Recent orders
Explain why military services investigate and report their own accidents.
Directive Leadership Benefits for the Organization and Its Followers
Name
Institution
Directive Leadership Benefits for the Organization and Its Followers
A directive leader identifies standards he requires of his followers and confidently applies authority over them.
1. a. closer, harmonious and more cohesive.
A bank leader who establishes a closer relationship with his/her followers tends to enhance their morality at work and more so when s/he tends to be harmonious and more cohesive about his objectives. These make followers to provide quality services thereby attracting more clients.
A school leader who works closer with teachers, students and the school fraternity and promotes harmony and cohesion among them builds a good foundation for institution thereby promoting good results.
b. The quality of relationships within groups is higher
A bank leader who promote excellent relationship within his/her staff and clients will attract more profit margins due to quality services provided by his staff.
A school leader who maintain quality of relationship within teachers, students and parents to be higher promote peaceful co-existence thereby eliminating cases of unrest in the institution.
c. Intentions to leave the organization are lower
A bank leader whose intentions to leave the organization are lower will push his/her staff to focus on the bank’s vision, objective and goals for him to uphold his integrity.
A school leader will deliver quality education to students when s/he is not intending to leave the institution.
d. Groups are focused on achieving organizational goals
A school leader who is concerned about the welfare of the students and teachers will motivate them focus in achieving the school’s goals.
A bank leader who provides fringe benefits to his hard-working followers will challenge the entire staff to focus in achieving its goals.
e. Efficiency and/or effectiveness are improved.
When a bank leader increases the staff morality, his followers consequently improve efficiency on their service delivery.
A school leader who promotes a friendly learning environment improves the effectiveness of teachers and students to perform.
2. a. The followers feel that their roles in the organization are clearer
A school leader who is able to establish a clearer school roster will make his/her followers feel that their roles in the school are clearer.
A bank leader needs to assign each follower to a specific task for them to feel the clarity of their duties.
b. Their expectations of the organization are clearer
The school leader who clarifies the goals of each department after the end of learning period promotes quality performances.
A bank leader who writes achievable objectives and mission for the bank clarifies its expectation from followers.
c. Follower satisfaction with the work, the supervision, and the organization is higher
A school leader who creates favorable learning environment enhances followers’ satisfaction with the work, the organization and supervision.
A bank leader needs to ensure that followers’ satisfaction with the work, the organization and supervision is higher for maximum service delivery.
d. Follower stress is lower.
Achievable goals and objectives in a school lower stress on the students, teachers and parents thereby enabling them do what they can.
A bank leader who assigns each follower to his/her specialized task lowers stress among them while working.
e. Follower performance is higher
A school leader maintains closer supervision encourages higher performance in teachers and students.
A bank leader who award followers according to their output enhances higher performances in them.
Dr Strangelove
Dr Strangelove
Name:
Institution:
Comedy is a valuable tool that can be used to discuss pressing issues with a light touch. When comedy is used in serious or sad issues, it is referred to as black comedy. Stanley Kubrick applies black comedy in his 1964 film. ‘Dr Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb’ to satirize widespread fears about a US and Soviet Union nuclear conflict in the Cold War. The story revolves around the actions of an unhinged General in the United States Air force, who orders a nuclear strike on the Soviet Union. The President of the United and States and other generals then scramble to prevent the nukes from striking their targets. However, the General is the only person who knows the code to recall the B-52 planes. Dr Strangelove, a former USSR scientist, informs the Presidents and his generals that the Soviet Union has a plan to destroy the whole world in case of any nuclear attack on the region (Smith 2007). The film addresses the widespread fear among many people at the time that the world would come to an end if the US and the Soviet Union were to be engaged in a nuclear conflict. One of the main points of focus in the film ‘Dr. Strangelove’ is its ethics with regard to General Ripper, President Muffley and Dr Strangelove.
General Ripper is the unhinged General who takes the B-52 planes captive as they hurtle towards their Soviet targets. He is the commander of the Burpelson Air Base which commands several deadly weapons such as hydrogen bombs, flown in B-52 bombers. General Ripper gives the orders to deploy the bombs to his Executive officer, Captain Mandrake. The captain later realizes the Pentagon never gave the order, rather General Ripper deployed the B-52 bombers on his own. When Captain Mandrake confronts the General, he realizes that General Ripper has gone insane, and he locks the captain in his office to stop him from alerting anyone. The B-52 bombers remain on course to the Soviet Union, and their radios can only receive communication from General Ripper. The General in ‘Dr. Strangelove’ shows how power can corrupt a mind (Smith 2007). He has no ethics and is very excited at the thought of the coming bloodbath. He does not care how many people will die in the nuclear attacks. He seals off the Air Base to prevent the entry of any other personnel who might foil his plan. General Ripper shines the light on how much power military officers wield, and whether they are ethical enough to make the right decision.
President Merkin Muffley is the United States president, left to deal with the aftermath of General Ripper’s actions. When the President and his staff learn about General Ripper’s command, they try to come up with a plan to stop the B-52 planes from reaching the Soviet targets. In the War Room, General Buck Turgidson briefs the president on the situation and tries to convince him to let the strikes go on. President Muffley refuses and instead calls in the Soviet Ambassador to speak with the Soviet Premier on how to stop the attacks. The President wants no part in a first-strike nuclear attack (Case 2014). He even offers to reveal the targets of the B-52 bombers so that the Soviet Union can protect itself. President Muffley is an ethical man, with no desire to start a nuclear war that would lead to the death of millions. He does everything he can to avoid a strike, and this shows the kind of ethics that every leader should possess. However, President Muffley’s judgment comes into question based on his choice of Generals such as General Buck Turgidson and General Ripper.
Dr Strangelove is a former Nazi German now serving as scientific advisor to the president on nuclear war matters. He wonders why the Soviets never informed the rest of the world about the doomsday machine to deter countries from launching nuclear strikes against the Soviet Union. The doctor advises the President to gather a group of a few hundred thousand people to live underground where the radiation from nuclear strikes will not reach. He proposes a 10:1 ratio of females to males who will reproduce and repopulate the earth after radiation levels go down. Dr Strangelove is an unethical character in the film. His proposal to repopulate the earth sees human beings as mere reproduction tools (Lindley 2001). Additionally, he does not care about the millions of deaths that would result from the Soviet doomsday weapon and speaks about the coming annihilation with glee. Dr Strangelove’s character calls to question the ethics of choosing a Nazi to advise the President of the United States. Nazis are known for their love for death and chaos; hence Dr Strangelove is the wrong advisor on matters of nuclear war.
To summarize, the film ‘Dr. Strangelove’ satirizes many events and fear surrounding the Cold War. The United States and the Soviet Union each wanted to prove its superiority over the other, and the Soviet Union created a doomsday mechanism that would assure destruction of the world in case it was attacked. Mutually-assured destruction was one of the ideas in the conflict, and the film presents a possible scenario in case of a nuclear conflict between the two countries. The characters give deeper insight into the ethics of the film. General Ripper and Dr Strangelove are both trigger-happy characters who care little about the death of millions, while President Muffley is the only ethical person who tries to avert the destruction of the world.
References
Case, G. (2014). Calling Dr. Strangelove: The Anatomy and Influence of the Kubrick Masterpiece. McFarland.
Lindley, D. (2001). What I Learned Since I Stopped Worrying and Studied the Movie: A Teaching Guide to Stanley Kubrick’s Dr. Strangelove. PS: Political Science & Politics, 34(3), 663-667.
Smith, P. D. (2007). Doomsday Men: The Real Dr. Strangelove and the Dream of the Superweapon. St. Martin’s Press.
Fallacies of Relevance
FALLACY
STUDENT NAME
AFFILIATION
DATE
Fallacies of Relevance/Fallacies of ambiguity/Fallacies of presumption
Fallacies of Relevance
This is mainly an argument that commits and assumes that even if a statement is partly true and false the whole statement has to be true. It is an argumentative statement that portrays an individual’s character be it true or false according to the person’s argument. They mostly rely on the truth of the conclusion and assume that both or all parties are equal (Bennett, 2012). This logical fallacy implodes on the utterances not truth or relies on the non-substantially evidence which cannot be proved. It portrays the negative image before a person is given a chance to defend him/herself. They present evident that is not relevant because it has not been presented.
Fallacies of Ambiguity
This is an argument based on diminishing the reputation of a person through twisting of words and statements. A person manipulates the victim’s language to make it irrelevant and submit it as evidence to dismiss his or her case. It might be assumed as lack of clarity from the person or misunderstanding of words which is manipulated and used as a means of attack. They reduce the reputation of the paper by deceiving others and making information of important not viable. The ambiguity will be used against a person and this creates a sense of self-deception from all parties (Damer, 2012)
.
Fallacies of Presumption
A dilemma is defined as a perplexing situation that requires a choice between equally conclusive alternatives. Logical fallacy is caused when there is no proof of truth in the statement. The statement is usually determined by the assumption that a different party was present .It takes the presumption that the act has been recurrent and would eventually take place in the future. Its main flow is that it contains arguments with bad inferences. A paper with fallacy does not have sufficient evidence to formulate a conclusion .It documents a research or paper as incomplete or one with great number of error of reasoning.
Fallacy can best be eradicated by defeating a dummy argument than engaging in a real nuances debate. In argument sense it is better to use intellect rather than use the emotions when presenting a reasonable statement. In debate parties can use facts rather than fiction or refute from generalizing the argument. A false analog can be determined when similarities are irrelevant. During arguments an individual should state the pros and cons of the argument rather than depending on one side (Bennett, 2012).
To avoid fallacies statements presented must have a definite conclusion rather than an irrelevant conclusion. To avoid the fallacy of relevance it is better to acknowledge both parties to identify a common are. In times of strategic moves there is no reason to use fallacy to gain confidence of pupils. It is important to reduce stereotyping or bullying to achieve results. Rather than threats a common consensus can be achieved to reduce the fallacy of relevance. To avoid the fallacy of ambiguity information submitted must be relevant to the course.
A statement that changes it phrases to disorient the audience should not be used. Identifying the problem before it brings further complications is the fastest way to reduce ambiguity. Logical fallacies are based on faulty reasoning and are used in everyday reasoning to prevent such fallacy we can reduce the carelessness and ignorance of writers. Shakespeare once said that to realize perfection we need to impress the perfect act. This argument has no merit because the writer only presents simplistic fact of support.
Reference
Bennett, B. (2012). Logically fallacious. (pp. 142-200). Ebookit.com.
Damer, T. (2012). Attacking faulty reasoning. (7 ed., pp. 100-200). Cengage Learning.