Recent orders
Failure to launch
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Introduction
Globally, youths are considered the leaders of tomorrow as they are the people expected to take various leadership positions from the old generation in the different sectors and industries as well as in government. But even with all this opportunities, many of the youths today have failed to launch as many have not successfully joined these sectors after getting all necessary support from their parents in their childhood stage especially in academics. This has significantly led to many youths depending on parents for the basic needs.
According to surveys conducted by Office for National Statistic, in UK alone, since 1997-2011, about 3.0 million youths ranging between 20-34 years were still leaving with their parents, a 20% increase from 1997. In the normal life cycle it’s expected that after one has completed his or her studies, the next thing should be to look for a job, become employed and later become self-independent (Furstenberg and others, 2005). However, this is the case for many youths, as many are faced with various challenges that have led to some fully depending on the parents even at their adulthood.
In the USA for instance, various factors such as inadequate affordable rented accommodation, un-functional mortgage market, un-employment and low wages for the employed were considered to have led to many youth living with their parents (Painter’s 2010). Many of these challenges are common in many countries especially in developing countries and some developed countries.
Other factors, that have contributed to youths living with their parents, include health related issues, especially for the disabled children. Many are unable to cross over to fully independent adults as they depend on full support from their parents.
Psychological perception by the young people and parents may have resulted to many youths opting to live with their parents especially where parent feel they need to give their children time in order to become fully independent. Many youths also fear on the anticipated challenges of living independently whereas everything, they need, is made available by their parents.
Marriages play a key role to many youths in becoming full independent. From the biblical perspective, as stated in (Genesis 2:18-24) marriage and family is of significance in determining individual structure of life. Through marriages, many youths can move with their spouse to their own home as look for privacy especially away from their parent. According to (Ephesians 5:31) it states that a man ought to leave his parent’s house and be joined with wife to become one. But even with such biblical principles many young adults are unable to adopt such principles due to various challenges especially in raising a family with high levels of unemployment.
Parents also play a key role in creating a comfort zone for young adults. Many parents fail to create boundaries for their children on when they are expected to leave their parents home. Young adults tend to take advantage of this; there is no pressure youths to leave their parents house. By providing everything for their children with the basic needs especially youths many develop the fear of missing and not being in a position to support themselves when they become independent.
Economical issues in different countries have also led to many youths not being able to become fully independent as many are unable to afford basic need due to fluctuations of prices for the basic needs. The purchasing power during the recession also led to many young adults not being in a position to afford the high living standards as many could not afford high rates for rental accommodation, as well as the basic.
Cited Work
Office for National Statistic, (2011). Young adults leaving with parents in the UK, 2011.
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_266357.pdf
Furstenberg, R. G. Rumbaut and R. A. Settersten (2005). On the frontier of adulthood: Emerging
Themes and new directions. Eds. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
Painter, G. 2010. What Happens to the Household Formation in a Recession? Research Institute for
Housing America, Special Report.
Drug abuse has been a common problem for a very long time.
Gregory’s treatment
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Drug abuse has been a common problem for a very long time. There was a need to come up with treatment modalities that would help in dealing with a drug abuse problem. For a long time now, there have been various psychologists trying to come up with modalities of treatment that will be useful and efficient. The four major modalities of treatment include crisis intervention, individual counselling, group counselling and family counselling. These treatment modalities are quite helpful in the patient’s path to recovery. Crisis intervention with family, co-workers and friends are quite useful and lead to a person getting into a therapeutic program. Crisis intervention is aimed at moving a drug addict from the cycle of a crisis and motivating them to start taking steps towards their recovery. Individual counselling is important as it assist patients to admit that they are suffering from addiction. It also helps in pointing out the relevant signs and symptoms to the patient’s experience. Group therapy is useful as it makes an addict get challenge and support from their peers who are in the same predicament. In many families, the family members are afraid or bringing up the issue. Family counselling is, therefore, quite useful in creating a forum to talk about the issue of drug addiction affecting the family member and treatment.
Dual diagnosis, also referred to as co-occurring disorders is whereby a patient suffers from a mental illness and a substance abuse problem. These two normally have a complex relationship and hence treating a patient with co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse is quite complicated as compared to treating one of these conditions alone. A primary psychiatric treatment can persist or lead to misuse of substances (Gold, 2005). Alcohol and drugs could be some sort of self medication an individual imposes on themselves. People with mental health problems such as anxiety disorder might turn to alcohol and drugs to relieve themselves from the effects brought about by the illness.
Patients might be feeling nervous, anxious, bored, lonely or have difficulty in sleeping and end up using different drugs to deal with these feelings. The misuse of substances might get worse or change the path of a particular psychiatric illness. Individuals with dual diagnosis normally have complex needs that are related to social, health, emotional and economic stressors. It is quite a challenge to offer support to people with dual diagnosis. Patients with dual-diagnosis on many occasions face a prognosis that is bleak as compared to those who suffer from one disorder. These patients have a higher risk of hospitalization, relapse, homelessness, incarceration and other serious infections such as HIV (Smith, & Morris, 2007). Individual counselling is important in the case of dual diagnosis since the mental health condition requires treatment that is separate from the individual’s addiction. Intensive therapy with counsellors or psychologists helps in addressing the psychiatric diagnosis and the addiction disorder at the same time. The addiction and mental disorder are related hence they should be treated concurrently. Dual diagnosis helps counsellors and psychologists deal with the patient with the knowledge that he or she is suffering from two disorders.
Gregory’s primary diagnosis is anxiety. He has anxiety disorder whereby he feels anxious in social situations. Gregory’s second diagnosis is alcohol abuse. His alcohol abuse began as a result of the anxiety disorder he has. He turned to alcohol in order for him to dispel the feeling of anxiety. Alcohol made him feel at ease when he was ta work, when he was out with colleagues and other public events. With time, he needed alcohol so as to get the anxiety releasing effect. His dual diagnosis is anxiety disorder and his dependency on alcohol.
Treating a secondary diagnosis is very important after a dual diagnosis has been done. It helps in dealing with the problem that has resulted from the primary diagnosis and thus will not complicate the underlying problem further. It will help in dealing with the underlying problem and prevent it from any further escalation. It helps in arresting and containing the primary diagnosis and hence making it easy to deal treat it as well. Treatment of a secondary diagnosis can also lead to the worsening of psychiatric symptoms on the patient. For instance, a patient who abstains from drugs might end up having worse symptoms if they are suffering from anxiety disorder. The patient depends on drug use to relieve these symptoms, and when they no longer use them, the symptoms might end up increasing.
An alcohol and drug counsellor is quite limited when it comes to treating diagnoses other than those that are related to substance abuse. These counsellors are trained in dealing with only alcohol and drug related patients and hence they lack the expertise to treat other diagnoses (Rosenthal, 2003). They are only familiar with dealing with substance abuse related patients and hence find it challenging to deal with patients with other diagnoses.
The four treatment modalities are useful in different circumstances in dual diagnosis. An example of a circumstance is a teenage boy is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder and addicted to cocaine. The teenage boy is from a rich family and hence the parents are always busy and hence do not have time to deal with their son. There will be a need for a crisis intervention whereby the parents try to get help for their son. The boy will require individual counselling so as to be able to make out the signs and symptoms of his disorders. There is also need for group counselling whereby he will be able to interact with other people who are facing the same challenges he is facing. It will help him get support from his peers who understand what he is going through. Family counselling is important in this situation as it will help his parents talk about this issue and assist their son on his path to recovery.
Individual counselling sessions would be appropriate for treating Gregory. There is the need for an intensive therapy that will address the anxiety disorder and alcohol abuse (Watkins, & Lewellen, 2001). These conditions should be treated simultaneously as they are related. There is the need to focus on his anxiety disorder and alcohol abuse simultaneously or in different sessions that alternate. During counselling, there is need to provide intense case management. There is the need to assess Gregory’s perception of the relationship between his anxiety and alcohol abuse. Gregory should be encouraged to look past the immediate effects of taking alcohol. It will assist him in understanding the negative implications of the continued alcohol abuse.
References
Gold, M. (2005). Dual Diagnosis. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 5-13.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Rosenthal, R. (2003). Dual diagnosis. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Smith, G., & Morris, P. (2007). Dual diagnosis: What does it mean? Mental Health and Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 162-165.
Watkins, T., & Lewellen, A. (2001). Dual diagnosis an integrated approach to treatment. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
Failure of Google in China
Failures of Google in China
In China the internet industry is fast evolving and is highly competitive. Gross estimates reveal that the number of internet users in China was about three hundred and eight five million in the year 2009. Internet use in China has grown in parallel to the skyrocketing growth of the internet users all over the world. A survey conducted in China revealed that people in sixty of China’s largest cities spend seventy percent of their leisure time on the internet and the online advertising in China has recently grown by up to thirty per cent per year, twice the growth of the print media. The internet search industry in China is dominated by a number of players, chief among them Google, Baidu, Yahoo, Sohu and Sina. Google and Baidu dominated the Chinese market accounting for more than three-quarters of the market share (John, 2010).
In 2006, the world’s famous internet giant, Google launched its services in the People’s Republic of China with a strong belief that this would open up access to information for the Chinese people. A few years later, Google announced reports that its Chinese subsidiary was experiencing troubles from the government which was constantly monitoring e-mail communication of certain key human rights activists and groups. In spite of its global authority in the internet market, Google was now considering withdrawing from the Chinese market for obvious reasons of discontent with the government’s activities. In spite of its well articulated intentions, Google was launched amid widespread criticism. Its launch enabled Google to create an authoritative presence in the fast growing oriental search market. In return for running its services in China Google entered into an agreement with the Chinese government to block some websites. Because of this self-imposed censorship, anybody people conducting searches on the google.cn encountered an error prompt message informing them that the pages they were about to view have been banned by the central government in accordance with the state laws, policies and regulations (Erick, 2010).
Actually Google’s journey in the Chinese market was hampered with lots of roadblocks. First the approval process from the Chinese market took unreasonably long time. The official license to conduct business in china was granted eighteen months after the development of Google.cn. This was in September 2007 and in the following year the Chinese regulators started hurling rebukes at Google and other internet players of making pornography available to the locals through their search engines. Baidu and Sina made formal apology to the members of the public concerning the said issue but Google did not apologize and this marked the beginning of Google’s troubles with the Chinese government. In June 2009, the Chinese authorities announced that Google.cn had been suspended from searching foreign web sites and also from its associative search functions, in response to Google’s failure to respond effectively to the criticism from the authorities which required that it removed pornographic content from its website search results. This stern directive was a big blow to Google as most of its users were pushed away to its rival, Baidu (Erick, 2010).
Again in October 2009, Google found itself embroiled in a bitter tussle with the Chinese authorities over copyright issues. The tussle emerged from the fact that Google had made a breach of the copyright law by publishing in its online library works by Chinese writers without their consent or that of their publishers. Google later apologized for the infringement but then the damage had been made. Amid this confusion over the position of Google in China, Google.cn chief executive officer resigned. This dealt the internet search a big blow and eventually saw the internet giant exit from the Chinese market thereby making Baidu the main internet search provider in China (Austin, 2009).
The exit of Google from china has left Baidu with over sixty per cent market command in online search. However, critics say that Baidu has not yet fully been able to meet the online demands of locals. The Chinese search market requires a number of advanced features so as to fully actualize and meet all the demands of the Chinese internet users. First, the Chinese is a multi-dialect language and any search engine has to bear in mind that there is no universality in the Chinese language. For instance, Baidu has a target of being the best Chinese language search engine. To this end Baidu has customized and designed its products and services in such a manner that they suit the needs and requirements of search users and online marketers. Searches in Chinese language need strong competence in well pin-pointed queries more especially in the phonetic searches.
Google’s internet crisis in China has been caused by a number of other factors besides interference from the central government. Some of these are:
Google has not been actively involved in reaching out the mobile internet market unlike other internet service providers like Baidu (Patricio, 2010).
Second, many Chinese internet users only prefer Baidu over the giant Google. Actually Baidu has had the reputation of being the first internet search company that that is of more Chinese appeal than any other. This makes Google a preserve of a few elite citizens who are only interested in showing differences. Interesting enough these elites who use Google prefer Google. Com over Google.cn (Patricio, 2010)
Baidu has actually designed especially well customized search that allows users to enter Chinese keywords based on their corresponding Chinese dialect and pronunciation using the English alphabet. This strategy was actually meant to avoid the tedious process of switching from the English alphabet to Chinese character while inputting. Also the feature gives confidence to the users who are not certain of Chinese keyword characters. Therefore any new search engine aspiring to enter the Chinese market has to take these special features of the Chinese language into account during the design of its search engine or else it meets with acute difficulties in penetrating the largely conservative Chinese market (Owen, 2010). Another important feature of the search engine should be its ability to determine the web page independence with regard to a particular search query and also the relevance of the web page to the search query in question. This technique then calls for use of such special features as link analysis, web crawling, information analysis and Chinese language processing software. For the processing of the Chinese language, Baidu search engine employed a word segmentation technique and also utilized an encoding method that is based on the special characteristics of the Chinese language. Inclusion of these features in the design of the search engine actually will allow for reliable and simple searching experience for Chinese internet users (Patricio, 2010).
The other special feature to be taken into account is the design of a simple but user friendly platform for online marketing. All internet service providers are fully aware of China’s position on global economy and the marvelous growth of its local market. The online marketing platform should include among its special features a pay for performance platform and of course custom tailored marketing solutions. For instance Baidu’s auction based pay for performance platform can allow customers to place their website links on its search result list. The customers can then bid to determine what they are willing to pay each time somebody clicked on their listings in the Baidu website search results. This feature, unlike the traditional forms of online advertising, has proven to be more efficient as it is cost and time effective (Ellen & Steven, 2010).
There are a number opportunities and risks associated with the implementation of the new search engines in China. Everybody knows that the internet has provided a super highway for flow of information. The internet market in China is faced with a lot of growth opportunities as well as impediments. First, rapid growth is possible due to China‘s huge population. With an estimated population of two billion people and an ever growing internet industry, internet firms in china stand to make a fortune. This however might not be achieved as easy as sounds for a number of reasons: First is the censorship policy by the government. The government is deeply involved in monitoring the activities of political and human rights activists and their freedom to communicate freely is under curtails. The next major impediment revolves around the cultural and legal sphere. A new search engine has to take into account the possibility of operating under a daunting legal environment masked with a totally different cultural attitude. This arises usually as a result of different historical experiences (David, 2010).
The next frontier of contention with regard to launch of new search engine in China is in the copyright and information highway. The Chinese authorities have enforced very stringent measures for protecting Chinese writers and publishers against online library service providers (Patricio, 2010).
Another major impediment is illegal and offensive content. As pointed earlier this was one of the issues that pushed Google into logger heads with the authorities in china. Illegal content entails a lot in the context of Chinese laws and includes hate propaganda and speeches, pornography, obscenity, defamation and libel. The authorities are clear on these issues and stiff penalties have been met by internet search providers who have been found to violate them, the freedom of speech and expression policy notwithstanding. The other one is imposition of bans on the publication of trial evidence. Aspiring internet search providers in China jut like the rest of media of media are restricted from publishing information and evidence arising from court proceedings (Robert, 2010). The bans on publications are actually an attempt to safeguard against abuse by the media. The other frontier is personal privacy. The authorities in China do not allow for unfair infringement of other people’s rights chief among them the right to privacy. The privacy act has created a tort of privacy which is actionable without proof of damage. Privacy entails eavesdropping and disguised surveillance which includes electronic invasions on other people’s lives.
Dealing with the crisis
Hence it is clear that Google’s troubles in China cannot be entirely blamed on the perceived government hacking as several other internet service providers are victims of the same brutality and yet they are still in business (Erick, 2010). One retaliatory mechanism requires that Google engages in an all-round active strategy aimed at reaching the Chinese masses that are increasingly turning to the use of mobile internet. One reason for this is that mobile phones are increasingly becoming much cheaper than computers. Tapping in this opportunity will see Google’s market share in the industry soar. This can be achieved through a series of active market campaigns (Erick, 2010).
Another recommendation is that Google engages in bilateral talks with the Chinese government based on mutual respect for each other’s interests. In China, censoring of media by the government is not something that Google can just wish away. It is a bitter reality which Google has to succumb to if at all the internet search giant has to take roots in the vast communist market. And better still Google should be prepared at all times to account for violations of any obligation in the light of Chinese authorities (David, 2010).
Another remedial tactic is that Google should aim at building a service empire that is clearly relevant in the context of the Chinese culture. Most of Google’s services are unfavorably skewed towards a Western culture and this is where Baidu beats Google. Google has to greatly involve Chinese sociologists, ethnographers and anthropologists in the design process of its Chinese version of the search engine (Owen, 2010). This will help Google consolidate its loyalty in the oriental market.
Another thing is that Google should be prepared to meet with stiff competition. Google’s policy should be that of not underestimating her competitors. Google should acknowledge the presence of other internet search companies in the Chinese market and be ready to work with them as the terms of the business will dictate. No business company no matter how mighty should assume obvious penetration into a new market (Patricio, 2010).
Bibliography
Austin, M, 2009, “Google China and Baidu apologize over porn links”,The register.
David, D, 2010, “A new approach to China”, the official Google blog.
Ellen, N. & Steven, M, 2010, “Google threatens to leave China after attack on activists e-mail” The Washington Post.
Erick, S, 2010, “Google processing 20000 terabytes a day and it is growing”, TechCrunch
Erick, K, 2010, “Google unveils top political searches of 2009”, Political ticker blog.
John, M, 2010, “Google does the right thing in China but not with right intensions”, Consumer Watchdog.
Owen, F, 2010, “Don’t blame us for Google hack” ITBusiness.ca
Patricio, R, 2010, “Is Google’s China threat really a business maneuver”, econsultancy blog.
Robert, M, 2010, “Google hackers break into more than hundred computers systems”, ITBusiness.ca