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Factors Influencing My Personal Leisure Choices
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Factors Influencing My Personal Leisure Choices
The term “leisure” generally encompasses an individual’s residual time after having completed necessary daily tasks, activities that we engage in during this free time and our enjoyable experiences during free time (Bourbeau et al. 289). There are numerous leisure activities available for us to engage in during our free time such as swimming, travelling, watching TV, listening to radio, playing computer games, playing golf and engaging in voluntary work. My personal leisure choices include watching TV, watching movies, listening to radio and playing computer games, all of which are influenced by various factors, as explained in the following analyses.
Discussion
Various factors related to history, self image, media and culture have influenced my personal leisure choices. Historical factors include feminist movements, sexual revolution, workplace changes and civil rights. Feminist movements played a vital role in opening up spaces for both women and men to move beyond rigid gender, race, ethnic and class definitions of self that may tend to constrain personal leisure choices (Jenkins and Pigram 177). Sexual revolution which took place in the 1960s brought about a wide set of choices in our lives, including opening chances for self fulfillment and growth which were previously denied especially to unmarried persons (Patterson 712).
Workplace changes, particularly improvement in technology, have created opportunity to combine work and leisure. Civil rights in US, which were set up in the 1960s, greatly changed the social roles of men and women and created numerous opportunities for people to engage in various leisure activities, which they couldn’t engage in before (Patterson 712). Generally, the historical factor increases leisure opportunities in which I may choose to participate in.
Factors related to self image which influence personal leisure choices include body image, gender, self confidence and self esteem. As a man, my body image and gender roles increase the list of leisure activities that I may choose from. My personal attributes such as self confidence and self esteem have either positive or negative impact on preferences to specific leisure activities. For instance, as a result of recollection of past negative socialization, I developed poor self confidence and low self esteem in relation to playing rugby.
Social expectations, stereotypes and media images are some of the media factors that influence personal leisure preferences. I prefer leisure activities which are positively evaluated in the media and which I am expected to participate in by the society. Also, prominent leisure images in the media increase popularity in mind, which increases chances of participation in them. Thus, social expectations, stereotypes and media images constrain my leisure choices.
Cultural factors influencing personal leisure preferences include religion, race, ethnicity, family, political affiliation, age and occupation. My religion discourages some leisure activities such as gambling, which are deemed to contribute to immorality. I avoid participating in expensive leisure activities, which is typical of members of my race and ethnic group. My early exposure to specific leisure activities in my family and the fact that I am single affect my participation in my choice of leisure activities. As a youth, my body is active and thus, I am able to participate in leisure activities which old people may not. As a student, I prefer to choose leisure activities which are not very luxurious.
Goals for Improving and Expanding Personal Leisure Choices
I have several goals which will enable me to improve and expand my leisure choices. The first goal is to make my body more physically fit. I plan to achieve this through joining and becoming an active member of physical leisure activities such as playing football, swimming, and playing volleyball. Secondly, I plan to participate in more enjoyable and fulfilling leisure activities which will enhance my social growth and which will enable me to overcome social anxiety. I plan to achieve this through joining a socialization group whose members meet regularly during free time to discuss and debate social issues affecting human life.
The third goal is to engage in more constructive leisure activities, which foster a sense of purpose and usefulness. To attain this goal, I plan to join a volunteering group which is actively involved in environmental protection through, for example, plantation of trees. Fourthly, I wish to reduce time that I take in watching TV, listening to radio, watching movies and playing computer games. My last goal is to engage in leisure activities which will help me to manage stress more effectively. All the leisure activities that I plan to participate in will enable me to realize the last two goals. Achieving these goals will enable me to improve and expand my leisure choices.
The following is a list of both local and Web resources which I can utilize to achieve the above goals:
Local resources
Russell, R. V., and L.M. Jamieson. Leisure Program Planning and Delivery. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 2007. Print.
Leitner, M. J., and S.F. Leitner. Leisure Enhancement. New York: Routledge, 2004. Print.
Mackenzie, L. and G. O’Toole. Occupation Analysis in Practice. New York: John Wiley &
Sons, 2011. Print.
Web resources
Admin, F. Planning Leisure Time, 2008. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. http://www.2time-sys.com/2008/05/28/planning-leisuretime/Chuang, D. J. Principles in Practice Improving Our Leisure Time, 2010. Web. 20 Mar. 2012.
http://www.csmin.org/pip/pip13.aspx,
Smith, C. How to Plan Leisure Goals So You Enjoy Life Better! 2009. Web. 20 Mar. 2012.
http://carmellesmith.articlealley.com/how-to-plan-leisure-goals-so-you-enjoy-life-better-756269.html
Works Cited
Bourbeau, J., Nault, D., and E. Borycki. Comprehensive Management of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease. London: PMPH-USA, 2002. Print.
Jenkins, J., and J.J.J. Pigram. Encyclopedia of Leisure and Outdoor Recreation. New York:
Routledge, 2003. Print.
Patterson, J. T. Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974. Oxford University Press,
1997. Print.
Evolution Flow Chart. Evaluating Research Methods
Evaluating Research Methods
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<Enter Institution>
Date of Submission
6242051856740Favourable Selection
Favourable Selection
17443451856740Selected against
Selected against
50927003122930Features similar to new species’
Features similar to new species’
2913380911225Parallel evolution
Parallel evolution
5234940911225Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution
677545911225Offspring
Offspring
39230305167630Large groups
Large groups
26587455167630Small groups
Small groups
13468355306060Alleles
Alleles
35731456347460Isolation (Geographic)
Isolation (Geographic)
25063456421755Gene flow
Gene flow
1276356528435Mutation
Mutation
6915157687310Population
Population
4157980907415Divergent evolution
Divergent evolution
42144951913890Features different
Features different
32073851974215Features alike
Features alike
38627052860040New Species
New Species
38061903675380Isolation (Reproductive)
Isolation (Reproductive)
12261852860040Environment
Environment
13785853675380Variation
Variation
23996654196715Genetic drift
Genetic drift
49657005996940Niche specific evolution
Niche specific evolution
48558457400290Different common Ancestor
Different common Ancestor
Evolution Flow Chart
1095375140335Reproduction (sexual)
Reproduction (sexual)
Statistical Methods
In the article from steam boats to tourism economics, the author James Mak mentions several papers he has written on the topic of tourism economics. In all these articles, it is evident that the author relies primarily on secondary data. When doing research on tourist departures in Asia, he collects data from relevant government departments to use in his research. This data was not intended for the purposes of his research, but it is the one that helps him draw inferences on the nature and frequency of travel by citizens in the particular country.
In the analysis of his data, he uses the induction approach. This is whereby data is collected and analyzed so as to come up with a trend or gather information from it. This is in contrast to deductive approach which collects data with an already pre-existing hypothesis and looks to prove or disprove it.
His research is also non experimental since he has no controls and his results do not have a specific precision that they must fulfill. This is in contrast to experimental research where the observer has a controllde environment and has a precise expected result.
His research is also quantitive in nature since he relies on numerical statistics to come up with results. He also samples several tourist hotels for bed occupancy after taxation and uses this data to come up with generalizations about the whole industry.
In one instant where he says they edited a book on Japan day to day life, he was an active observer. This can be deduced from the questions that he sought to answer e.g. why vending machines were so prevalent. From this essay, it is easy to see that a researcher can choose to use a mix of methods to best suit his aims.
Reference
Top of Form
Dwyer, L. (2011). The discovery of tourism economics. Bingley, UK: Emerald.
Bottom of Form
Domestic violence is also known as domestic abuse
Domestic violence
Domestic violence is also known as domestic abuse ,spousal abuse, or intimate partner violence(IPV),can be broadly defined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one of the partners in an intimate relationship such as a marriage, dating, family, friends or cohabitation. Domestic violence has many forms such a s hitting, kicking, biting, threats, sexual abuse, emotional abuse; controlling or intimidation; stalking. Violence among intimate partners has been long considered a serious problem.
Popular emphasis has tendered to be on women who are victims of domestic violence, many studies show that women suffer greater rates of injury due to domestic violence and some studies show that women suffer higher rates of assault, yet others show that while men tend to inflict injury at high rates the majority of domestic violence is overall is the reciprocal. All forms of domestic abuse have one purpose to gain and maintain total control over the victim; abusers use many tactics to exert power over their spouses or partner, such tactics include; isolation, threats, intimidation, denial and blame. Distinctions need to be found over the types of violence motives of perpetrators, and the social cultural context. Violence by a person against their intimate partner is often done as a way of controlling their partner even if it isn’t necessarily frequent.
Types of domestic abuse
(C.C.V) common couple violence, this kind of violence can occur from a single argument that may cause a partner to lash out at the other.
Intimate terrorism (I.T) -this mostly involves psychological and emotional abuse on a partner.
Violent resistance (V.R) -this is some times thought of as self defense and is the violence perpetrated by the victims on the abuser.
Mutual violent Control (M.V.C) – is a rare type of intimate partner abuse, it mostly occurs when both partners act out in a violent manner.
Causes of domestic violence
Poor self esteem, child growing in a hostile home is likely to have very little self worth. Anger is a fuel that will fan domestic violence. Drug and alcohol abuse, substance abuse may lead to out of control behavior that leads to secondary anger. An environment where violence is either taught by example or accepted as normal will imprint upon a child psyche thereby bringing about domestic violence.
Tactics abusers use to manipulate their victims,
Humiliation here the abuser will do everything in their power to make you feel bad about yourself. The abuser may also dominate you, they feel in charge of the relationship and makes all the decisions, they tell you things and expect you to obey without question. The abusers may also tend to isolate you; they will cut you from the outside world, keep you from seeing your family friends or even from going to work or school. Abusers will also use threats to avoid their partners from leaving them; they will blame their abusiveness on bad childhood or even the victims.
Summary
Domestic violence is critical and has devastating physical and emotional consequences for victims. Domestic violence during the last 20 years has been acknowledged as rapidly growing health concern. Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone yet the problem is often overlooked, excused or denied. This especially true when the abuse inflicted is psychological rather than physical. Domestic abuse, also known as spousal abuse, occurs when one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic abuse that involves physical violence is called domestic violence.
References
Melinda smith, M.A, and Jeanne Segal, PhD, Domestic Violence and Abuse.Helpguide.org
Alison Heisch, ‘Elizabeth I and the reinforcement of patriarchy’, Feminist review,4(1980).