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16656051162685Part 1: Background Information

Part 1: Background Information

Auckland International Campus

CATEGORY C

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

Title What is the role of digital processes and systems in eliminating inefficiencies and increased operational costs?

Date (start): 3/3/2022 Date (finish): 3/6/2022

Researcher(s): ……………………………….…………………………Academic/Ethical Supervisor:…………….………………

Brief description: The lack of digital processes and systems at Jidong Sande Animal Husbandry company leads to inefficiencies and increased operational costs.

1684655163830 Pathway Categories

Pathway Categories

2419985233045CATEGORY C:

Outside Cat. A and B but still with minimal ethical considerations.

I have considered the ethical implications of this research and consider it to be Category C.

I will raise potential ethical issues that arise with the supervisor. I furthermore undertake to carry out action/sto mitigate any risks.

Researcher(s)

Name: Wanqi Song Sign: Date:

………………………….…………………..………………………….

Reviewer 1:

Name: Sign: Date: ………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

Reviewer 2: (Member of AIC Research Ethics Committee)

Name: Sign: Date:

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

CATEGORY C:

Outside Cat. A and B but still with minimal ethical considerations.

I have considered the ethical implications of this research and consider it to be Category C.

I will raise potential ethical issues that arise with the supervisor. I furthermore undertake to carry out action/sto mitigate any risks.

Researcher(s)

Name: Wanqi Song Sign: Date:

………………………….…………………..………………………….

Reviewer 1:

Name: Sign: Date: ………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

Reviewer 2: (Member of AIC Research Ethics Committee)

Name: Sign: Date:

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

………………………….…………………..………………

-391795233045CATEGORY A & B:

Research or practice that involves:

Vulnerable participants

Identifiable personal information;

Taking / handling of any form of tissue/ fluid sample from humans/cadavers;

Any form of physical/psychological stress;

Situations which might place safety of participants / researchers at risk;

Administration / restriction of food, fluid or drug to a participant;

Potential conflict between applicant’s activities as researcher, clinician or teacher and their interests as professional/private individuals (including students, clients, patients);

Any form of deception.

CATEGORY A & B:

Research or practice that involves:

Vulnerable participants

Identifiable personal information;

Taking / handling of any form of tissue/ fluid sample from humans/cadavers;

Any form of physical/psychological stress;

Situations which might place safety of participants / researchers at risk;

Administration / restriction of food, fluid or drug to a participant;

Potential conflict between applicant’s activities as researcher, clinician or teacher and their interests as professional/private individuals (including students, clients, patients);

Any form of deception.

3117850120650

-213995189865CATEGORY B

Submit to OPAIC Research Ethics Committee (on separate form).

CATEGORY B

Submit to OPAIC Research Ethics Committee (on separate form).

Research methods, data or information that may be approved by an academic supervisor for Category C research: (tick where applicable)

Publically available data☑Date___________

Publically available reports☑Date___________

Publically available business plan¨Date___________

Observation in public spaces ¨Date___________

Comments: Use this space to note any conditions or special circumstances, or amendments required

I used secondary data as the basis of my research. Secondary information from both quantitative and qualitative studies in order to understand the numbers part and also the feelings of a majority of agricultural business in China with regard to use of digital technologies to reduce inefficiencies and cut on cost

Supervisor: I accept this research as Category C, and undertake to ensure that this research is carried out ethically.

Name:

Sign:

Date:

………………………….…………………..…………………………………………………………………

The Supervisor is responsible for ensuring that part 2 is completed before the project is reviewed and that scanned record of this completed document is kept on a secure site at AIC. Attached emails can be used as evidence of review.

75120528575Part 2: Details of ethical issues involved and actions taken

Part 2: Details of ethical issues involved and actions taken

This form should be completed by the applicant and checked by the supervisor before the project is approved..

ISSUES AREA COMMENT/RELEVANT ACTION

What data is involved? Provide an overview of the data being used, how it is being collected and how it will be used. Public data is that which is freely available on company website…. Secondary data. Collected via online library and used to inform the direction of the study regarding previous literature

How have you ensured that risks of potential harm are minimised to your host organisation, if it is part of your research? I have only used publicly available data that is pre-approved for use in a study

Will there be participants and how will they know about the purpose of the study and possible consequences to themselves or others of their participation? There will be no participants since this is a secondary research based on data and information that is already available. The decision was made following the COVID-19 regulations and the risk of infecting participants. No consequences are expected

Are there any issues regarding anonymity and or confidentiality of the data being used? Explain the processes you have put in place to ensure this. No. Every information used is provided online and in secondary research materials by the organization

How are potential threats to physical, emotional, cultural wellbeing being managed? Potential threats to physical, emotional, cultural wellbeing will be managed through extensive consultation from the supervisors on way forward and ensuring that all research used is throroughly cited and secondary sources acknowledged.

Is there any conflict of interest or role?

How will this be managed? There is no conflict of interest. I have no personal relations to any of the study materials used or the firm used for the case study

How is the research method justified, and how will you ensure it is properly carried out? The research method is aligned to the need to understand how other scholars and academic articles view the issue of digital technologies in the reduction of inefficiencies and costs in agricultural businesses.

How will confidentiality of potentially sensitive information be maintained? (Information already in the public arena is not an issue) There will be no need for that since the research addresses issues that the organization has raised in its public forums

How will the data be managed? What will they be used for? How will they be stored and for how long? Data will be arranged and managed regarding relevance to the issue of digital transition and cutting cost. They will be used to provide details on the organization and what is required moving forward.

Who will receive a copy of the completed report? How will it be made available to interested parties (e.g. host organisation)? The completed report will be provided to the professor, the school, and if approved, published for research development purposes.

Potential threats to Otago Polytechnic Sustainability policy None

Evidence of engagement with Kaitohutohu Office Will the research involve Māori? (no)

Is the research being conducted by Māori? (no)

Are the results likely to be of specific interest or relevance to Māori? (no)

Could the research potentially benefit Māori? (yes)

1778057785Part 3: AIC Record of ethics applications and approval to be kept on file

Part 3: AIC Record of ethics applications and approval to be kept on file

Category C

Name of project:

Name of researcher:

Name of supervisor:

AIC Research Ethics CommitteeApproved¨

Conditional Approval¨

Not approved¨

Name:

Signed:

Date:

AIBF faces several risk exposures in the international business sense

FINANCE

NAME

UNIT

DATE

Statement of the Problem

By holding the debt market instruments, AIBF faces several risk exposures in the international business sense. The first problem the AIBF faces is the foreign exchange risk exposure. This risk exposure comes in three basic forms. The first aspect is the transaction risk, which encompasses the risk of possible variation of value of the French currency that in turn would affect the value of the future cash flows that have already been committed. Due to the great uncertainties in the future of the European current situation, the transaction risk is a real risk that AIBF must be aware of and be prepared to deal with. The second aspect of the risk is the translation risk (or the accounting risk as it sometimes referred to). This risk is a problem that needs to be addressed by AIBF because it stands to cause a variation in the value of debt instruments that AIBF holds and which are denominated in the French currency; or in foreign currency in general. Lastly, a broader economic risk stands in the way of AIBF. This risk accounts for the impact that the variations on exchange rates are likely to affect the competitiveness of the AIBF in the Australian market.

This paper presents the risk management strategies in light of the above risk exposures and problems facing AIBF. While economic risks are general hard to manage, the paper attempts to formulate strategies that can be used to mitigate the other risks effectively in the short-term and presents situations under which the strategies are likely to work well. In light of the numerous hedging strategies available to manage the risk of exposure to foreign exchange risk, the paper argues that domestic currency invoicing is a good strategy that IABF should consider, besides the hedging instruments. This is in line with the views expressed by Döhring, who posits that domestic currency invoicing is a powerful tool that firms which deal in international market can use, while hedging instruments have become instrumental for firms to hedge against the risks that relate to exposure to foreign exchange rates (Döhring, 2008, P. 8).

Strategies to Manage the Problem

There are a number of strategies that AIBF can use to mitigate the risk of exposure to fluctuations of French currency. Given that the problem mainly lies with the debt finance instruments, and the risk involved is of short-term nature, one of the options of managing the risk of exposure to the AIBF is hedging. Given the situation, one of the forecasts that can be deduced from the situation is direction of fluctuation in the currency exchange rate for the French currency (Wei, 1999, p. 1378). Since it is more likely for the French currency to lose value hence the value of the held instruments, an appropriate hedging instrument should be used. Hedging is a good tool to deal with the short-term risk because there is a huge risk of uncertainties that would be involved in the long-term (Muller and Verschoor, 2006, p. 200). Therefore, hedging is an appropriate strategy and the AIBF should approach it as highlighted below.

Using Forward Contracts and Swaps

AIBF can use forward contracts to hedge against the possible exposure to the foreign exchange risk. A forward contract is a hedging instrument that secures companies or trading parties against the depreciation of the receivable currency. The same contract secures the paying party against the risk of currency appreciation. In this type of contract, an agreement would be made between AIBF and French firm that agrees to buy an amount equivalent to what AIBF would expect to get in terms of short periods. For instance, AIBF may decide to estimate that in the next 6 months, it anticipates to get 80 000 dollars. It might decide to go into contract with a foreign firm so that the firm agrees to purchase the amount in 6 months at an agreed exchange rate or forward exchange rate.

On the other hand a swap is a contract involving the foreign currency where “the buyer and the seller exchange equal initial principal amounts of two different currencies at the spot rate” (Döhring, 2008. P. 10). In this case, the buyer exchanges fixed or floating rates of interest payment with the seller in their corresponding swapped currencies as the term of the contract lasts. At maturity of the contract agreement, the principal amount is successfully re-swapped at an exchange rate that was already predetermined so that both parties end up with their initial currencies. The advantages of swaps are manifold for IABF. First, since IABF is a high risk venture, the firm does not have appetite for exchange rate risk and thus can effectively move to a partially or totally hedged position through the mechanism of foreign currency swaps (Wong, 2003, p. 834). On another hand, IABF will still be able to leave the underlying borrowing intact. Apart from offering cover for the exchange rate risk, this type of risk management instrument would also allow IABF to hedge the floating interest rate risk.

Use of Domestic Currency Invoicing

IABF can also consider using domestic currency invoicing. In this case, this strategy would be instrumental for AIBF to guard itself against transaction risk (Sivakumar and sarkar, 2005, p. 10). By invoicing in the Australian currency, AIBF would be able to safeguard its competitiveness in the local market as well as guarding itself against the transaction risks that would arise from uncertainties in the international market transactions.

Conclusion

Having assessed the situation and looked at possible strategies for IABF, it is important to point out that the strategies adopted by the firm need to target mitigation of the three risk exposures. Therefore, in light of the short-term desire to put in place strategies that would help IABF in dealing with the risk, hedging strategies should be used alongside domestic currency invoicing.

Reference:

Döhring, B., 2008. Hedging and invoicing strategies to reduce exchange rate exposure: a euro-area perspective. European Commission

Muller, A. and Verschoor W., 2006. European Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure, in: European Financial Management, 12(2), 195-220.

Sivakumar, A and Sarkar R., 2005. Corporate Hedging for Foreign Exchange Risk in India. Kanpur, India HYPERLINK “http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/convention/papers/Marketing,%20Finance%20and%20International%20Strategy-07-Anuradha%20Sivakumar%20Runa%20Sarkar.pdf” http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/convention/papers/Marketing,%20Finance%20and%20International%20Strategy-07-Anuradha%20Sivakumar%20Runa%20Sarkar.pdf.

Wei, J., 1999. Currency hedging and goods trade, in: European Economic Review, 43(7), 1371-1394.

Wong, K., 2003. Currency hedging with options and futures, in: European Economic Review, 47(5), 833-839.

Evaluation of a talent management program

Evaluation of a talent management program

A talent management evaluation program allows employees to be supervised or managed using automated talent profiles, proper administration of career, staffing new employees and also proper planning with time. It also ensures that the right candidates recruited are in the right positions within the organization (Sparrow, Hird & Cooper, 2012).

Its advantages are reduced cost of recruitment and a high rate in maintaining the staff recruited over a long period of time. It also helps to control the staff to ensure more productive growth. Positioning the right recruits in their area of specialization results to more and quality output.

It also gives ideas to the organization on how to reward the output of their workforce by means of payment and this in return ensures a high morale towards achieving objectives set for the firm and quality output due to competency employed in those roles (Fleetwood & Hesketh, 2009).

HYPERLINK “http://www.cornerstoneondemand.com/performance-appraisals-assessments-employee-reviews” Employee Performance Reviews

Using an automated review system it will be easier to evaluate and consider an employee`s work output over a given period of time or throughout the firm`s business year.

A talent Management evaluation program also helps in developing ideas used to develop an individuals output mainly done by recommending a training session for that individual. This involves the following steps:

Constructing and managing single and multi level employee`s competency models

Figure out employee`s strengths and weaknesses

Examine the results gotten in good time

Create individual development plans for the employee

Follow and preserve those assessments

A talent Management evaluation program identifies that most firms currently depend on technology mainly to motivate employees in taking a dynamic role in the development of careers within an organization. It involves career planning which in return helps you to allocate your workforce to the perfect roles within the organization (Sparrow, Hird & Cooper, 2012).

A talent Management evaluation program is important because it contributes to the overall efficiency in a firm and provides tools that a HR needs to run or perform other roles. Another role a HR should perform is recognizing the worthiness of committed and self motivated employees. He must act as their representative and should address their needs and concerns.

Modern HR departments must also carry out an evaluation between HR practices and the objectives of the firm therefore must come up with ideas to create policies and best practices to meet these objectives (Brewster, Sparrow & Vernon, 2007).

What criteria should be used to evaluate

A firm must also decide on what process of evaluation it will use .It must also decide whether it will evaluate on individual basis or evaluate depending on job results. This process is influenced mainly by the person to be evaluated and how the organization plans to carry out this process.

A talent Management evaluation program can be based on job result. Mainly result indexes are used for review purposes. Example of result indexes includes sales volumes and quality and amount of work output. Where job results are not easily available other methods of evaluation are used and this includes evaluating employees’ behavior and other personal traits (Fleetwood & Hesketh, 2009).

References

Sparrow, P.R., Hird, M. & Cooper, C., (2012). The Future Role of HR.  London: Palgrave.

Fleetwood, S. & Hesketh, A., (2009). Understanding the Performance of Human Resources, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brewster, C, Sparrow, P.R. & Vernon, G., (2007). International human resource management. 2ndEd.  London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.