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How Environmental Foundations
How Environmental Foundations Impact Wildlife
Student’s Name
Institution
Topic: How environmental foundations impact wildlife
Specific purpose: To inform peers of what different organizations have done to save wildlife and earth itself.
Audience: Classmates
Thesis Statement: Environmental foundations are leading the charge in protecting wildlife from extinction and human-related activities through research, lobbying for wildlife-friendly policies as well as economically helping locals living near wildlife to benefit from tourism to reduce human-wildlife conflict.
Introduction:
Attention material: There are not many experiences in the world that can match the thrill, the joy, and the experience of touring animal conservation sites, aquariums, zoos, parks, or even tours in the Safari in Africa. If you are yet to visit any of these, then you are missing out. Wildlife is an essential part of the ecosystem. However, the existence of wildlife is under threat due to human-related activities and natural causes.
Tie to the audience: To put matters into context, research by Stein et al. (2018) indicates that one-third of the wildlife in the United States are at risk of extinction while 150 species have been wiped out from the face of the earth.
Thesis and preview: Today, I would like to speak about the role that environmental foundations within the United States and the world are playing to help preserve wildlife as well as preserve our planet which houses the wildlife through research, lobbying for wildlife-friendly policies as well as economically helping locals living near wildlife to benefit from tourism to reduce human-wildlife conflict.
II. BODY
One of the ways in which environmental organizations help in the conversation of wildlife is through conducting research. Research helps to outline different animal species around the globe, establish their natural settings, and also develop new ways of helping to artificially reproduce endangered species to prevent their extinction.
Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) is one of the environmental organizations which are instrumental in the conservation of wildlife. Their work on research has significantly contributed to the creation of safe homes for wildlife as well as influence opinions among wildlife stakeholders.
The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) is another environmental organization whose research has contributed to the conservation of wildlife. The SCB organization’s research; The changing landscape of conservation science funding in the United States offers insights into changing dynamics in wildlife conservation in the United States (Bakker et al.,2010). Research similar to the one conducted by SBC allows the public to keep track of efforts made by the government in terms of funding, how they help in conservation efforts, as well as offer directions on the way forward. Keeping track of funding helps to make the government accountable in wildlife conservation efforts.
Environmental organizations are also actively involved in influencing policies which are critical in wildlife conservation efforts.
Government policy is a crucial factor in wildlife conservation as it determines the approach the government takes concerning issues such as funding, laws, and efforts to identifying endangered species and protecting them. Environmental organizations help to provide guidelines and lobby the government to make convenient and favorable policies for wildlife.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has made significant efforts in attempts towards creating transformative change in wildlife conservation. The organization partners with the United States, other institutions that protect wildlife as well as other foreign governments.
Environmental organizations also help locals living near wildlife conservation habitats or regions by empowering their economic opportunities, which is instrumental in reducing human-wildlife conflict.
One of the main problems which lead to extinction in wildlife is the conflict between humans and wildlife. The conflict often stems from economic challenges facing humans, which leads them to hunt for wildlife or exploit wildlife habitats. Wildlife conservation plays a critical role in reducing human-wildlife conflict.
The African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) is an instrumental organization that has, in recent years, helped marginalized communities in crucial tourism areas t benefit from tourism. The organization employs locals as well as purchases local products to help the locals appreciate the importance of wildlife and tourism (African Wildlife Foundation, n. d). The efforts help to reduce human-wildlife conflict by assisting the locals in deriving economic benefits from wildlife habitats in their regions.
III. CONCLUSION
Transition: As you have heard, environmental organizations are critical components in the fight towards the conservation of wildlife.
Summary: Environmental foundations help in critical areas such as conducting research, which helps to improve conservation efforts, help locals in conservation habitats to reduce human-wildlife conflicts, lobby government for favorable policies.
Concluding remarks: It is essential to understand, acknowledge, and support the work of environmental foundations in the efforts towards wildlife and the earth’s conservation. Only then, will we continue to benefit from the beautiful nature that we still have today.
Author’s Statement
The purpose of my speech is to bring into attention the vital work that environmental foundations and organizations are playing in the world today. I intend to inform my classmates of the efforts that they are undertaking in the world today to help conserve endangered species, other wildlife, save the earth, which is our habitat as well as the wildlife’s habitat. After delivering the speech, I want my classmates to understand that wildlife is an integral part of their lives. I want them to realize that their existence has been made possible through the efforts of selfless organizations that have committed their resources, time, and effort to make conservation possible. My speech is inclined towards ensuring that my classmates take note of the work behind the scenes while they enjoy wildlife in various places, which aid in wildlife conservations around the globe.
During the process of planning my speech, I paid attention to the type of audience. My classmates are not experts in matters of wildlife conservation. As a result, I made sure that I introduced them to some of the wildlife and environmental conservations. This was easier for them to understand as they are things that they have read or heard about at one point in their lives. I then linked the conservation efforts and programs with various foundations around the globe that are involved in the processes.
I took a reasonable amount of time to plan my speech. The first thing that I did was research on the state of wildlife. I then proceeded to research various organizations and foundations which are involved in environmental and wildlife conservation. Lastly, I linked the three angles of my research to develop a speech that was easily understandable to my classmates. I also choose to mention efforts made by organizations first as opposed to the names of the organizations because I wanted to create an interesting angle to the speech where the audience will want to know which organizations are attributed to the efforts. This will help reduce boredom during the speech by aiding in active listening.
Visual aids can help improve my delivery and the success of my speech to my classmates. I plan to incorporate visual aids that are relevant to the points which I outline. I will include images from various organizations’ websites that are relevant to environmental and wildlife conservation. One of the reasons why I will opt for images that are relevant to my point and organization, which I intend to explain is my quest to invoke interest among my classmates. Images will cause them to want to do more research on the organizations and also help them to acquire more knowledge about them.
In this speech, I used a more comfortable and friend approach. The approach was less technical compared to project 5. I understood that for the current project, my audience was not technical, and thus I used a more relaxed and friendly way of describing my points. Also, my format of delivering information was different as it aimed at keeping my audience and interested during the entire time spent on the speech.
References
African Wildlife Foundation (n. d). Impact Investing, https://www.awf.org/community/impact-investingBakker, V. J., Baum, J. K., Brodie, J. F., Salomon, A. K., Dickson, B. G., Gibbs, H. K., … & McIntyre, P. B. (2010). The changing landscape of conservation science funding in the United States. Conservation Letters, 3(6), 435-444.
Stein, B. A., Edelson, N., Anderson, L., Kanter, J., & Stemler, J. (2018). Reversing America’s wildlife crisis: securing the future of our fish and wildlife. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC, USA.
Explanation Cross-Cultural Management Cultural Conflict in Organizations
Cross-Cultural Management: Cultural Conflict in Organizations
Author’s Name
University Name
Course # and Title
Instructor’s Name
Date Submitted
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u 1. Explanation PAGEREF _Toc73944913 h 21.1 Background PAGEREF _Toc73944914 h 21.2 Definition of Key Terms PAGEREF _Toc73944915 h 21.3 Scope and Range PAGEREF _Toc73944916 h 32. Interpretation PAGEREF _Toc73944917 h 32.1 Hilton Hotel in China PAGEREF _Toc73944918 h 32.2 Challenges and Issues Facing Hilton Hotel China PAGEREF _Toc73944919 h 43. Exploration PAGEREF _Toc73944920 h 53.1 Cultural Training to Cover Information and Communication Gaps PAGEREF _Toc73944921 h 53.2 Hybrid Work Management Style PAGEREF _Toc73944922 h 64. Impacts and Benefits PAGEREF _Toc73944923 h 6References PAGEREF _Toc73944924 h 8
1. Explanation1.1 BackgroundFrom an organizational point of view, having a workforce that represents the community of doing business is valuable and a way to give back. Local businesses conduct business to mostly a homogenous customer base, reducing the need for cross cultural representation (Lashley, Lynch, & Morrison, 2007; Lynch et al., 2011). However, large international or multinational organizations that exist across cultural lines must have cross cultural representation. Wherever there is representation across different cultures, conflict becomes a pervasive element of professional and socio-cultural interactions (Chan, Huang, & Ng, 2008). Conflict in the workplace has been studied quite extensively, yet only a handful of scholars look at the hospitality industry and organizations from a cross-cultural conflict management perspective (Wood, 2016). This case study will investigate the issue of cross-cultural conflict and how it can be managed at an organizational level with a particular reference to Hilton Hotel Group in China.
1.2 Definition of Key TermsAs globalization continues to impact on the world of business, more organizations are expanding beyond their domestic markets to participate in businesses within different cultures and regions. In the global hospitality industry, this interaction leads to an engagement between different groups of people, different cultures, dissimilar perspectives on socio-cultural boundaries, and other variations in the way people see life (Baum, 2011; Lashley, 2008). Diversity in organizations has given birth to cross-cultural workforces. Diversity in the workplace is simply described as the representation of different people from a multicultural perspective, a gender point of view, ethnic, racial, sexual orientation, educational, age, social backgrounds and so on (Kim & Meyers, 2012). Diversity not only looks at the physical, geographic, demographic, and financial differences between employees in a workplace but also their participation in creating an equal or balanced workforce (Qingxue, 2003). With such interactions, conflict emerges, especially from a cultural standpoint. Cross-cultural conflict is defined by Yan (2015) and Hill (2007) as any conflict arising from the diversity between social groups or individuals separated by boundaries relating to culture. Therefore, in celebrating individual differences, cross-cultural interactions may lead to conflict. Cross-cultural conflict management is seen by Chen, Cheung, & Law (2012) to be a process of minimizing the negative outcomes of the differences that emerge due to the intersection of cultures while still promoting the increase of positive consequences of the same. Therefore, although organizations in the hospitality sector are pushing for diversity of the workforce, negative outcomes may emerge, requiring managerial processes to reduce such and promote an increase in positive consequences of cross-cultural interactions.
1.3 Scope and RangeThe issue of cross-cultural conflict management is especially important for the hospitality sector. Hospitality and a hospitable environment is defined as a generous and friendly environment, entertainment, and reception of visitors, strangers, and guests in relation to catering to their needs in a friendly and caring manner (Lynch et al., 2011). In so doing, employees of various cultural backgrounds are likely to interact, both with customers from a different culture or from other employees from different cultural foundations. Conflict is inevitable in such situations. While the entire hospitality industry is likely to go through certain cross-cultural conflicts, the scope of this study is on how Hilton Hotel in China uses cross-cultural conflict management to reduce negative consequences of conflict and increase positive outcomes. In highlighting the specific cross-cultural conflict issues affecting Hilton Hotel operations in China, management of said conflict is proposed to take a long term plan of training employees to handle differences in the workforce to increase positive outcomes.
2. Interpretation2.1 Hilton Hotel in ChinaChina has, over the years, created favorable work conditions for foreign firms to enter the hospitality industry. Its rapid development continues to attract impressive number of hotels from all over the world. Luxurious brands such as the Hilton Hotels Group has also entered the market. As a layer in the service and hospitality industry, the company continues to face different cultural issues that emanate from the interaction of people from variant social, cultural, economic, political, ethnic, racial, age, and gender backgrounds. Cross-cultural conflict becomes a reality facing the company in its international operations in China. The company is headquartered in North American and the management and other important policy-formulation is from a western orientation. The culture in China is significantly different, creating room for conflict in how people and the organization interact.
2.2 Challenges and Issues Facing Hilton Hotel ChinaThe main challenge and issue facing Hilton Hotels operations in China is due to a communication problem based on the cultural and traditional differences in the way people convey messages. Difficulties in communication is expressed by researchers such as Chen, Wang, & Chu (2011) as one of the main negative consequences of cross-cultural conflict. Language is important in facilitating communication. Employees working in Hilton Hotels in China are often required to interact with others in an environment where the primary language used is foreign, particularly English. While the language skills of Chinese employees are adequate for basic interactions, Wang, Chu, & Lee (2011) note that problems arise where he meaning conveyed is different from what is received in an attempt to communicate. Policy formulation and implementation, whether verbally communicated or written, may create different meanings to different people, leading to variations in interpretations. Additionally, communication may be hampered by the cultural influences of power distance where the Chinese and people from western cultures interact. According to Sanchez-Burks et al. (2003), power distance for the Chinese is relatively large to an extent that employees at lower managerial levels do not fully interact with others above them and vice versa. The opposite is true for those from western cultures where employees are free to offer suggestions, provide alternative views, and even interact freely with their bosses. Again, the use of non-verbal communication between the Chinese and western cultures is very different. Issues such as use of gestures, maintaining eye contact (and lack thereof), nodding, facial expressions, and other non-verbal cues are sources of conflict. These elements create conflict because the Chinese culture is perceived as a high context culture where the element of collectivism is highly valued while western cultures are ore individualistic and favor low context communications (Guan & Li, 2017). For example, Chinese people use indirect communication while Americans prefer direct and concrete language to pass a point. For either of the approaches, people of a different culture would often interpret the communication as rude and inconsiderate. Combined with the hierarchical differences between the said cultures, communication within the Hilton Hotels in China can be greatly hampered on the basis of cross-cultural conflict.
Another major challenge and problem arising from cross-cultural conflict is a lack of unified organizational values and comprehensive management style. As a foreign-owned organization operating in a different culture, Hilton Hotels is required to have unified organizational values and a management style that is aligned to other branches from different countries in line with the shareholder expectations and objectives. However, as a direct consequence of cultural differences between employees at various levels of management and operations, there is a clear lack of unity in what the organization values as important and the style that is preferred in managing employees. In China, leadership and management are distanced from the employee base, creating a rift in the corporate culture of Hilton Hotels in terms of how it expects al employees to relate. The main problem arising from this is that employees are conflicted over what culture to adopt in terms of teamwork, individuality, or a combination of these elements (Zhu, Anagondahalli, & Zhang, 2017). Foreigners hold management positions, leading and managing employees from a very different cultural setting. Conflict emerges in relation to the expectations of these managers from their employees. Additionally, the managers find it difficult to manage employees who are not used to a management style and culture of active participation and direct interaction with superiors (Zhu, Ma, & Jiang, 2019). Talent management therefore becomes another major negative outcome.
3. ExplorationThe interaction of employees from different cultures at Hilton Hotel China is a major cause of frustration and conflict for the organization. In order to reduce the negative impacts of such cross-cultural conflicts and provide solutions to the issue of communication breakdown and a lack of uniformity of organizational values, this report suggests the use of training to cover information gaps and a change of the infusion of a hybrid work management style that fits the cross-culture environment.
3.1 Cultural Training to Cover Information and Communication GapsWhenever people from different cultural backgrounds interact in a work environment, Jhaiyanuntana & Nomnian (2020) found that communication gaps emerge because of the relative differences in delivery and reception of messages through different verbal and non-verbal communication. To solve cross-cultural conflict, especially on the lines of ineffective communication, Han, Huang, & Macbeth (2018) suggest that companies conduct cultural training for employees, an idea echoed by Jhaiyanuntana & Nomnian (2020) especially for employees in the management level. For the Hilton Hotel, communication is a very important element that is likely to create core competence in a highly competitive environment in China. Cross-cultural training will enable easier management of employees, help in understanding the perspectives of people from different cultures, create an effective work culture, lead to better unification of organizational values, and harmonize the management style used within the company. Additionally, staff training will be important in order for them to better understand the demands of the shareholders who are the primary stakeholders in the organization. Staff training will significantly reduce the information gaps that exist in relation to communication and management styles. It will also enhance language interactions and help in reducing hindrances to effective communication such as power distance, and poor perception of non-verbal communication.
3.2 Hybrid Work Management StyleOften, foreign organizations try to force what works in their domestic and major markets on a foreign industry. For example, the management style use by Hilton Hotels in the western world have been very effective, but may not necessarily fit the Chinese management culture. As observed in this case study, the use of foreign-based management culture have led to conflict in the way employees receive and interpret instructions. It is important to note that China is a highly collectivist and a high context culture (Kim & Meyers, 2012). The way that an organization relates to its employees in China is very different from the western world and cultures. While training of the staff and managers is likely to reduce the said effects, the most applicable solution is to create a hybrid approach that factors in the needs of the shareholders in maintaining uniform organizational values and management while considering the different cultural orientation of the Chinese market. To achieve this, a more western overall management style can be applied for the entire organization, but then narrowed down to a funnel approach so that individual management fits the expectations of the Chinese culture in lower management. Cultural compatibility is mentioned to be a vital element in ensuring the competitiveness of an organization in a foreign market (Qingxue, 2003). Therefore, Hilton Hotels in China should implement a management style that retains the uniqueness of its brand, while ensuring that management of the staff is aligned to Chinese cultural values and norms in order to ensure that employees perform at their best and conflict tis reduced or eliminated.
4. Impacts and BenefitsTo run a successful organization, conflict management is a vital element. By implementing the solutions suggested above (staff training and a better management style), Hilton Hotels will be able to reduce negative outcomes such as competing agendas, low morale, low productivity, hostility, and high turnover. These negative outcomes are not ideal hallmarks for a strong business. The solutions suggested are collaborative in nature. The impact of using these approaches is that they are win-win strategies, and an effective way to restore an environment that gives the organization power to compete better. The main advantages of the solutions suggested are that they make every stakeholder feel valued, foster an understanding of the different perspectives of the different parties, creates empathy, and fosters mutual respect. Additionally, the use of such strategies to resolve cross-cultural conflicts is that they set the tone for conflict resolution in the future. For Hilton Hotels in China, the use of training and a workable management style gives every employee, despite of their cultural background, shared responsibility in ensuring that conflict is resolved whenever it arises.
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Chan, K. W., Huang, X., & Ng, P. M. (2008). Managers’ conflict management styles and employee
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Chen, R. X., Cheung, C., & Law, R. (2012). A review of the literature on culture in hotel
management research: what is the future?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 52-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.06.010
Chen, Y. C., Wang, W. C., & Chu, Y. C. (2011). A Case Study on the business performance
management of Hilton Hotels Corp. International Business Research, 4(2), 213. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v4n2p213
Guan, X., & Li, X. (2017). A cross-cultural examination of family communication patterns, parent-
child closeness, and conflict styles in the United States, China, and Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family Communication, 17(3), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2017.1293062
Han, W., Huang, Y., & Macbeth, D. (2018). Performance measurement of cross-culture supply
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Hill, J. S. (2007). Religion and the shaping of East Asian management styles: A conceptual
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Jhaiyanuntana, A., & Nomnian, S. (2020). Intercultural Communication Challenges and Strategies
for the Thai Undergraduate Hotel Interns. PASAA: Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand, 59, 204-235.
Kim, J., & Meyers, R. (2012). Cultural differences in conflict management styles in east and west
organizations. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 29(32), 1.
Lashley, C. (2008). Studying Hospitality: Insights from Social Sciences. Scandinavian Journal of
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Lashley, C., Lynch, P., & Morrison, A. J. (2007). Hospitality: A Social Lens. Amsterdam,
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Lynch, P., Molz, J. G., Mcintosh, A., Lugosi, P., & Lashley, C. (2011). Theorizing hospitality.
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Qingxue, L. (2003). Understanding different cultural patterns or orientations between East and
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Sanchez-Burks, J., Lee, F., Choi, I., Nisbett, R., Zhao, S., & Koo, J. (2003). Conversing across
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Wang, W. C., Chu, Y. C., & Lee, C. C. (2011). Research on the performance management of
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Do Modern Technological Devices Make our Lives Easier
Professor: ………….
RWC Test Essay12 April 2015
Do Modern Technological Devices Make our Lives Easier?
INTRODUCTION
In the current world, there are many people who want to interact and use machines or devices so as to better their lives. In the history, machines were used in communication, yet the world wasn’t globalised as per now since there have been new machines, which have made the lives of people easier than they were before. Most people can now acknowledge that technological devices have made work and life easier because there is more comfort, when doing the daily chores. Due to the presence of phones and other communication gadgets in the world, it’s very simple to communicate with people who are far away, even on the other side of the continentcontinents. The transport sector has also faced substantial improvements as a result of noble devices, which have added more taste to the movement of people not only across the continent, but also across the whole world and even beyond. This essay focuses on the idea that modern-day technological devices make the lives of the human race very simple. It could have been very hard to enjoy the effects of technology if such devices weren’t in place.
Thesis Statement: Modern technological devices make our lives easier.
DISCUSSION
Communication has been made easy in the current world because of the presence of modern devices of technology. The systems of communication have changed nowadays in a dramatic manner in the last two to three decades in that people can stay connected with their friends and relatives who live far away either on the same continent or in different continents (Huseynzade, 1). With names such as Twitter, Facebook and email being so common, the communications industry has transformed since people all over the world can communicate easily. No one is expected to carry a document or some form of information to another person who lives far away in a physical approach the way it used to happen in the old days. The use of the phone doesn’t need someone to move from one place to another so as to deliver information (Huseynzade, 1). You can make a call and communicate without wasting resources such as time.
Modern day gadgets like alarm watches can help the people in remembering what they could have planned to do, making it easier for them not to overload their brains with things they are supposed to remember. For instance, the elderly patients have a big problem when it comes to remembering the timely taking of their prescribed drugs (West, 5). It is revealed that only half of the patients are known to take their medications as prescribed while the same proportion fails to adhere (West, 5). One of the reasons as to why they fail to adhere to the prescriptions is due to forgetfulness. Alarm watches have made it easier since the same patients can set the time at which they are supposed to take the drugs. Currently, there are phones, which have alarm systems and watches, which can also be used. Therefore, it is easier for such patients to adhere to their doctors’ prescriptions.
On the same line, home life has been made easier by having some home devices, which can make work easier and efficient. The house work that used to take many hours in the previous century can be done in few hours courtesy to the help of technological home devices such as the washing machines, vacuum cleaners, microwaves and coffee makers among many others (Huseynzade, 1). The washing of clothes that used to involve a lot of physical work can now be washed in minutes just by the pressing of a button. Such a technological move can take only a few minutes before the clothes are very clean and an individual can be doing other things as the clothes are being washed by the automatic machines. Such machines make lives in the home very easy.
Learning in schools has also been made easy in that students can use electronic gadgets to facilitate the learning process and ease of acquisition of information. Laptops enhance the ease and speed of engagement and taking notes with online sources of information that is related to material of the course (Fried, 2). When the internet is used if students have the laptop, it becomes easier for the tutor to send class assignments to the class and at the same time, students can easily access information from their tutor. In addition, the internet is rich in books, articles, journals and other sources of information from various databases, which makes learning become easier than when it used to be in the old days before computers were born. Many researchers have found that laptop use in classes elevates the students’ motivation and ability to apply appropriate knowledge, which makes learning simple with greater achievements (Fried, 2). Such gadgets have made the lives and learning of students not only easier, but also fulfilling.
People are also enjoying the benefits of technology in the transport industry as there are more advances, which are making life easier. There are many cars that can speed up to 400km/h and aeroplanes that can circumnavigate the earth just in 24 hours (Huseynzade, 1). These super speeding machines have made the movement of people and goods easy, which has impacted the transport sector positively. More so, technological machines in the transport sector have improved the lives of many people because one can move even beyond the continent in a matter of hours.
CONCLUSION
Modern technological devices make the lives and work of the human race easier. It is obvious that the use of devices can save some time and effort used in doing the work that could otherwise be wasted during the performance of an activity without such devices. In the communications industry, things are now simple as people can communicate with ease despite geographical barriers that may exist between two communication parties. The presence of watches, some with alarms are instrumental in the helping of patients take their drugs as prescribed. On the same line, the people who work in the homes have an easier moment in implanting their duties and responsibilities because the home devices help them do the work, to a great deal. Students also benefit a lot since electronic devices such as computers make their learning process simple, just like for their teachers who have an easier moment of teaching. More so, the transport sector enjoys the presence of technological machines, which help people move easily from one place to another. Therefore, modern day technological devices make our lives very simple.
Works Cited
Fried, Carrie B. “In-class laptop use and its effects on student learning.” Computers & Education 50.3 (2008): 906-914.
Huseynzade Leyla. Effects of Technology on Our Lives. Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy, 2012. Print.
West, Darrell. “How mobile devices are transforming healthcare.” Issues in technology innovation 18.1 (2012): 1-11.
