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How to make banana bread
How to make banana bread
Banana bread is one of my favourite kinds of bread. I enjoyed the loaves my mom used to bake when I was young, and I could not wait to learn how to do it myself. One of the perks of making banana bread is that the ingredients are readily available, and the process is also quite easy. Before starting the process, I make sure I have all the ingredients ready and measured out, so the process goes faster and easier. This might require a quick trip to the store in case I am missing something, so I usually prepare in advance. I have made baking banana bread into a hobby. The process of baking banana bread is quite straightforward, as outlined below.
The first step in making banana bread is to measure out all of the ingredients. The ingredients are categorized into two, wet and dry ingredients. The wet ingredients are melted butter, milk and eggs. The ingredients used are all-purpose flour, brown sugar, baking soda, salt, and some chopped nuts. The measurements depend on the size and number of loaves to be made. I like to bake one loaf at a time. Before I begin mixing the ingredients together, I preheat the oven to 350°F. I then place the rack to be used on the lower half of the oven. I use some walnuts in my banana bread, and I roast them in the oven while it preheats. To do this, I spread some walnuts chopped in half over a baking tray and put them in the oven for ten minutes. While the oven warms up, I prep the pan I will be using to bake the bread. I prefer to use an eight by five pan with parchment paper. I then spray the inside of this with some cooking spray to ensure the loaf does not stick to the paper. When the baking items are ready, it is time to mix the ingredients.
The wet ingredients come first. In a large mixing bowl, I combine the sugar and melted butter and mix them well. To this mixture, I add three large cracked eggs and continue beating until the mixture is fluffy. A teaspoon of vanilla extract and a quarter cup of milk go into the mixing bowl next. When the wet ingredients are all combined, it is time to work on mashing the bananas. Three ripe bananas are the best to use in this recipe. I like medium-sized bananas, which are quite overripe. The skins have to be speckled and soft to touch. At this stage, they are quite sweet and tasty. When I have bananas that are not quite as ripe as I like, I bake them in the oven for fifteen minutes until the skin turns a shiny black. After peeling the bananas, I place them in a separate bowl and mash them using a fork. I prefer my bananas slightly chunky, so I mash them to my desired texture. When this is done, I pour it into the wet mixture and combine well.
The dry ingredients need to be combined separately before stirring into the wet mixture. In another mixing bowl, I pour two cups of all-purpose flour, a quarter teaspoon of salt and one teaspoon of baking soda. After a thorough mix, I slowly pour this into the wet ingredients mixture. One has to be very careful in mixing at this stage. The secret is to mix until just combined without over mixing. To do this, I use a spatula to fold the flour into the mixture. I stop when there are no more clumps of dry flour. At this stage, I also add in the toasted walnuts, which give a crunchy texture to the loaf. When the batter is ready, I pour it into the lined baking pan I prepared earlier. I use the spatula to make sure I empty all the batter from the bowl. Using a large loaf pan is ideal as I want the mixture to fill it halfway. I sprinkle a few nuts on top of the loaf and then pop it into the preheated oven.
The bread needs to bake for fifty to sixty-five minutes. To find out if the bread is ready, I pierce it with a toothpick. If it comes out clean, the bread is ready, and if it has some batter stuck to it, it needs some more time in the oven. Once my loaf is ready, I remove the pan from the oven and set it on a wire rack to cool for ten minutes. After this, I remove the loaf from the pan by holding the parchment paper and pulling it out. I then let it cool for a further ten minutes, after which the bread is ready to eat.
Once the bread is ready, it can be eaten immediately or stirred in the fridge for a few days. The recipe varies from person to person, depending on taste buds. For example, some people prefer bread with less sugar, and they add very little, considering the fact that the bananas are already quite sweet. Banana bread is one of the easiest loaves to bake. It is also one of the tastiest types of bread. I alienate between chopped nuts and chocolate chips to spice it up. I would recommend this recipe to anyone as it is quite simple.
Evolution of Criminal Justice Technology
Evolution of Criminal Justice Technology
Author
Institution
Introduction
The importance of criminal justice cannot be gainsaid as far as enhancing the stability or any society is concerned. The criminal justice system underlines a set of processes and agencies that governments establish in an effort to control crime, as well as impose penalties and punishments to individuals that violate laws and regulations laid out in the constitutions. In the past, criminal justice systems mainly revolved around a couple of individuals coming up with rules and regulations, as well as agreeing to abide by them. However, the growth of civilization underlined the necessity for a more structured criminal justice system and law enforcement institutions. Like other professions, the criminal justice profession has been immensely affected by the varied technological innovations. Needless to say, technological innovations have gone a long way in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of varied industries and sectors, with criminal justice profession being no exception. Just as there are immense advances in technology in the world, so is there an immense advance of the same in the criminal justice system. Scholars have underlined the fact that crimes have become increasingly difficult to penetrate successfully. Nevertheless, the incorporation of technology has gone a long way in aiding the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice system in meeting its goals.
Evolution of technology in the criminal justice system
The history of technology in criminal justice systems may be traced way back in the beginning of the 20th century when walkie-talkies were introduced. In 1960, the St. Louis Police Department became the first one to install computer-aided dispatch systems. This was followed by the inauguration of the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), which offered a national computerized filling system on stolen vehicles, wanted persons, weapons, as well as other valuable items, under the recommendation of Crime Commission report. In 1966, the national Law Enforcement Telecommunications System was established, which was a message switching facility connecting all state police computers except Hawaii. 1973 saw the installation of the first court-operated CAT (Computer Aided transcript) System. By 1979, about 100 courts were active participants in the local justice information systems, while 500 state-level courts were using data processing techniques. Police Foundation Survey in 1981 stated that al law enforcement agencies that served 1 million people and above incorporated some computerized searching capability. Subsequence legislations have enhanced the incorporation of technology in the criminal justice systems.
Needless to say, the incorporation of the varied technological advancements has had an immense effect on the policing work. Researchers note that technological innovations have enhanced communications across the varied ranks of policing agencies. This means that there have been increased effectiveness in policing as data is exchanged more and in a faster manner, thereby allowing for quick execution of tasks.
In addition, researchers have noted that the incorporation of the varied technological advancements in the criminal justice profession has enhanced the accountability of policing activities. Senior constables and other high ranking individuals in the policing agencies had a higher likelihood of spending significantly higher amounts of time on requirements pertaining to accountability, planning, paperwork, organization and analysis of information, as well as the supervision and checking of the jobs done by their members of the staff.
Impact of information technology on criminal justice
Information technology has allowed for a more problem-oriented policing, or rather a better proactive policing (Pattavina, 2005). This is especially with regard to the potential for “intelligence-driven patrols”, “repeat-offender analysis”, as well as “hot spots, not to mention proactive crime investigations.
Moreover, information technology has played an immense role in enhancing the accuracy of investigations and the prevention of crimes. Indeed, criminal justice professionals have immensely used newly-developed computer software to monitor individual communications and transactions (Lazer, 2004). In this case, it has changed the manner in which police investigate varied forms of crimes including drug crimes, financial crimes, sex crimes, as well as internet-based crimes.
In addition, researchers have noted that the incorporation of information technology has enhanced the accuracy of and speed of investigations. This is especially the case for surveillance technologies that enhance crime investigation, with computers providing virtually limitless possibilities pertaining to the aggregation and sharing of information among the varied criminal justice agencies (Pattavina, 2005). In addition, they may be used in simulating or modeling outcomes pertaining to alternative correction and prevention strategies.
Current technological advancements implemented in the criminal justice system
Varied technological advances have been implemented in the criminal justice system all in an effort to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency in the execution of its duties.
One of the key technological advancements relates to electronic surveillance, which has been supported by advances in remote sensing, computers, telecommunications, imaging technology, and other related technologies (Lazer, 2004). Electronic surveillance is made up of sensing techniques as well as techniques that would aggregate and compare computer records, thereby revealing any additional information pertaining to an individual. Electronic surveillance technology may include pattern recognition systems, pen registers, electronic mail monitors, miniature transmitters, parabolic microphones and even CCTV.
In addition, the criminal justice system has immensely used technological advancements in mobile communications. In the past, police officers were considerably limited in terms of their geographical locations as they could not communicate or be properly supervised (Lazer, 2004). Nevertheless, there has been immense technological advancement with regard to mobile communications, where police can communicate using varied devices including walkie-talkies, mobile phones and other communication devices.
In addition, there has been increased implementation of computerized data matching in the criminal justice system (Pattavina, 2005). This refers to the computerized comparison of two or more groups of electronic records so as to search for people whose information is incorporated in the varied sets. This technology has gained immense usage in the criminal justice systems especially with regard to the detection and prevention of fraud, abuse and waste (Lazer, 2004). For instance, it has been used in detecting instances where one person collects redundant or overlapping government benefits.
Lastly, the criminal justice system has implemented DNA typing in an effort to enhance its efficiency especially with regard to apprehension of criminals (Pattavina, 2005). DNA typing has been developed by molecular biologists as a way of accurately identifying criminals.
Benefits of the advancements
The increased implementation of these advancements has been extremely beneficial in enhancing the efficiency of criminal justice systems.
One of the key benefits revolves around the enhanced accuracy in the identification of criminals. In the past, criminal justice professionals had to rely on witness accounts. Indeed, there were immense chances of inaccuracies where innocent individuals would be found “guilty” of crimes, whereas the criminals would be set free (Lazer, 2004). However, the utilization of DNA typing has enhanced the accuracy with which criminal justice agencies identity criminals. This is especially considering that no two individuals share the same DNA information unless they are identical twins, in which case the use of DNA typing would provide an accurate way of identifying culprits (Pattavina, 2005).
In addition, surveillance systems have played an immense role in not only enhancing the accuracy of identification of culprits but also preventing the commission of crimes. This is especially in correctional facilities, where surveillance systems have allowed for enhanced monitoring of prisoners (Lazer, 2004). On the same note, criminal justice professionals have identified high-risk areas and installed surveillance systems, which not only deter criminals but also result in increased arrests.
The future of information technology in criminal justice
With the increased advantages of information technology, it is evident that information technology will increasingly be used in the enhancement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice systems (Lazer, 2004). One of the future roles of information technology revolves around threat assessment, where it will be possible to identify the probability of a particular crime being committed or even a serious violent event taking place.
In addition, information technology will be used in the assessment of risk. This is especially in the case of former convicts, where actuarially-based risk classification systems will continually be used so as to avert the possibility of crimes. Risk assessment tools would be used in accurately identifying the subgroup of offenders, thereby allowing correctional systems to target supervision and resources on the high risk individuals.
References
Lazer, D. (2004). DNA and the criminal justice system: The technology of justice. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Pattavina, A. (2005). Information technology and the criminal justice system. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
How to identify whether a solution contains an acid or a base
Acids and Bases Name of Student
Institution Affiliation
How to identify whether a solution contains an acid or a base
The use of universal indicator is the most precise way to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic. The universal indicator is made up of 14 different colors that not only indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution but also the strength. A PH higher than 7 indicates that the solution is basic and a PH lower than 7 is an indication of the presence of acid in the solution. The litmus test is another way to determine the acidity or basicity of the solution. When a drop of the solution is put on a piece of blue litmus paper and it turns red, then the solution contains acid. When the red litmus paper turns blue, then the solution is basic. Red cabbage juice can also be used for the acid-base test. The red cabbage juice turns red or pink if the solution is acidic or green/blue if the solution contains a base.
Common household products that contain acid
Yogurt contains lactic acid
Lemon juice contains citric acid
Cranberry sauce contains citric, quinic, L-ascorbic and malic acids
Batteries contain sulfuric acid
Vinegar contains acetic acid
Common household products that contain base
Toothpaste contains mostly fluorides such as sodium fluoride. Sodium carbonate is also another base found in toothpaste
Chalk contains Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
Soap contains caustic soda chemically known as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) (Gilani, 2018).
Drain cleaner contains NaOH
Baking soda contains a weak base called sodium bicarbonate
Acid rain
Acid rain is rainfall that has high contents of sulfuric and nitric acids recording a PH ranging from 4.2 and 4.4 (Nunez, 2018). It can also be in the form of fog or snow. Aquatic ecosystems are the ones most affected by acid rain. As the acid water flows through the ground before pouring into water bodies, it leaches aluminum from soil particles. A significant number of aquatic life cannot endure acidic waters or even temperate aluminum resulting in their loss. For instance, most fish eggs will not hatch at a PH level of 5 or below and at lower levels some fish cannot survive. The leached aluminum from the soil also affects plants as well as animals. Acid rain ejects crucial minerals and soil nutrients resulting in deficiency in plants. At high altitudes, acidic fog has the capability to strip nutrients from the leaves of trees killing the leave and leaving them unable to absorb sunlight and manufacture nutrients. Acid rain also releases pollutants (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxides) into the air that are significantly detrimental to human health.
There are various things that can be done to control acid rain. Limiting the amount of sulfur generated from factories burning fossil fuels is one way. Factories that use coal to generate power should use coal that contains fewer amounts of sulfur or washing the coal to reduce the amount (Bradford, 2018). Scrubbers are equipment installed in smoke chimneys to remove the sulfur from the gaseous by-products released into the air. Avoiding the use of fossil fuels entire is the more precise solution. Renewable sources of energy provide a better option because they produce fewer pollutants.
References
Bradford, A. (2018, July 14). Acid Rain: Causes, Effects and Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/63065-acid-rain.html
Gilani, N. (2018, April 27). List of Household Bases & Acids. Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/list-household-bases-acids-7228196.html
Nunez, C. (2018). What is Acid Rain? Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/acid-rain/