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Ethics, The Divine Command Theory
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Ethics, The Divine Command Theory
The Divine Command Theory incorporates two basic claims: a god or gods approve of or command certain actions and the deeds that the god or gods endorse or command are morally right because of this approval or command (Gierrson & Holmgren 33). This theory places importance on religion and the god worshipped in the determination of whether something is right or wrong. What has been chosen by god or the gods as being right is followed as being correct. In religion, this is based on what is written, for example, in the Bible or the Quran as being what one is expected to do. This school of thought has, however, brought many issues due to its ambiguity and the lack of a specific ‘god’ who approves what is noble or what is not. This causes conflict as what is right according to one god may not be so according to the other. An example of such an issue is where a group of physicians who performed abortions were killed by a group of people who claimed they were following the word of God (Gierrson & Holmgren 33). The people considered their actions as being morally correct.
There is an ethical dilemma as the underlying act in both sides was killing which God does not approve of in the Bible. The use of this theory in solving ethical dilemmas, therefore, brings confusion as there are different things that are approved of by the god at different times. For example, in the Old Testament, God brings a storm and kills everyone on the earth except Noah and his family. However, it is later written in the Bible that one shall not kill. Using the Divine Command theory has led to the upcoming groups of extremist individuals who take it upon themselves to avenge those who do what they do not consider morally correct. As with the group above, they condemn and even hurt those against them. Another example of such a situation is the Jihad wars against Christianity where one religion see themselves as being better that the rest of the religions. The theory cannot be used conclusively to come to a decision in regard to whether a deed is right or wrong. If the Divine Command theory is true, then would it also be true that god’s choice of moral laws is, in essence, an arbitrary act of will. This means that god has to choose between actions deciding which among them is right or wrong. The theory impedes on the free will human beings were given as they cannot make decisions based on their own judgments. They have to rely on preapproved laws that are either right or wrong. Consequently, where one interprets actions that harm others as being right, according to their god, they may go ahead and cause a lot of harm to others.
The major advantage derived from Divine Command theory is, it espouses facts of moral rightness or wrongness as an objective and non natural facts (Clark 101). This means that it is not subject to the thoughts of any one individual and hence if consistent can define what is noble or what is not. The non natural state of the theory is because it cannot be proven or tested by human beings and one has to follow it out of their own belief. Its primary shortcoming is that it is not consistent and hence one can interpret it in whichever way they want and decide to fulfill the higher beings wishes on what is noble or what is not. In addition, those who do not believe in gods such as atheists will have no moral compass to steer in regard to what is noble and what is not.
The claim about human beings subscribing to the Divine Command theory is not true as they have been given free will to undertake or participate in what they perceive to be right. Human beings act institutively in choosing what is morally right depending on their past experiences and values. The Divine Command theory and religion form an underlying concept which an individual considers in making a moral decision but may not necessarily do the right thing. An example is in cheating for an examination that one has not studied for in order to get good grades. However, it is considered morally wrong as it entails reaping where one has not sown. The Divine Command theory also comes into play here as cheating is considered bad in the Bible. The individual faced with this dilemma may consider the religious teachings and decide not to cheat or may put himself past and consider the consequences of not getting a good grade to their future and decide to cheat in the examination. In this case, the individual did not rely on the Divine Command theory to make the decision. The average person tends to be geared towards taking care of their own interests and of things which are pertinent to him such as their community and cultures. They are, therefore, when faced with a moral dilemma, likely to cater for themselves and their needs before thinking of other people. These needs may come before any of the teachings and religious beliefs that one may have. Making a decision on whether an action is morally right or wrong is largely dependent on their personal values and what they intrinsically believe is the right thing. This explains why an action considered right by one person may be wrong to another person.
Works Cited
Gierrson, H. & Holmgren, M.R. Ethical Theory: A Concise Anthology. New York: Broadview Press Limited, 2001. Print.
Clark, K.J. Readings in the Philosophy of Religion. New York: Broadview Press Limited, 2008. Print.
How mass media impacts women
How mass media impacts women:
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Declaration
This report is a result of the researchers’ independent investigation and has never been submitted for approval by any other researcher or institution.
Abstract.
The world is going through an era of information burst. To others, the globe has developed into a global village. The use of electronic media has revolutionized the media. It does not matter where one is since the information flows from one location to another. Technological advancement has greatly modified the world environment in all manner. The changes are most noticeable among the young generation since older people are slow to adapt or are rather rigid. The types of media include radio, television, telephone, mobile phones, video conferencing, social networking, and newspapers. The world now is more sophisticated than it was in the 19th century (Perse & Lambe, 2016). Mass media are the intellectualized organizations indulging in the formation, selection, handling, and dissemination of content in the world. The media disseminates information to people. The media enlightens, teaches, advertises, and entertains its followers. Mass media is a chief asset for all liberal democracies. Politicians use mass media forums to champion for freedom in the American context. In this democracies, the media advocates for change and criticizes the government. This study investigated the influence of media on women. Literature review was carried out on previous researches on the topic. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research types. A cross-sectional study design was selected for the study to allow the collection of data over a particular time.
Chapter one: Introduction
1.1 Problem statement
The constant communication upheaval has unlocked up more prospects for women who have been denied representation for generations. The utilization of the media is still uninhibited and misguided. Children and women are still the most underprivileged groups in the community despite the immense boast of technological progression. Women regularly demonstrate on issues of discrimination, disparity, and abuse by the male-dominated media staff. The media is predominantly active in selling injudicious concepts and stereotypes that hamper accomplishing gender equality. Scholars hypothesize that the media carries on the presentation of women as the fragile gender. For instance, in the United States, mass media broadcasts the belief that men are merely sex-driven in relationships while women function as sexual entities. Feminists claim that the movies shown in the media have resulted in the anorexic Nervosa which is witnessed in the young generations (Cortese, 2015). The new generation has accepted the opinion that men are only fascinated by skinny, young, and beautiful women. The paper aims to determine the effect of mass media on women.
1.2 Scope of the study.
The research was undertaken in both rural and urban women.1.3 Justification
Women have come a long way in the process of achieving gender equality. The gender protests of the 20th century increased women representation in media outlets, although the numbers are far from achieving gender equality. For instance, women only represent 10% of news stories, they only represent approximately 20% of the experts interviewed, television programs generally have less than 35% of women as actors (Patowary, 2014). Besides, women in films play supporting roles. The stereotypes towards women have been especially detrimental. Some of the stereotypes include: that role of the woman is at home where they have to do all housework duties, women cannot make crucial decisions, women must always be dependent on men, and women are sexual objects. Women have adapted to images sold by the mass media of how they should look. An ideal woman should be thin, white, fit, and with blonde hair. The effect of these is manifested in video games where creators display women with revealing clothes or even nude while the men are usually clothed appropriately.
1.4 Research questions
1.4.1 Main Research question
What is the impact of media among women?
1.4.2 Other research questions
What is the impact of media on women’s perception?
What is the impact of media on women’s involvement in various sectors such as agriculture occupation and entertainment?
How has media contributed to the empowerment of women?
1.5 Research objectives
1.5.1 Broad objective
To determine the impact of media among women.
1.5.2 Specific objectives
To determine the impact of women’s perception by the media.
To determine the impact of media on women’s involvement in various sectors such as agriculture occupation and entertainment.
To establish the contribution of media to women empowerment.
1.6 Hypotheses
The media has contributed significantly to the empowerment of women.
Women have a negative perception as a result of various media content and practices.
Women have engaged in various sectors as a result of information obtained from the media.
1.7 Limitations and delimitations
1.7.1 Limitations
Researchers experienced time constraints, especially obtaining information from the respondents.
The cost of carrying out the research was too high. This is especially on activities such as printing questionnaires and transportation costs.
Some correspondents were unwilling to give information.
There was a language barrier as some respondents could not speak in a national language.
1.7.2 Delimitations
Researchers maximized on researching during the available time. The sample size was reduced as appropriate.
The researchers hired a means of transportation to be able to reduce the cost of acquiring one each day. The cost of carrying out the research was cost-shared among the researchers.
Incentives were used to encourage respondents to give information.
Researchers identified a member from among the samples who were conversant with the local language and could speak a national language to interpret when needed.
1.8 Assumptions
That the researchers obtained permission from relevant authorities to carry out the study within their jurisdiction.
That the researchers duly obtained consent from the respondents.
That the information given by the respondents is accurate and can be used to generalize the study on the population.
That the researchers have not violated the ethical code of carrying out research.
Chapter two: Literature review
2.1 Impact of media on women perception
2.1.1 Body image
Attitude refers to one’s opinion, feelings, or thoughts about something. In this subtopic, we review literature conducted on how the media has influenced women’s attitudes to various aspects of life. Of particular interest is body image. A lot of resources are being used to adventure on how women can change their body image. Many women confess to being body-conscious and, as such, will pull all strings to ensure that their body shape is appealing. This has informed the flourishing of the cosmetic industry. Even in the medical field, pharmacological therapies are being used off label to enhance beauty. Some go to the extent of abusing such drugs, sometimes with the aid of the healthcare workers. Media has significantly contributed to these ideas of body image.
Many people especially young adults have access to information about the ideal state of beauty. Incorporation of these ideas has led to the differentiation between oneself and the ideal state. This has led to the public health problem of body dissatisfaction (Uchoa, 2019). Body dissatisfaction is especially observed among the female gender. As the young girls grow from childhood into adolescence, they identify with their older peers. It’s at this point that they learn the ideal state of attractiveness that makes them acceptable in society. Of note is that the sources of information from which they learn, include social media platforms (Bearman, 2006). Mass media may result in adolescents incorporating the ideal state and consequently go into body dissatisfaction when they can’t measure up to the ideal state (Vries, 2019).
2.1.2 Perception of eating and effects.
With the advancement in technology and the evolution of dietary practices, many have drastically transformed their nutritional practice to achieve a certain goal. Professional nutritional advice has also been accessible. Hence, people make informed nutritional choices. However, of interest to this study is the perception that women have on eating. Some women believe that eating some food substances will result in gaining weight and undesirable body shape. This informs the decision to undertake drastic activities to reduce their body weight. Through social media, people have access to information about the consequences of ingestion of some substances. Others learn through the experience of their peers that are shred in social media.
Through the media, women learn the standard beauty practices from the actresses, models, and the female presenters. The majority of these groups have adopted a slim body shape. Hence their viewers end up engaging in drastic bodyweight reduction practices. Social media seems to glorify some body shapes and discredit others (Spettigue, 2004). It has been shown that there is an increasing trend of eating disorders with the advancement of technology and the use of social media. Mass media has promoted the acceptance of the thinness standard. It has portrayed it as an ideal state and as a way to achieve social approval in terms of attractiveness (Peroutsi, 2011).
2.2 Impact of media on women’s involvement in various activities.
Advancement in media has revolutionized the practice of advertisement. Hitherto, advertisements could be done through mainstream media platforms including, radio and televisions. This was a disadvantage to many women since men were the ones known to be viewers and listeners of televisions and radios respectively. However, with the evolution of media practices, advertisements can be done on any platform including, social media platforms. It’s important to note that even social media draw part of their earnings through advertisements. This is quite an advantage to women as the majority are known to prefer the use of social media than the mainstream media.
2.2.1 Influence on women’s practice of agriculture
For many years, women have been known to provide casual labor on farms rather than managerial or administrative duties. In ancient Egyptian culture and the early civilization, the role of women was negated in many aspects. A gender role is a set of standards dictating the activities that are appropriate to be carried out by a certain gender. The women could only engage in certain farming activities while the men could carry out more lucrative chores (Khalil, 2017). In the current civilization, women still perform most of the labor work in terms of agriculture. However, unlike before, they also engage in managerial duties. Unfortunately, women still do not measure up to men in terms of their productivity. This partly is due to the discrepancies that exist in terms of education. Women have not benefited much from the educational programs being run in the mainstream media with regards to agriculture (Diiro, 2018).
As in other sectors, agriculture is not left behind in the revolution of its media practices. The advertisement of agricultural produce and inputs has evolved to include social media platforms. As aforementioned, this is likely to benefit women who are known to use social media more than men. These practices create awareness and invoke interest among women to engage in agricultural practices (Evans, 2016). On average, women tend to use social media more than men (Alnjadat, 2019).
2.2.2 Effect on healthcare practice
Media can influence the kind of occupation one wants to undertake. Women are known to prefer lighter engagements to any duty. Therefore, the efficiency brought about by the media seems to resonate well with them. With healthcare practice, in particular, the advancement of telemedicine, professional networking, health information technology, and electronic health records has resulted in the field being attractive to women (Ventola, 2018). Physicians utilize media to advertise their services, to refer patients, monitor patients who are on home-based care, and even carry outpatient education
2.2.3 Effect on the media profession.
The articles reviewed reveal that women are often disproportionately affected by information inequality in mass media. Women are vastly underrepresented in top positions in media outlets. There is no refuting the benefits of mass media on women empowerment. However, women lag behind men in terms of internet accessibility. Women who have been exposed to the internet are prone to sexual harassment (Hanson, 2016). The situation is worse when women do not conform to social norms.
2.3 Contribution to the empowerment of women
2.3.1 Effect of media on women leadership.
At the workplace, the majority of the leadership positions are occupied by men. These positions are either reserved for men or the men outshine the ladies in a competitive process to acquire the positions. This has resulted in gender equality. However, through the influence of media, a lot is being done to undo this inequality. At the age of 11-17, girls are believed to be in the stage of “seeing is believing”. They draw inspiration and encouragement from their counterparts who occupy various leadership positions. The women identify with such role models when they have similar characteristics, one of them being the same gender. The internet confers a media of connection between the professionals and those who view them as role models (Katlyn, 2014).
In the united states, despite women making almost half of the workforce, there still exists a significant rift between them and men in terms of occupation of lucrative jobs. Numerically, although the female gender forms almost half of the united states population, they are not proportionally represented in the workforce. This is partly accredited to the negative stereotyping of women concerning leadership. The media has been shown to perpetuate these stereotypes. Exhibition of photos showing men and women engaging in different traditional activities propagates these stereotyping. The effect of such media activities is profound as it impacts negatively on women’s perception of their capabilities (Stefanie, 2012).
2.3.2 Political empowerment
Women have been enlightened on their right to be politically represented. However, this has not achieved much in terms of addressing gender disparity in political positions. It has led to some jurisdictions to draft constitutional laws enforcing the gender parity. The Kenyan two-thirds gender rule is a prototype. In the American congress, women hold only 90 of the 535 seats (Stefanie, 2012b). The male gender is evaluated more favorably than the female gender in terms of political positions. Media has aided in the propagation of this stereotype by giving more coverage to male political activities than they accord to women (Aaldering, 2016).
Chapter Three: Methodology.
3.1 Study area
The research was carried out in an urban area and its outskirts. The outskirts were assumed to be a rural area.
3.2 Study population
The study was limited to adult women. The urban and outskirts designation classified the women into those living in urban areas and those living in rural areas respectively. The researchers obtained information from women in various sectors. In the urban area, the respondents were drawn from those at the workplace and those in various leadership positions. In the outskirts, data was obtained from those in the agricultural sector and those carrying out casual duties.
3.3 Study design
A cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. It merits for this study as information obtained from the sample will be generalized among the women population. It will be used to collect data from the sample drawn from the population. Its strengths are as follows: it is fast, it is cost-effective, there’s no loss to follow-up, it allows collection of data over a short period and there is an in-depth collection of data. Among its weakness is that it is not ideal for testing a hypothesis. Besides, it is difficult to explain a causal relationship from data collected in a cross-sectional time frame.
3.4 Sample size determinationFischer’s et al formula of 1998 for a population less than 3500 was used to determine the sample size.
n=z2 (pq)/d2
Where;
N=desired sample
Z= standard normal deviation set at 1.96 which corresponds to confidence level (1%)
P=proportion of target population estimated at 30% to have characteristic being measured who attend Kabarnet level 4 Hospital. This is 0.30.
Q=1-p
D= margin of error allowed 0.05
In substitution, N = (1.96×1.96) *(0.30[1-0.30]/ [0.05×0.05]) = 322
The desired sample size is 322 women.
3.5 Sampling procedure
A purposeful sampling method was adopted for this study. This was appropriate to obtain information only from relevant correspondents.
3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
3.6.1 Inclusion criteria
Women who are of the adult age (>18 years old).
Women who are of sound mind and were willing to offer information.
Women who were within the designated study area as per the time of data collection.
3.6.2 Exclusion criteria
Women of unsound mind.
Women who fall under the age of minors
3.7 Variables
3.7.1 dependent variable
Impact on engagement in various sectors.
Impact on perception.
Impact on empowerment.
3.7.2 independent variable
Media.
3.8 Data collection instruments
The researchers administered approved questionnaires to help in obtaining information. A total of 330 questionnaires were distributed equally according to the two target groups. Of these, the questionnaires that were obtained back were 301. After cleaning and sorting, a total of 285 questionnaires were used for data analysis.
3.9 Ethical consideration.
The researchers sought permission from the research ethics committee. Upon obtaining permission, the researchers adhered to the ethical code of carrying out research. The respondents were given information about the research and granted informed consent.
References
Aaldering, L., & Vliegenthart, R. (2016). Political leaders and the media. Can we measure political leadership images in newspapers using computer-assisted content analysis?. Quality & quantity, 50, 1871–1905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0242-9
Alnjadat, R., Hmaidi, M. M., Samha, T. E., Kilani, M. M., & Hasswan, A. M. (2019). Gender variations in social media usage and academic performance among the students of the University of Sharjah. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(4), 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.05.002
Bearman, S. K., Martinez, E., Stice, E., & Presnell, K. (2006). The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys. Journal of youth and adolescence, 35(2), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9010-9
Cortese, A. J. (2015). Provocateur: Images of women and minorities in advertising. Rowman & Littlefield.
De Vries, D. A., Vossen, H., & van der Kolk-van der Boom, P. (2019). Social Media and Body Dissatisfaction: Investigating the Attenuating Role of Positive Parent-Adolescent Relationships. Journal of youth and adolescence, 48(3), 527–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0956-9
Diiro, G. M., Seymour, G., Kassie, M., Muricho, G., & Muriithi, B. W. (2018). Women’s empowerment in agriculture and agricultural productivity: Evidence from rural maize farmer households in western Kenya. PloS one, 13(5), e0197995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197995
Evans J, Heiberger S. Agricultural Media Coverage of Farm Safety: Review of the Literature. J Agromedicine. 2016;21(1):91-105. DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2015.1106376. PMID: 26506853.
Hanson, R. E. (2016). Mass communication: Living in the media world. Sage Publications.
Ibrahim, F. (2018). Women, development, and mass media. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 5.
Katlyn G. (2014). How Women’s Consumption of Media InfluencesLeadership Development
Khalil, R., Moustafa, A. A., Moftah, M. Z., & Karim, A. A. (2017). How Knowledge of Ancient Egyptian Women Can Influence Today’s Gender Role: Does History Matter in Gender Psychology?. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 2053. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02053
Patowary, H. (2014). The portrayal of women in Indian mass media: An investigation.
Peroutsi A., Gonidakis F.,psychiatriki. 2011 July-sep 22(3):231-9
Perse, E. M., & Lambe, J. (2016). Media effects and society. Routledge.
Spettigue, W., & Henderson, K. A. (2004). Eating disorders and the role of the media. The Canadian child and adolescent psychiatry review = La revue canadienne de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, 13(1), 16–19.
Stefanie S. (2012)Exploring the effect of media images on women’s leadership self-perceptions and aspirations
Uchôa, F., Uchôa, N. M., Daniele, T., Lustosa, R. P., Garrido, N. D., Deana, N. F., Aranha, Á., & Alves, N. (2019). Influence of the Mass Media and Body Dissatisfaction on the Risk in Adolescents of Developing Eating Disorders. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(9), 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091508
Ventola C. L. (2014). Social media and health care professionals: benefits, risks, and best practices. P & T: a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 39(7),
Aesthetics of music and stage performance as opposed to Kierkegaard’s
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Aesthetics of music and stage performance as opposed to Kierkegaard’s
Music is an art that is practiced and appreciated by many in the society. It is practiced by a good number of people and not actually identified with a given social class or race. Aesthetics from a philosophical point deals with nature of art, beauty and taste. It is also associated with the creation and appreciation of beauty. Kierkegaard’s philosophy concerning live music performance and aesthetics has many shortcomings. Music is constituted of several other factors and not aesthetics only. Therefore, it is succinct that live performances and music composition are not in any way related with aesthetics.
Music composition and creativity is all about the mind and the various factors put together to make the whole concept plausible. The typology of music composed depends with the theme and rather the main subject being relayed by it. These factors in the first place determine the energy and nature of the performance of these songs. Stage performance entails a lot being combined, the high mental involvement, the nature of the crowd, say, revelers and the message being conveyed by the song itself concerning the music genre. These are logical mindsets with no lame attributes being assembled to mystify any sober mind thinking in the name of philosophy as we are being made to believe.
Kierkegaard generally bases his argument on three major perceptions and attributes them to values that are in a way likely to have an impact on live stage performance and composure. These are the aesthetic existence, ethical existence and religious existence in that order. They are all essentially attributed to enjoyment, struggle and victory and suffering respectively. Well, when the entire above are put under deep scrutiny and given a musical and entertainment relevance, they will bring some sense but still leaves unanswered questions to the concerned.
Mary Warnock helps us understand the three spheres that Kierkegaard is putting across and helps us bring out the illusion and the ambiguity in his theories.
The authenticity of Kierkegaard’s thinking is based majorly on the hurdles these artists have to skip in order to be classified as those who never constitute to the extinction of live music performance. This is not usually the case; a good performance is not usually planned for as it naturally comes out given the prevailing circumstances as per my point of view. He is giving the artist too much anticipation and desperation at the same time, if they actually put such aspects into consideration then they can never deliver what their fans expects of them as sometimes it may be too much.
This should not actually be the reason these artists are setting anticlimactic targets that are easily achievable but citing their desperation regarding aesthetic performance can be a bruise on their career in a way. His approach on subjectivity and objectivity on the artist’s side also suffers a cripple as he has collectively conceptualized the whole thing instead of analyzing it on an individual basis. Objective approach is therefore generally an extreme catalyst for exhaustion of the whole concept and only precipitates a negative aesthetic experience.
Generally, Kierkegaard’s philosophy phases a challenge whereby he is trying to analyze and understand all the music genres through the three spheres. Secular music and gospel music are performed differently depending with the artist’s subjective approach towards his deliverance. He is a real thought initiator by coming up with such complex illusions that are barely truthful and making us believe his analysis of Christianity and stage performance.
The philosopher also failed to highlight his strong views and opinion on the role of women in live musical performance and the general entertainment when it comes to that. Women cannot be sidelined when it comes to the nature and beauty of this whole art; they add some appeal and give it some sense of belonging. Any lively stage performance is associated with levitating females especially if it’s secular, this generally boosts the crowd’ energy and that of the artist as well. Therefore, when it comes to struggles and victory, this is one of the things that constitute them.
It is also interesting to know that whatever one feels when listening to a given music may not be mutual with the party they are with at the same time. Music genres and any other music category tends to be associated with a particular group of persons, that is why music comes in with esoteric psychology and therefore the poignancy might not be related. Therefore, these feelings evoked by whatever we listen to are never the same and so our opinions and views concerning live stage performance will always differ. In addition, I strongly believe that there is no social scale of measuring this whole concept or rather no identified brain to determine a performance unless it was generally whack.
The music environment also plays a major role in this whole concept. It is mainly associated with the age of the concerned parties and nurturing musical literacy. It therefore inspires the type of music that is listened to and the subjective way of delivery. If this were given an objective approach, it would definitely result to a pathetic fail, as you should make the people and the environment your subject. This is on the contrary to the gospel Kierkegaard is preaching in his illusion spheres. The music environment should be a matter of concern to any aspect of performance because it assists in the rhythmic development especially when kids are involved.
When it comes to achieving aesthetic stage and live performance, music representation must be given a damn. The manner in which the artist stages his performance counts a lot and points a mark to the general outcome of what is expected of him. The aesthetic importance of musical contribution is considered by factors such as the pictorials, general musical semantics as analyzed by the American philosopher Nelson Goodman and other dramatic stage aspects. How the picture grid and the art is portrayed in the pictorials in a given clip depending with how the caricature is typified adds something on the product of the performance. These are among the major things that one Mr. Kierkegaard failed to highlight in his entire work hence raising eyebrows.
Music can also be viewed as a philosophy whereby we tend to link it to poetry and put in the philosophical discourse that brings in the reality. With this, the nature of its composition and the real touch that is brought out is based on culture and maybe touches on the real life of a given society or community. It fundamentally and explicitly tags a claim that music in a give way provides a main feature of existence into the reality. With such in mind, it is definitely not implausible to cite that it will have an even tremendous effect on the live stage performance when the artist is delegating his duty. This is just one of the many important that we lacked in the prior argument concerning Kierkegaard’s work.
The other necessary factor that missed out in that particular work comes in where Sonnet Kierkegaard failed to explicate something on performance and obligation. The nature of a performance that is got from san artist is not only determined by the factors he was cited, that is aesthetics, ethics and religion. Factors such as energy find their way in, positive energy, motivation from the event organizers and other general social factors. These might include the general security in which the event is taking place, due payments must also be given a concern. Nelson Goodman says that a true definition of a performance involves the artist idea of being aware of usual practice. This will enable the artist to consider the expected contemporary matters such as self-obligation. This also involves the musical literacy in consideration with the genres and giving an absolutely competent performance much to the chagrin of many.
Music popularity and intolerance also points a mark. This has been clouded by contradictory stereotypes and various perceptions that majorly negate the actual performance of an upcoming artist or may an unpopular artist. Music more like sets our culture, determines the societal moral behavior and etiquette. This has seen music classes develop some horrific and unwanted injustices from production to the general stage output. The end result precipitated by these all is music being the obvious culprit of intolerance due to the number of people immersed in this particular art. This has seen the distinction in aesthetic sense drastically take course to being blurred in educational setting.
The song and music drama also crops up a serious debate that in long run pulls out a significant difference in aesthetic aspect, which is so much a concern to us. Song is generally common to human culture that has music of any kind. There are debatable moments in which songs can be said to be fundamental music, natural music and also the most expensive of them all. This usually depends with what has been put in place to categorize the said song into a classified genre that will eventually alter its performance. Gospel hymns are identified with humility while hip-hop and anything related is identified with a lot of energy, bravado and some kind of unapologetic braggadocio. These transitions from songs to music are what actually bring out the difference when it comes to live performance. This will determine the degree of aesthetic appeal on the outcome. We are also aware that Kierkegaard failed to highlight or rather have them based on his arguments.
History also gives a cake bite on this diverse and much debated aspect, the Aesthetics of music, professor Sparshott argues on the evolution of this particular culture and how the societal practices affects the deliverance an general stage performance in this art. History plays a major role especially when something concerning the people’s culture is a major future on the said song. Kierkegaard failed to consider this to back up his argument to make it so concrete and convince us that his research and final work was worth the hype.
In conclusion, we realize that there is factual information and opinionated information. The entire argument and debate regarding Kierkegaard’s philosophy of the aesthetic stage of existence and live musical performance is just a case study of opinions versus facts.
We realize that he gave objectivity a major concern over subjectivity on the contrary to what should be done by the artists immersed in this musical art. Objectivity results to an epic fail when so much upon insinuated. His opinions were so much related to human facts and others believed the authenticity of his thinking until Mary Warnock challenged his whole work.
Basically, aesthetic performance requires mental involvement with real facts and not illusions as Kierkegaard made us believe so much. I therefore defer with his whole concept of stage performance. He combined religion, ethics and aesthetics in his whole analysis and did use the plural ‘we’ for everybody and not ‘I’ for a personal opinion or maybe for an individual reference. I actually expected a diversified argument based on this because we have different music genres, which are either secular or gospel.
All these songs have different cultures and different expectations from their various audiences regardless of the process used to give the final product. I therefore strongly believe that music representation, music history, popularity and intolerance, music and song drama constitutes to be the better determinants of aesthetics and live stage performance as opposed to Kierkegaard’s three spheres.