abbasi, 2000). The reservoirs to which the dams are created covers the homes and habitats initially inhabited by people and animals leading to their displacement.
The construction of the reservoirs is accompanied by the derailing of the rivers to facilitate its construction. The derailing of the rivers the water quality of the streams. Besides, the operation of the hydroelectric power plant tends to alter the temperature of the water and the flow of the river (Fantin-Cruz et al. 2016). The alteration of water may have adverse effects on the native plants as well as the animals both in land and river. Apart from altering the quality of water, hydroelectric facilities such as the reservoirs destroy the original wildlife habitat as the power plants can result to a loss, or a further modification of the aquatic habitats such as that of fish and this can lead to the restriction as well as the entrapment of fish in their passages.
Effectiveness during natural disasters such as floods
Hydroelectricity requires more water to turn the turbines so that enough energy is produced. Low amount of water provides low energy to turn on the turbines, and this means that low power will be produced. However, in the event of floods, hydropower becomes more efficient in that the reservoirs will have enough water that is capable of generating enough strength to turn the turbines. The amount of electricity produced during floods will be higher and more consistent. Therefore, flooding favors the production of electricity as a renewable source.
However, in the time of flooding, numerous activities happen in the environment that may pose a threat to the production of electricity such as soil erosion and falling of trees that may damage the electric poles and cables. It takes stronger floods to disrupt the transmission of electricity to the points of use. Floods accompanied by massive winds are more dangerous and requires the closure of the power gauges to reduce the impact of electric shocks. Floods alone cannot alter the production of electricity as only the strength of propelling the turbines has been added. Hydropower, therefore, is more resilient compared to other sources of renewable energy. In the event of energy disruption, the potential cost is minimal as it requires the replacement of the damaged poles and cables.
References
Abbasi, S. A., & Abbasi, N. (2000). The likely adverse environmental impacts of renewable energy sources. Applied Energy, 65(1-4), 121-144.
Bildirici, M. E., & Gökmenoğlu, S. M. (2017). Environmental pollution, hydropower energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from G7 countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75, 68-85.
Fantin-Cruz, I., Pedrollo, O., Girard, P., Zeilhofer, P., & Hamilton, S. K. (2016). Changes in river water quality caused by a diversion hydropower dam bordering the Pantanal floodplain. Hydrobiologia, 768(1), 223-238.
Yüksel, I. (2010). Hydropower for sustainable water and energy development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(1), 462-469.
Family care in Hospice
Family care in Hospice
Name
Institution
Family care in Hospice
Introduction
Hospice care is a special kind of care accorded to patients suffering from terminal illnesses as well as those who are chronically ill. It is also a philosophy of care provision that is ardent on alleviating pain and suffering by providing medical and health care as well as fully satisfying their spiritual and emotional needs. The modern hospice movement rose to actualization through the efforts of Dame Cicely Saunders, a British registered nurse who had pursued a career in medical social work and her experience with a Polish refugee enlightened her on matters concerning the care that terminally ill patients required. Saunders was of the opinion that in attending to chronically ill patients who are faced with death in a very short period of time; it was of crucial essence that care givers focus on the patient rather than the disease. This approach was inclusive of taking care of the patient’s spiritual and psychological needs as well as the physical aspect which was the key concern of the hospice care. The hospice setting also took care of the concerns of the family members as they were largely involved in the process of taking care of their ill family members, mainly by openly talking about death and being prepared for it with regards to the health conditions of the patients (Matzo & Sherman, 2010).
Rationale for choosing topic
The rationale used in choosing the topic is basically the fact that hospice care has grown to be a facility that is essential to a large part of our population. The topic on family care in hospice is crucial to society in the present day more than it has been in past time. This has been largely due to the tremendous increment in the number of diseases and illnesses that present a patient with pains, symptoms and conditions that are terminal. In the past years, most of the patient cases places under hospice were a product of the minimal number of terminal illnesses, which are prevalent within the population. Also some patient came due to the need of most family members to take care of their ill family members. All this has changed with the number of disease affecting the population increasing immensely and also a difference in the attitude of family members. In the present day and age, very few persons are willing to leave their careers and professional to offer home based care for ill family members (Nordenfelt, 2009). This has therefore contributed largely to the continued importance and growth of palliative care in society (Shearer, 2010).
Goal and Objectives
The main goal for family care in hospice is provide compassionate care to dying patients as well as helping the patient’s family members cope with their loved ones condition as well as be ready for what may happen to their patient at any point in time. In the founding of hospice care, there are three key objectives that cater for the patient as well as the family members. One of the objectives of the hospice palliative care is to alleviate the pains of the patient by medically handling the symptoms as well as managing the fears and anxieties of the dying persons. This is very necessary because for most terminally ill persons, there is more fear for continued pain than death hence the care providers have to be keen on that. Another objective is that of ensuring that death comes naturally to the patients no matter what. This therefore means that in hospice care, life support machines are not used because the aim of this case since their aim is to ensure that the terminally ill patients receives the best of life before death rather than prolonging life. The third objective for family care in hospice is to provide a holistic and compassionate care which ensures patients die with dignity. The three intentions are significant since they serve both the patients and their family members (Wright, 2010).
Bloom’s taxonomy and Evaluation method
Bloom’s taxonomy is a term used to denote a framework classification of educational goals. It is a collection of goals and objectives that are indispensable to both the instructor and the learners or students. The taxonomy is divided into three main domains which are: affective, cognitive and the psychomotor. For the cognitive sphere, there is focus on mental skills that are responsible for knowledge, comprehension as well as critical thinking with regards to any particular topic or area of study. It focuses on knowing and understanding of concepts, analysing and synthesising the facts and ultimately applying them when handling a situation followed by evaluation of the whole process after results have been attained. Skills in the affective domain are inclined more to the feelings and emotional areas and is inclusive of abilities such as receiving and responding to stimulus in the learning process, attaching value to knowledge acquired and finally organizing and characterising of the knowledge in a way that it becomes influential to one’s character and personality. For the psychomotor domain, there is emphasis on manual and a physical skill such as perception, which is refers to the use of sensory cues to guide motor activity. Other skills include the set readiness to act, the guided response, the mechanism and ultimately the adaptation of skills to suit the special requirements.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it should be noted that Bloom’s taxonomy is key in many educational philosophies and is very effective as it focuses on skills learnt and acquired rather than content given by tutors and instructors. It is a crucial tool in teaching that helps in assessing and evaluating students and ensuring all skills as mentioned are exercised in the student’s course of learning. The future for hospice is one that is full of promise owing to the much support governments as well as the World Health Organisation has accorded this sector. It is also of essence that society be enlightened on the importance of the care philosophy and the services that it can offer to our society in a bid to make it better. The study of this topic in accordance to the Bloom taxonomy ensures that study objectives are met after learners acquire and comprehend the knowledge given. It is an evaluation tool that is effective in pushing learners to go beyond just reading and understanding but more into analysing situations and knowing how best to handle them in future (Wong, 2012).
References
Matzo, M., & Sherman, D. W. (2010). Palliative care nursing: Quality care to the end of life. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
Nordenfelt, L. (2009). Dignity in care for older people. Chichester, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell.
Shearer, T. S. (2011). Palliative medicine and hospice care. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
Wong, L. (2012). Essential study skills. Australia: Wadsworth Cenage Learning.
Wright, M. (2010). Hospice and palliative care in Southeast Asia: A review of developments and challenges in Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hwang, David Henry, and John Louis DiGaetani. “‘M. Butterfly’
Britney Lee
Professor Bei
English 1302, Period 4
17 February 2020
Annotated Bibliography
Hwang, David Henry, and John Louis DiGaetani. “‘M. Butterfly’: An Interview with David Henry Hwang.” TDR (1988-), vol. 33, no. 3, 1989, pp. 141–153. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1145993. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
The author Hwang is being interviewed about his play. discussing how and why he was encouraged to write about this topic that he describes as the “exotic east”. A big theme that is presented in the play is the existential question of being gay, since the main character, a man, has an affair with a Chinese woman that eventually turns out to be a man. In a way, it is argued that throughout the play the main character knew he was having an affair with a man. In addition, Hwang and DiGaetani discussed how cultural thoughts are brought about by what makes a man gay. Lastly, to close out the interview Hwang emphasizes on the Chinese working classes and how they apply to the life of people because all working classes have different values to individuals. These different classes Hwang discusses with Louis makes a clearer purpose for readers to understand why the play consists of “East vs. West” and why it’s an important factor in the play.
The interview with David Hwang can be applied in my research paper because I’ll be discussing the use of stereotypes in M. Butterfly. This interview deeply explains the background history of why Hwang’s play has a major influence on Orientalism. DiGaetani interviewing Hwang and getting him to share the history of the play allows readers to step inside the mindset of Hwang and fully understand the customs he utilizes. Therefore with this article, I can have a paragraph discussing the stereotypes of “East vs. West” and why it has a major role in this play.
Kondo, Dorinne K. “‘M. Butterfly’: Orientalism, Gender, and a Critique of Essentialist Identity.” Cultural Critique, no. 16, 1990, pp. 5–29. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1354343. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
The author, Hwang wrote this play intending to challenge out definitions of truth and how a person decides for themselves what is true and what isn’t true. In accordance, to what one wants to hear and see. It also targets the topic of how gender is projected toward geography, meaning that different genders in different regions (east/west) have different powers and responsibilities. The plot has an important point in Act 2, where Butterfly is waiting for her husband’s return, but during her period of waiting she has a child that only her maid knows about. She is in refusal and believes that her husband will indeed return. Due to this Butterfly decided to let go of her culture and pretend to be an American, while it eventually leads to her doom. This is a message that one should be themselves because deception does not always work.
In M. Butterfly’: Orientalism, Gender, and a Critique of Essentialist Identity, readers are given the mindset that women can be easily negatively manipulated by men. Kondo’s interpretation when dissecting Hwang’s play is towards the common features of gender and orientalism, however, it flips when Act 2 approaches. My research paper can reflect this stereotype see in Kondo’s article due to the fact it will be revolving around the stereotypes that can be seen in Hwang’s play M. Butterfly. Kondo basically talks on how the play portrays a powerful and persuasive stereotype of gender and race. Women play a certain role in each culture and this article attempts to point out which characteristics each culture has and how one can affect the other. Which then can ease into my paper about stereotypes and give insight for readers to further understand M.Butterfly with support from Kondo’s argument .
Saal, Ilka. “Performance and Perception: Gender, Sexuality, and Culture in David Henry Hwang’s ‘M. Butterfly.’” Amerikastudien / American Studies, vol. 43, no. 4, 1998, pp. 629–644. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41157422. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
In Saal’s article, she explains how Hwang uses sexuality in the play to explain the foundation of western culture and how things aren’t what they seem to be. Saal explains this in a way of deception since there is always a secret agenda in what people do. The encounter between the east and west and colonialism is evident because the American man (Gallimard) meets the Asian woman (Song) and easily seduces him. There is also the patriarchy factor in the play since the man can easily tell the woman what to do and get her to essentially leave her culture behind. This represents how colonialism gets the men to destroy another culture to grow their own. The way Mr. Gilliard is manipulated to spill what he knows is interesting and shows the weaknesses of men. A man has desires whether they be homosexual or not and through seduction he is tempted to reveal what he knows because he believes it will get him what he wants in the end.
Saal reveals how in M.Butterfly general stereotypes are reversed and creates confusion in the play for readers. Hwang show’s how a “woman” can seduce a man rather than being the typical way everyone is used to. In addition, how a “woman” becomes more powerful than the man and gets the man to basically fall under her wing. This can be used in my research paper because throughout the play Hwang’s play revolves around the construction of stereotypes of gender and culture by the relationship between Gallimard and Song. In addition, Hwang messes around with the concepts of man vs. women and East vs. West throughout the play by throwing out different ways they affect each other. These concepts can help support my essay by adding detail into the paragraph about East vs. West, but in addition form a new paragraph examining how these stereotypes affected the play.
Shimakawa, Karen. “‘Who’s to Say?” or, Making Space for Gender and Ethnicity in ‘M. Butterfly.’” Theatre Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, 1993, pp. 349–362. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3208359. Accessed 19 Feb. 2020.
Shimakawa attempts to explain the thin line between the different themes in the play such as gay vs. straight, the roles of ethnicity, and how these characteristics affect the actions of the characters. Mr. Gallimard is initially attracted to Song because he senses danger in “her” as she keeps the mystery between them by not letting him in there too fast and warms him that there are differences between them. The original set of the play has a long-tipped ramp throughout the whole stage, which is supposed to close the gap between the different spaces in the play, such as the clash of east vs. west and male vs. female. Shimakawa also explains the cultural aspect of how Asian women are “supposed” to act touched because they should, according to the culture be “willing to sacrifice themselves for the love of a man.” Song does this well in her seduction of Gallimard since she puts herself out there and then captivates him with everything she does, putting him first.
Shimakawa’s article can be utilized in my paper due to the fact it overviews the stereotypes that portray the role of women throughout M. Butterfly. Shimakawa discusses how Asian women are to act upon their culture, which can be seen with Song towards Gallimard. Hwang having Song inherit the cultural aspects of an Asian woman, while Song being a man underlines the fact of how Song was a woman to readers in the beginning. This idea twisting the reader’s brain can be used in the paper because it reveals how one simple thing can mess with another person as in this case when Song comes out to be a spy landing Gallimard into jail.