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Hunter Case

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Hunter Case

In the United States, no law is made for the recognition and appraisal of a foreign judgment. Therefore it becomes very difficult for any court just to accept the judgment of another country without proper and strict scrutiny of the factors and issues in place at that time. In the United States, this scrutiny is mainly done by the state courts and if a decision by an external court is found to be worthy of upholding then it remains that the decision made by the court in the other country becomes the decision also of the American court.

In the case of BP Exploration Co in Libya v Hunt, the American system upheld the decision of the British judges that the contract was frustrated in 1971 and therefore there was a need to pay BP exploration an amount of up to $35.4m. This proves that the law is must be obeyed every time. Even though there were many deliberations and discussions as always happen when two countries and two judicial systems are involved in the decision making about a certain issue for a company or an individual the final judgment which comes out should always be reasonable and just. This is the work of the court judicial system. In addition to the international and laws from other countries, some states in the united states have developed a way to deal with these issues since laws are always not uniform and therefore the system is supposed to interpret them, look at all the variables, and with wise decision making get to know if according to the united states laws and international law the judgment was correct just like in the case of Hunt.

Works Cited

Elias, C. A. C., & Granted, A. I. 3 ITALY: PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE TRIBUNAL OF SIRACUSA IN BP ECPLORATION COMPANY (LIBYA) v. SOCIETA INDUSTRIALE CATANESE.

Von Mehren, Robert B., and P. Nicholas Kourides. “International arbitrations between states and foreign private parties: the Libyan nationalization cases.” Am. J. Int’l l. 75 (1981): 476.

FALL OF ISMALIST ENNAHDA PARTY IN TUNISIA ELECTIONS



fall of ismalist Ennahda party in Tunisia elections

[Document subtitle]

9144008549640November 17, 2014

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Tunisian elections

Introduction

It is noted that the political Islam suffered another loss in Tunisia, with the Ennahda part went down to the second place to the occasional Nidaa Tounes in the part elections. Based on the official results that released it was evident that Nidaa won the election by a small margin to the Ennahda; 85 seats amid the 217 parliamentary seats with the Ennahda 69 seats. There people of the country noted that the country will always be led by an Arab and not the natives of the country. They consider that the winning party is largely an Arab dominated party which is funded by Arabs in the Middle East. The winning party had various advantages as compered to the Ennahda party. The winning lot was able to come up with strategies that the Ennahda could not be able to meet hence the people opted to choose from the best agenda that the Nidaas were selling as compared to those of the Ennahda (Aghrout, 2010)

Ennahda’s thrashing was a hit to the first Islamist gathering to come to power after the Arab Spring rebellions of 2011, and Ghannounchi may have been putting on a valiant face after a misfortune credited to his party’s execution in government. However Nidaa Tounes’ repressed festival says all the more in regards to the muddled errand the secularists confront in framing a legislature with Islamists solidly settled in Tunisia’s young popular government after the oust of the dictatorial Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali. Tunisia has stayed away from the mayham that has inundated a few of its neighbors after the Arab Spring, however it gravely needs solidness. Its majority rules system has advanced and it has another constitution after a political emergency a year ago. However the North African state must at present manage extreme monetary changes and developing Islamist militancy. Nidaa Tounes, a collusion of previous Ben Ali authorities with exchange unionists and more modest gatherings that framed a hostile to Islamist front, can’t lead alone. In any case its decision of accomplices and how it manages Ennahda may focus Tunisia’s next steps. The liberal UPL development won 16 while the radical Popular Front gathering won 15 spots.

Nidaa Tounes pioneer Beji Caid Essebsi confronts a precarious parity. Partnering with common gatherings gets a dominant part, yet barring a capable opponent like Ennahda may undermine Tunisia’s bargain style governmental issues and lead to halt. With presidential elections one month from now – Essebsi is a main competitor – getting excessively near Ennahda additionally dangers distancing voters who acted unbecomingly to vote in favor of Nidaa Tounes as an issue to rebuff Islamists for their untidy two years in force. Nidaa’s alternatives are restricted,” said Tunisian daily paper proofreader and editorialist Zied Krichen. “A collusion with the more diminutive common gatherings will be delicate and could go to pieces at any minute. The second choice is a union with Ennahda. Almost four years after the fall of Ben Ali, Tunisia is consistently adulated as an issue of move, with political adversaries overcoming contrasts over the part of Islam and the reappearance of old administration authorities to make vote based system work. Ennahda secured the first post-Ben Ali free election to assemble a coalition government. Anyway an emergency regarding the homicide of two restriction pioneers and the treatment of Islamist fanatics started an emergency that in the end constrained it to step aside for a guardian government.

Trade off has since turned into a maxim for Tunisian legislative issues after arrangement making hauled the nation out of that political showdown, and permitted Tunisia to sanction another constitution lauded as an issue of comprehensiveness (Fuentes, 2010). Tunisia is not Egypt, where a solid military has since quite a while ago assumed a part in governmental issues. Chosen Islamist president Mohamed Mursi of the Muslim Brotherhood was toppled a year ago by the Egyptian armed force after mass challenges. Still, with such a tight hole in parliament, shaping a Tunisian government could take weeks of arrangement making, and more arrangements before legislators select another leader. “We are not going to represent isolated,” Essebsi said after the win. “Be that as it may the greater part of that will hold up until after the presidential decisions.”

Interior Debate

Debate about hosts as of now started inside the gathering. Prevalent Front, the radical development whose two pioneers were killed a year ago, will be a harder match ideologically with Nidaa Tounes, particularly with the new government taking a gander at monetary gravity measures. Ennahda was in a finer position when it came to government after the first election, however they went into coalition with two more modest common accomplices. Nidaa’s key inquiry is the means by which to handle Ennahda. Prior to the election Essebsi did not discount some manifestation of coalition with the Islamists, however party hardliners may question. Some Nidaa Tounes establishments currently discourse of “sharing poor” with the Islamists.

Conclusion

Ennahda Party authorities recognize Sunday’s vote was discipline for coming to power amid a sketchy transitional period when the economy was battling. Yet they were shocked by the poor execution of more diminutive resistance parties, whose votes went to Nidaa Tounes. Ennahda has insisted that Nidaa Tounes to structure a solidarity government to help complete Tunisia’s move. With about 60 seats in the current parliament, but Ennahda could be a decided resistance in the council, and remains an overall sorted out gathering with a solid prominent base. We were ahead of the pack, now we are second following three years,” said Ali Larayedh, a previous Ennahda’s leader. “We are still the best ensure for majority rules system and flexibility (Fox et al,. 2011). The new Nidaa Tounes-headed government might likewise be compelled to bargain all the more by the extreme motivation it confronts. Tunisia’s universal loan specialists are requesting politically delicate slices to open appropriations to trim the shortfall and measures to make more occupations, a key voter request. At the point when Ennahda’s legislature a year prior attempted to force another vehicle assessment, dissents emitted in a few locales, abandoning one man dead and compelling the administration to switch its choice.

References

Aghrout, A. (2010). The presidential and parliamentary elections in Tunisia, October 2009. Electoral Studies, 29(4), 749-753.

Fuentes, G. M. (2010). Divisive electoral policies within authoritarian elections: the Tunisian casuistry (1989–2009). The Journal of North African Studies,15(4), 521-534.

Kavanaugh, A., Yang, S., Sheetz, S., Li, L. T., & Fox, E. (2011). Microblogging in crisis situations: Mass protests in Iran, Tunisia, Egypt. In ACM. CHI.

Family Planning in Texas in Relation to a Women’s Right to Abortion and State Spending

Family Planning in Texas in Relation to a Women’s Right to Abortion and State Spending

Texas Policy Report Proposal

Jane Smith

GOVT-2306-23401 Spring 2018

Dr. Mark Skorick

Word Count (272)

The assault on attainable family planning services is evident across the state of Texas. A woman’s right to have an abortion was deemed constitutional under federal law with Roe v. Wade in 1973. The case Planned Parenthood v. Casey in 1992 allowed states to put some regulations on abortion (Phelps 438). Texas has been one of the states that have placed strict regulations on abortion which have resulted in the closure of clinics performing safe abortions and otherwise making it difficult for women to have the procedure (Baum et al. 2). The policy paper will focus on the adoption of new abortion restrictions, known as targeted regulation of abortion providers (TRAP) laws, which were presented first in 2011 under Texas House Bill 2 (HB2). These regulations have complicated and restricted access to adequate reproductive healthcare and have resulted in an increased burden on low income families as well as a woman’s right to choose a qualified healthcare provider (Baum et al. 4). The policies that have been enacted by the state legislature have denied funding or significantly reduced the amount of money allocated to family planning. The loss of federal financial support in relation to the Texas Women’s Health Program is now wholly consumed by the state (Pathroff 215). This program is inadequate to meet the needs of the state’s women. The safety net offered by family planning services is essential to the state’s population. In order to remedy the repercussions of these legislative and policy actions, this paper will examine the effects these requirements have had in Texas and discuss the inadequacies associated with current procedures created by the state legislature.

References

Baum, Sarah E., et al. “Women’s Experience Obtaining Abortion Care in Texas After Implementation of Restrictive Abortion Laws: A Qualitative Study.” Plos ONE, vol. 11, no. 10, 26 Oct. 2016, pp. 1-14. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165048.

Hopkins, Kristine, et al. “Women’s Experiences Seeking Publicly Funded Family Planning Services in Texas.” Perspectives on Sexual & Reproductive Health, vol. 47, no. 2, June 2015, pp. 63-70. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1363/47e2815.

Pathroff, Dennis. “Abortion and Birth Control-United States Supreme Court Declares Texas’ Restrictions on Abortion Facilities Unconstitutional: Impact on States with Similar Abortion Restrictions.” North Dakota Law Review, vol. 92, no. 1, Jan. 2016, pp. 213-231. EBSCOhost, dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=120972426&site=ehost-live.