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Domestic Violence is defined as violent behavior committed by one intimate partner against another
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence is defined as “violent behavior committed by one intimate partner against another. It can be physical, sexual, or psychological with the primary purpose to control, dominate, or hurt the other partner in the relationship” (Fitzgerald, et all, 1998). Domestic abuse does not only occur with women, however women are the most apparent cases, therefore this paper will discuss this matter only in terms of abuse against women. It has been shown in statistics that domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States, with some cases resulting in the death of women. In the past domestic violence in the workplace was considered taboo, no one wanted to get involved in the private matter. However, there are many negative effects that abuse puts on the workplace, such as loss of productivity from the victim. It might not be everyone’s business to say something to the victim, however it is important to show support and address an issue if you see the employee slipping at work. There are many options available to companies when it arises when a partner is possibly abusing employee. This paper will discuss the options made available to corporations concerning the prevention of domestic violence and the protection of its victims.
A woman who is being abused by her partner can walk away from them; they can move out of the house. However, it is not as easy for a woman to leave her job because she needs the money. This means that the woman is spending at least eight hours a day at her workplace; this also means that the abuser knows for eight hours a day where he can locate her. This man can serve as a potential threat to the work environment because he could possibly act out at the workplace. If someone suspects that a co-worker is being abused and chooses to ignore the issue then the results could be more damaging that letting it remain a private matter. The victim could lose their life and this results in absolute emotional devastation arising from the employees.
There are also many other ways domestic violence can show up in the workplace. There is a loss of productivity and absenteeism from the victim. There are increased medical expenses and increased risk of violence at the workplace. A survey given to women from The Body Shop/YWCA found that “many of those experiencing domestic violence said that it had a direct impact on their jobs. Abuse caused them to arrive late to work (40%), miss whole days of work (34%), have difficulty advancing in their careers (23%), and have difficulty keeping a job (20%) (USOPM, 2000). Also 75% of women who are victims of domestic violence reported being harassed by their abuser at work by telephone or in person (Fitzgerald, et all, 1998). This shows that there is a huge possibility for the abuser to enter the work environment and cause harm to those around. Even if the abuser does not come to the workplace their abuse is still prevalent there. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, “domestic violence can input work due to: sleep deprivation, physical injuries that impact on an individual’s ability to perform her job, and heightened anxiety levels” (DHHS, 1998). It is quite common that a domestic violence victim will not come forward to discuss what is occurring in their marriage or intimate relationship. There are a number of ways that an employer can provide support and help empower the employee being abused. They can learn how to recognize the possible signs of abuse, how to approach the victim if abuse if suspected, and where to refer the employee for the correct help.
There are signs a co-worker can look for when questioning if there is a problem. Was the previously reliable employee now frequently absent or tardy? Does the employee have bruises or is she wearing long-sleeved clothing during warm weather, possibly hiding physical signs of abuse? Is she isolating herself from friends, family, and co-workers? Does she seem depresses or distracted, is she crying a lot? Is she going through a bitter divorce and/or custody dispute? Has the employee received frequent phone calls form the spouse/lover or has this person shown up at the workplace?
If an employee feels that a co-worker is being abused, however the victim has not disclosed this information to them, it is best advised to approach the employee about their performance changes at work, let the victim know what has been observed. The employer then can express concern that the employee might be abused. It is very important for the employer to show support. The victim is very afraid and now is questioning if she is losing her job. An employer should never blame the victim; they should tell her she is not alone, she is not to blame, that there is help available, and most importantly, she does not deserve to be treated this way. After the conversation the employer should tell the victim that everything will be kept confidential and they should refer her to the Employee Assistance Program (EAP). The EAP serves as a comprehensive referral source for many kinds of help. Victims of domestic violence need a variety of services when getting out of the relationship. The EAP counselors can act as a liaison with outside agencies providing services to the employee to assure she receives the appropriate services. If there is not an EAP at the organization refer the victim to resources in the community or a counselor on staff. If she admits to the abuse yet still does not want anyone else to know, the employer should tell her to contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline.
If the victim does admit to the abuse and seeks help then the employer should refer her to Human Resource or EAP. The employer should know to leave the counseling to the professional counselors and the security issues to the security professionals.
Bibliography:
Amdy Warhol
Andy Warhol
Artwork has been in existence for a very long time and that is the reason why many artists have been able to make an impact on the vast fields of art. Arts is not limited to paintings or drawings like many people believe; rather, art entails other activities such as making of sculptures. Among the artists who have made an impact in the world of art is Andy Warhol.
Early Life
Andy Warhol was born on the 6th of August 1928, in the city of Pittsburg Pennsylvania. His father who was known as Ondrej Warhola worked as a construction worker, while his mother by the name of Julia Warhola worked as an embroider. The Warhol’s were Slovakian immigrants. The family was devoted Byzantine Catholics who attended mass frequently and upheld their culture and heritage (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
Warhol’s first lesson in drawing came by chance, at about 8 years of age he was diagnosed with a disease known as Chorea. The disease also called (St. Vitus’s dance) is a rare but fatal disease of the nervous system. The disease rendered Warhol bedridden for some month. It was at this time that his mother who was also skilled in drawing decided to give him his first drawing lesson in order to keep him busy. After he was finally able to get out of the bed, Warhol continued drawing during his spare time. At the age of nine, his mother bought Warhol a camera and soon he became interested in photography as well. Warhol even made a make shift dark room in their basement (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
Warhol was enrolled at the Holmes Elementary school. He was also able to attend free art lessons at the Carnegie Institute which is currently known as the Carnegie Museum of Art. Tragedy was to befall Warhol at the age of 14, in the year 1942 when his father died from a disease known as jaundiced liver. Warhol endured this traumatizing experience to the extent that he was not able to attend neither his father’s wake nor his funeral. Having recognized his son’s talent, Warhol’s father he dedicated his entire savings to the college education of his son before the sudden demise. The same year, Warhol joined Schenley High school and he was able to graduate in the year 1945. After graduation, he joined Carnegie Institute of Technology which is currently known as the Carnegie Mellon University where he studied pictorial design (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
Artistic Career
After graduating with a degree in Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1949, he moved to New York where he began his career as a viable artist. It was at around this time that Warhola changed his name to the now known Warhol after dropping the “a” at the end of his name. In September of the same year, he secured a job with Glamour Magazine. He eventually went on to win various awards for his work as a commercial artist (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
Iconic Painting
In the late years of the 1950s, Warhol started dedicating more of his time to painting. Eventually, in the year 1961, he invented a concept known as “pop art”, which were paintings that paid attention on mass-produced viable goods. His first painting of the Campbell’s soup cans brought a stir in the world and catapulted Warhol into the national limelight (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
Rated as one of the iconic images of the 29th century, the drawing of a collection of thirty-two Campbell’s soup cans. All of the cans is identical except for the inscription of the various flavors. The paintings were done in 1962 after an inspiration from a gallerist by the name of Muriel Latow, who told Warhol, “You should paint money or something else that people see every day like a Campbell’s Soup can (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
The paintings were unique as they were one of his first silkscreen paintings. The painter did an excellent work in choosing the color shades. The portraits outlines are very vigorous: the use of light and shade is superb that a person looking at the portraits might mistake it for a photo and not a painting. The paintings brought about some attention to the beauty of some things that people use every day, in spite of them failing to notice their beauty. As he once said while being interviewed, Warhol said, “I just paint things I always thought were beautiful, things you use every day and never think about…. I just do it because I like it.” The painting was very significant as it came at a time when pop art movement was being born. Of all the portraits of the cans done by Warhol, tomato was his most favorite as it the brand that he used every day, and it the first that he did (The mail on Sunday, April 4th 2010).
Conclusion
An artist does not need to paint something that is not familiar with everybody in order to make a mark in the world. Everything that surrounds human beings, despite being rendered as common, can make a brilliant piece of artwork. Andy managed to bring out the beauty of cans that most people use every day but fail to notice their beauty. Andy made a mark from ordinary items that people used to seeing every day and they do not see anything special about them. Art can be built to become the most iconic pieces in the world from the things that are rendered as useless by the society as was the case with Warhol.
References
Warhol Andy and Hackett Pat. The Andy Warhol Diaries. London: Grand Central Publishing, 2009. Print
Domestic violence is an abuse of power usually perpetrated by men to exercise control over women and children (BWRI 2003).
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is an abuse of power usually perpetrated by men to exercise control over women and children (BWRI 2003). It usually occurs between a man and woman who share or shared an intimate relationship. Domestic violence is never an isolated incident (Walker 2002). It is a systematic pattern of abusive behavior that build up and escalates in frequency and severity over time (Walker 2002). Battering occurs among people of all ethnicities, ages, socio-economic classes, religious affiliations, occupations, and educational backgrounds (Walker 1980).
There are different forms of domestic violence: physical abuse, sexual abuse, economic abuse, and emotional abuse. Physical abuse includes hitting, punching, kicking, throwing, shoving, burning, choking, and anything else causing bodily harm or death (BWRI 2003). Sexual abuse includes, but is not limited to, rape, sexual assault, sexual possessiveness, enforced prostitution, and other sexual acts against the victims will (BWRI 2003). Economic abuse is when the victim is being kept short of money, not allowed to have money, have to beg for money, deprived of food, and economically dependent on the batterer (BWRI 2003). Emotional abuse is being continually humiliated and degraded, being intimidated, systematic criticisms and belittling comments, isolated from friends and family, and many other tactics to mentally control the victim (BWRI 2003).
Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women between the ages of fifteen and forty-four in the United States (U.S. Senate 1992). Approximately ninety-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Clark County Prosecutor 2003). One woman is beaten by her husband or partner every fifteen seconds in the United States (FBI 1991). However, battering is the most under reported crime in America (Clark County Prosecutor 2003). Many batterers learned violent behavior growing up in an abusive family (Walker 1980).
An estimated 3.3 million children are exposed to violence against their mothers or female caretakers by family members (American Psychological Association 1996). The long-term effects domestic violence has on children can be devastating. Children who witness domestic violence are at risk for emotional, behavioral, social, and physical trauma (Ballard 2003). Some children experience depression because they feel helpless or powerless in the situation (Ballard 2003). In worse case scenarios, the depression can lead to suicide (Ballard 2003). The silent victims may also isolate themselves and have difficulty trusting others (Peled, Jaffe, and Eddleson 1995). Every child’s reaction to domestic violence and coping style is different. Children who witness domestic violence may seek comfort in food, sex, or drugs (Ballard 2003).
A majority of the children who witness violence in the home display an aggressive behavior (Ballard 2003). Sixty-two percent of young men between the ages of eleven and twenty serving time for homicide killed their mother’s batterer (New Hampshire Coalition 2003). Males who witness family violence are more likely to batter their female partners as adults than are boys raised in non-violent homes (Georgia Department of Human Resources 1992). Females who witness their mother’s abuse have a higher rate of being battered as adults (Georgia Department of Human Resources 1992).
Children living in family violence are often themselves victims of abuse by the batterer, the battered, or both (Walton 2003). Forty to sixty percent of men who abuse women also abuse children (American Psychological Association 1996). Children in homes where domestic violence occurs are physically abused or seriously neglected at a rate of 1,500% higher than the national average in the general population (New Hampshire Coalition 2003). Twenty-seven percent of domestic homicide victims were children (Florida Task Force 1997). When children are killed during a domestic dispute, ninety percent are under age ten and fifty-six percent are under age two (Florida Task Force 1997).
When children witness abuse, they are seeing, hearing, and learning about violence (Walton 2003). They learn that the people you love the most may hurt you, living in fear is normal, and that violence is a way to handle conflict. Children in violent homes are often caught in the middle, and in many homes, they are also abused (Walton 2003). Witnessing domestic violence contributes to a number of emotional, behavioral, physical, and social problems. These behaviors can persist into adulthood creating a generational cycle in which children grow up to be victims and abusers as adults (Walton 2003). Even if children are not directly beaten, they can be harmed by exposure to domestic violence.
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