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Change Management and Disruption A Case Study of the Inland Revenue Department NZ
Change Management and Disruption: A Case Study of the Inland Revenue Department NZ
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Executive SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present a case of change management and disruption. It uses the The Inland Revenue Department (IRD), or Te Tari Taake, as a public department to base its argument. A successful change management is important for IRD to achieve their vision statement, as there is no empirical nor similar situation that the department are facing compared to other organizations. The IRD platform contributes to efficient collection of the country’s revenue which is redistributed inform of infrastructure development and other project developments in the country. Most of the aspects of the IRD model offer positive results and benefits to the society and the government in general. However, there are a few setbacks that come with the system including; the challenge of usage of the platform by the visually impaired group. In terms of change management, three models are discussed including the ADKAR change model, the engage and learn model, and the McKinsey 7S model. The three apply to the IRD’s current situation and can be implemented to manoeuvre the entire process of implementing change. As a result, IRD has a unique challenge in its attempt to implement and manage the change towards a better IT system. The proposed overhaul of the entire system may mean a change in the way the organization works, including a reshuffle of various structures as some processes are automated, restructuring of employee roles, and introduction of a different reporting pattern in line with the demands of a change of system. To combat resistance, the Kotter’s 8 step model is proposed to be the best model to anchor change at IRD.
Keywords: IRD, change, change management, ADKAR change model, the engage and learn model, and the McKinsey 7S model, Kotter’s 8 step model, Total quality management, six change model.
Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc84547435 h 2Introduction PAGEREF _Toc84547436 h 4IRD key roles PAGEREF _Toc84547437 h 41. Organization and Change Issues PAGEREF _Toc84547438 h 61.1 The triple bottom analysis PAGEREF _Toc84547439 h 61.1.1 Social Bottom Line PAGEREF _Toc84547440 h 71.1.2 Ecological Bottom Line PAGEREF _Toc84547441 h 71.1.3 Economic Bottom Line PAGEREF _Toc84547442 h 81.2 SWOT Analysis PAGEREF _Toc84547443 h 81.3 Main issues identified by the analysis tools PAGEREF _Toc84547444 h 92. Change management models PAGEREF _Toc84547445 h 92.1 ADKAR Model PAGEREF _Toc84547446 h 102.1.1 Model applied to the issues Transformation program in IRD PAGEREF _Toc84547447 h 112.2 Engage and Learn Model PAGEREF _Toc84547448 h 112.2.1 Model Application to the Issue of Automated System Update / IT System Update in IRD PAGEREF _Toc84547449 h 122.3 The McKinsey 7-S Change Model PAGEREF _Toc84547450 h 132.3.1 Model Application to the Issue of Automated System Update / IT System Update in IRD PAGEREF _Toc84547451 h 143. Change Management Strategies to Overcome Resistance PAGEREF _Toc84547452 h 153.1 Overcoming Resistance using the Kotter’s 8 Step Change Model PAGEREF _Toc84547453 h 153.2 Overcoming Resistance using Total Quality Management Approach PAGEREF _Toc84547454 h 163.3 Overcoming Resistance using Six Change Approach PAGEREF _Toc84547455 h 174. Recommendations and Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc84547456 h 18References PAGEREF _Toc84547457 h 19
IntroductionA successful change management is important for IRD to achieve their vision statement, as there is no empirical nor similar situation that the department are facing compared to other organization. Organizations need an integrated approach to drive systematic, effective change and conquer the resistance and obstacles to change, also, the consequences after making the change.
IRD key roles
Name Inland Revenue Department
Website https://www.ird.govt.nz/
Year Established 1878
Mission Contribute to the economic and social wellbeing of New Zealand by collecting and distributing revenue.
Vision A world-class revenue organization recognised for service and excellence.
Objectives ·Grow voluntary compliance by making it easier for people to get it right
·Reduce customer compliance costs
·Make government policy changes faster and more cost-effectively
Culture ·Customer-centric: practice with customer to make desirable outcomes
·Intelligence-led: through continuously research and analysis to make good decisions
·Agile: work with professional people to get work done neatly
Values ·Trust and integrity
·Valuing people
·Innovation
·Working together
Strategies focus
The Inland Revenue Department, or Te Tari Taake, as a public department, was established in 1878, following in 1892 by moving to its central office to Wellington. The department provides professional services for both individuals and organizations to fulfil their entitlement and obligations (Inland Revenue Department, 2021). It aims to grow voluntary compliance to revenue collection through making it easier for people, reducing the costs associated with customer compliance, and making government policy changes faster and more cost effective. Moreover, the significant responsibilities for IRD are to collect money and pay for other public services (Inland Revenue Department, 2021). The social support programs include Working for families, paid parental leave, child support, student loan debt, and KiwiSaver.
The Inland Revenue Department is a government organisation that is involved in the general collection of the crown’s revenue of New Zealand. The organisation is also responsible for collection and disbursing of payments for the social support programmes (Inland Revenue Department, 2021). This organization is involved in data collection during their revenue-related process. The data obtained provides information used to advice the government on tax policies and other tax related issues. This platform strives to ensure the taxation process is made easier amongst the citizens of New Zealand. This is done by provision of an easy-to-use interface on the online platform with explanations on every step and situation for the users to have an easy and understandable procedure in their tax payment procedures (Inland Revenue Department, 2021). The IRD main roles includes ensuring the revenue collection in New Zealand is able to meet the expectations of the government and that of the society, giving customers a simple platform for tax payment to prevent possible errors, prevention of tax evasion by some of the citizens, encouraging the public to pay tax and providing a professional, effective and efficient system.
1. Organization and Change Issues1.1 The triple bottom analysisThe triple bottom line analysis is a vital tool in looking the external position of an organization (Goel, 2010; Kucukvar & Tatari, 2013). The effect of the IRD platform on the environment is almost unnoticeable because the services of this platform are made online and the customers interact with the support team through online means. The impact the system has to the community is mostly positive with easy access to tax payment services, it also helps mitigate the tendency of tax evasion ensuring that all citizens equally contribute to the total country’s revenue (Hussain, Rigoni, & Orij, 2018). IRD provides an efficient system for the government to collect the country’s revenue. The platform has an ability to collect up to 80% of the total crown’s revenue of New Zealand.
Image 1: A graphical representation of the triple bottom line model (source: Hussain, Rigoni, & Orij, 2018)
1.1.1 Social Bottom LineIn the functionality of the platform is not affected directly by the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and therefore continues to function during the pandemic. The organisation is also responsible for collection and disbursing of payments for the social support programmes. IRD system provides the customers with easy to use interface which is able to give specific direction and clarification of the rules involved in the tax payment process. The platform runs in accordance to the inland social policy in the country. People approved for payment for certain benefits offered by the government receive their payments efficiently and can participate in in the society without a problem
1.1.2 Ecological Bottom LineThe ecological bottom line looks at the interaction with the ecology (Onat, Kucukvar, & Tatari, 2014; Lock & Araujo, 2020). The IRD system operates in the online platform hence have no impact or interaction with the environment. The revenue collected through the platform is used in the development of major sectors of the economy which include the protection of the country’s environment and reclamation of already polluted areas.
1.1.3 Economic Bottom LineThe economic bottom line is one of the most important for companies (Jennifer Ho, & Taylor, 2007). The IRD platform contributes to efficient collection of the country’s revenue which is redistributed inform of infrastructure development and other project developments in the country. Collects and redistributes payments for social programmes in the country. It also gives advice to the government on the tax policies in the country. Revenue is available to fund the government through flexible payments from the citizens
1.2 SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Easy to use
Effective revenue collection method
Enhance payments of social programmes
Can be accessed from any part of the country (Karyono & Agustina, 2019)
Less physical contact with customers hence no pandemic restrictions
Instructions on usage
Government adviser.
Promotes tax compliance
Efficient and fast payment method to individuals Limited to the internet literate
Impractical to the visually impaired.
Can be used in financial data collection for future planning and prospecting.
Can be used as a measure of the economic situation in a country (Karyono & Agustina, 2019). Continuous development of new and more sophisticated systems that can replace the IRD system (Karyono & Agustina, 2019).
1.3 Main issues identified by the analysis toolsMost of the aspects of the IRD model offer positive results and benefits to the society and the government in general. However, there are a few setbacks that come with the system including; the challenge of usage of the platform by the visually impaired group. Since it is works on a self-service basis then the visually impaired are cut off from basic usage of the platform unless they are helped out by third parties. The platform is also limited in usage to the internet group only posing challenges to the group of people that lacks internet literacy. +Internet literacy isn’t a common thing a mong the elderly and this may result to hardships during usage of this platform.
2. Change management modelsA model of change management describes theories, concepts and methodologies used in a deep analysation of the organizational change processes (Janićijević, 2017; Kobylkin et al., 2020). They provide researched methods that are meant to facilitate the change of management in an organization, provide different expected behaviours from the employees and the methods to deal with these resultant behaviours therefore ensuring the changes introduced are accepted by the workforce in place and adopted as their new methods of carrying out business activities in the organization.
2.1 ADKAR Model
The ADKAR model was created by Jeffery Hiatt (founder of Prosci) as a change management model which uses five outcomes from an organization as the necessities needed to attain a successful change implementation process (Houben et al., 2020). The five outcomes are Awareness, desire, knowledge and reinforcement.
Image 2: A picture showing the outline of the ADKAR model of change management
Awareness in this model of change management takes the role of introducing the need of the organization or the company to bring in a change to the employees. This is meant to obtain an outcome of urge from the employee, which creates the desire for the change. Desire comes as the second outcome in this model. Desire is generated when the employees completely understands the essence of the change and its urgency and are therefore set to welcome the change. The third outcome is the knowledge, this is basically the know-how on how to adopt and implement the change (Ali et al., 2021). It involves communication of strategy from the management which presents details on how the change is supposed to take place. Ability to take up the change comes as the fourth outcome. This outcome stresses on the intellectual and physical capacity of the business together with its employees to be able to implement the proposed change. The last outcome for a successful change implementation is reinforcement. At this point the leader is expected to ensure they constantly assess and stress on adoption of the change by employees until the workforce fully incorporates the new system in their activities as the new norm to the workflow.
2.1.1 Model applied to the issues Transformation program in IRDADKAR model maybe applied in IRD to assess the transformational program introduced. This will be carried out by testing the employees of IRD in accordance to Hiatt’s five outcomes. The first step is checking out the level of awareness of the change to the employees (Jaaron, Hijazi, & Musleh, 2021). This involves determining the extent to which the employees can identify themselves with then change. This step is followed by testing willingness of the employees to continue with the change implemented. This rest reveals the desire and contentment of the employees with regard to the change. The knowledge about the change process is tested for assertiveness test followed by checking for IRD ability and that of its employees to receive and implement the change. The IRD management then takes the responsibility for reinforcement of the change among employees and the business.
2.2 Engage and Learn ModelAs far as change is concerned, the engage and learn model is a new enterprise that is effective in guiding complex changes. Engaging is an awareness routine (Worely & Mohrman, 2016), one that depends on competencies within the process of information gathering relating to the current as well as future environments, the business, organization, and its people. It also looks at the disruptive trends as well as organizational strategies that provide possible solutions and respond to threats. Continual transformations are key to organizational practices (Worely & Mohrman, 2016). Practitioners in organizational development have to deal with insufficient experiences and expertise in the process of managing change. In order to act and engage change, practitioners must first understand the strengths and successes of the organization, identify the problem, scan for solutions, and institute ways to provide help in the management of change.
Learning, in the model, motivates the awareness creation routine. Worely & Mohrman (2016) note that organizational development practitioners are required to reflect, challenge, and add intelligence in the overall understanding of the external environmental changes, shifts in business strategy, talent changes, and remain conversant with the dynamics of change relevant to an organization. Further, Suryani & Soedarso (2021) and Worely & Mohrman (2016) present that the objective of learning in the engage and learn model is to continually assimilate fresh awareness and be accommodative of changes to one’s practice. Therefore, the engage and learn model is a process that is simultaneously occurring in the organizational level where a company is required to shift from mere scanning of the of the external environment to absorptive capacity, acquiring and assimilating information, and exploiting it to facilitate change. For example, it is not enough for a company in New Zealand to understand the changing dynamics of interactions with consumers on social media. The organization must prepare itself, using this understanding, for disruptions by seeking change and implementing the same in the business model. The organization must learn new strategies that will help in incorporating awareness and solutions into the proposed changes in an organizational practice.
Combined, engaging and learning involves the understanding of the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization and creating alternatives for considerations in the process of change. Every time an organization initiates an evaluation of its systems, structure, and operations, it is engaging in a change management initiative. According to Worely & Mohrman (2016), the extent of conceptualization required in the engage and learn model far outweighs any other traditional change management model. The engage and learn model focuses on an entire system, not just a singular subsystem or a piece of it, despite the occurrence of changes in multiple avenues within an organization. By observing the entire system as a whole, an organization is able to learn and engage with the changes that occur faster than in any other approach to change management.
2.2.1 Model Application to the Issue of Automated System Update / IT System Update in IRDThe engage and learn model looks at the organizational design, strategic awareness in the external environment, tailoring design elements, error detection and corrections, and developing new competencies. In IRD, the main issue requiring change is the problem with automated systems and a requirement for an IT system overhaul. Based on the engage and learn model, the main requirement is for IRD to first study the organization as a whole in order to establish a need for change, and to study it against the external environment in the industry and market in New Zealand. The engage and learn model avails a new approach to change management, driving a set of proposed solutions based on the organizational competencies and an evaluation of the external environment (Worely & Mohrman, 2016). The engage and learn model expresses that the pace and scale of change in the modern world can only be dealt with if change routines become a part of the organization, and that key roles of the organization include ensuring that the employees are active and vibrant in relation to change. In IRD, two motivators, engaging and learning, will drive the activities towards change routines including awareness of the need to update the IT system, designing a new system, tailoring it to the emerging issues, and monitoring it for successful implementation.
2.3 The McKinsey 7-S Change ModelMcKinsey 7S model developed by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman in the 80s is an effective tool for analysing and assessing changes in the in an organization’s internal situation. The model is based on 7 major elements that determine the success of a firm that should be aligned and interdependent in the production of synergistic outcomes (Salvarli & Kayiskan, 2018). The model applies widely in several situations especially when alignment is required. For example, it can be used to improve the performance of an organization, in the analysis and evaluation of the effects of changes in the future of an organization, and may also be used as a framework in situations where major changes are necessary in an organization to align business processes. The McKinsey 7S model offers a framework for recommending implementing strategic plans of action. Singh (2013) outlines the core elements of the model include: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff, and skills.
Image 3: The McKinsey 7S model depicting the hard and soft elements of the model (Source: Salvarli & Kayiskan, 2018)
Image 3 above shows the McKinsey 7S model with the elements divided into hard and soft elements. The hard elements include strategy, structure, and systems. Strategy, in the model, depicts a plan of action, a framework, or roadmap showing how an organization gains leadership edge or competitive advantage. The structure is the reporting pattern in the organization that provides a framework to ensure continuity (Paquibut, 2017). The systems include daily activities where employees involve themselves to ensure completion of assigned tasks. As depicted in image 3, the hard elements are in the direct control of the organization’s management and are easily identified and defined.
Shared values are the core values and the superordinate objectives that are reflected in the culture of the organization and influence the organization’s code of ethics (Alam, 2017). The style in the model places emphasis on leadership styles and its influence on the people, their motivation, organizational performance, and strategic decisions. The staff are representative of the capabilities and capacities of the employee. Skills define the core competencies and the key skills of employees and the vital role and position they hold in the definition of organizational success. These are the soft elements in the McKinsey 7S model and are not as tangible as the hard elements. They are more difficult to define and identify because they are governed by culture. As per the proponents of the model, Alam (2017) found that the soft elements are as important as the previously mentioned elements in the determination of the success of an organization as well as the industry growth.
2.3.1 Model Application to the Issue of Automated System Update / IT System Update in IRD
The model focuses on the interconnectedness of elements categorized as 7s. as per the said elements, there is a domino effect as far as changing one element so as to maintain a more effective balance. The model applies to all situations that need a company to be aligned to its processes, goals, objectives, and any other sphere of general wellbeing (Baishya, 2015). For IRD, the McKinsey 7S model applies in its change management proposal to automate its IT system and to align it to modern processes that would increase efficiency. The McKinsey 7S model best applies to the IRD case as it calls an inwards look of the organization’s internal mechanism to ensure that change is aligned to all other workings of the organization. The present wellbeing of the IRD would be analyzed in order to gauge the future success of the company in relation to the issue of automating its IT system to cater for the increasing needs of the users. As a revenue collection organization, the sensitivity of the IT system cannot be understated. The entire organization’s survival is hinged on effective revenue collection and therefore overhauling the IT system would be a positive step towards the attainment of current and future success. The McKinsey 7S model also applies in the management of the required changes towards the attainment of a successful transition from the old IT framework to a new and more versatile system. By looking at the 7 internal factors including strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff, and skills, the IRD can better understand whether it has the capacity and the structural support to attain success in performing the required IT overhaul to address the issue of an automated system update.
3. Change Management Strategies to Overcome ResistanceIt is important to note that the IRD, just like every other modern workplace, is made up of a number of different generations and people who perceive changes and their management differently. For some employees, traditional values are deeply rooted in their perception of life (Rafferty & Jimmieson, 2017). Others value work ethics while others are a product of a hybrid amalgamation of both outlooks. For other employees, the technological revolution has deeply influenced their worldview and perceptions on change and its management. As a result, IRD has a unique challenge in its attempt to implement and manage the change towards a better IT system. The proposed overhaul of the entire system may mean a change in the way the organization works, including a reshuffle of various structures as some processes are automated, restructuring of employee roles, and introduction of a different reporting pattern in line with the demands of a change of system. The following strategies apply in ensuring that change management are employed while reducing or eliminating the chances of resistance from the employees.
3.1 Overcoming Resistance using the Kotter’s 8 Step Change ModelThe model calls for creating urgency, forming strong guiding coalitions, development of a vision and strategy/formula, communicating vision, eliminating obstacles and allowing employees to act, making short-term wins, combining gains, and solidifying change through anchoring changes to the culture (Laig & Abocejo, 2021). It is applicable in ensuring that employees adhere to proposed change sin an organization.
Image 4: Kotter’s 8 Step Change Model
As shown in image 3 above, the 8 steps will reduce resistance to change because the organization involves employees in every stage of change implementation. At IRD, involving employees and communicating the vision as well as factoring in their views and opinions will have a key role in ensuring that the resistance to change is minimal.
3.2 Overcoming Resistance using Total Quality Management ApproachTotal quality management is a model in management that is based on a belief that the organization is able to build long term success by involving every member from the lower-level employees to the high-ranking executives, and other major stakeholders, by focusing on improving quality and delivering overall customer satisfaction. TQM is based on continuous improvement (Cao and Clarke, 2000).
Image 5: A summary of the requirements of the TQM approach in reducing resistance
At IRD, TQM will be used to reduce the occurrence of resistance by ensuring that every employee knows their role and is made a part of the organization’s decision making structure. TQM requires the participation of every department and employee in order to execute the high demands of continuous improvement. In relation to overhauling the IT system and automating it, TQM will ensure reduced resistance as employees will view the proposed change as a method to become better in their job.
3.3 Overcoming Resistance using Six Change ApproachResistance to change is a phenomenon that is rather unavoidable, in line with the nature of change as a constantly occurring concept in any workplace. From this line of thought, Kotter and Schlesinger developed the six change approaches as a model to overcome resistance to change from employees (Kwak and Anbari, 2006).
Image 6: Six Change Approach model of overcoming resistance
In education and communication, the IRD team would undergo training regarding the proposed IT automation issue before it is implemented. This would help the employees to get the logic behind the change. Participation and involvement as a step applies in ensuring that vocal members of an organization advocating for resistance are brought on board when designing changes. Through participation in the process of designing changes, employees would feel appreciated and help to push acceptance amongst their peers and in their departments. Facilitation and support ensure that various tools such as training and education are offered to support employees in accepting change. Negotiation and agreement is availed to potential resistors, a strategy that IRD can apply to ensure that a maximum number of people join the movement to support change. Manipulation and co-optation are also available to IRD in terms of ensuring that the workforce supports change. For example, the management of IRD can use negative incentives such as demotions for managers opposed to the changes proposed. Lastly, explicit and implicit coercion can be used as a last result.
4. Recommendations and ConclusionThe Inland Revenue Department, or Te Tari Taake, as a public department, was established in 1878, following in 1892 by moving to its central office to Wellington. A successful change management is important for IRD to achieve their vision statement, as there is no empirical nor similar situation that the department are facing compared to other organizations. The IRD platform contributes to efficient collection of the country’s revenue which is redistributed inform of infrastructure development and other project developments in the country. Most of the aspects of the IRD model offer positive results and benefits to the society and the government in general. However, there are a few setbacks that come with the system including; the challenge of usage of the platform by the visually impaired group.
In terms of change management, the three models discussed include the ADKAR change model, the engage and learn model, and the McKinsey 7S model. The three apply to the IRD’s current situation and can be implemented to manoeuvre the entire process of implementing change. Despite their applicability, the McKinsey 7S model best applies to the IRD case as it calls an inwards look of the organization’s internal mechanism to ensure that change is aligned to all other workings of the organization. It is recommended that the McKinsey 7S model be used by the IRD to control and manage change and ensure that IT automation and all related changes are aligned to the workings of the organization. As a result, IRD has a unique challenge in its attempt to implement and manage the change towards a better IT system. The proposed overhaul of the entire system may mean a change in the way the organization works, including a reshuffle of various structures as some processes are automated, restructuring of employee roles, and introduction of a different reporting pattern in line with the demands of a change of system. To combat resistance, the Kotter’s 8 step model is proposed to be the best compared to the TQM approach and the 6-Change approach.
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Advantage of Salvage Yards Columbus Ohio
Advantage of Salvage Yards Columbus Ohio
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Advantage of Salvage Yards Columbus Ohio
Getting parts for an old car is usually very hard and especially if you cannot get new parts. Most of the times when you go asking for these parts from dealers they will tell you to wait for them to be imported and this is very inconveniencing. Still some are out of the market so you cannot get them. Your only solution is in the salvage yards Columbus Ohio.
Most vehicles and especially trucks are imported and so there are not many spare parts that are locally available for them. This makes it hard to repair them when they break down as one cannot put in other parts that are not compatible. However, if you go to the yard where cars and trucks that have been in accidents are dumped, you will surely get the part you are looking for and at a cheaper price.
If you are one of those owners who are enthusiastic about old cars such as Pontiacs and Volkswagen then you will want to keep it in working condition. This means that you will have to repair it and replace the broken parts regularly. To do this, you must only get the most compatible parts and parts from newer models or other types of cars will not do the trick.
Sometimes original manufacturers stop producing a certain part for several reasons, one of them being that the vehicle is out of the market and not many people use it. So in this case you will not get any spare part in the dealerships that deal with new car parts no matter how hard you look. Unless you would request for the part from the factory at a great cost, your only solution is the salvage.
Some of these parts may also be very effective in modern models of cars. They may have more powerful engines and other very durable parts that will add value to your new car. This collection of parts will make your car stronger and give it endurance, increasing its mileage. You have to keep in mind the compatibility though as this is safer.
If you have older parts that you intend to add to your vehicle, you may also need advice on how to do it. You may need to ask if your decision to add them is wise at all and if you will be adding value to your vehicle or ruining it. The professional mechanics at the yard will help you to decide on what to do after giving you advice.
These places are not only frequented by buyers because insurance companies and also mechanic professionals will want to come in and look at the car parts. They usually have outer walls made of stone but then the inside walls are thousands of cars and this may go on for miles and miles of space. There you can find any kind of cars make or truck parts that you need for your repairs.
Most salvage yards are very helpful since they can pull out any car part you want within no time. They are heavily guarded and one cannot be able to take anything without the owners consent. Some of them are even guarded by armed guards for security.
The Importance of Salvage Yards Columbus Ohio
If you have an old car you want to repair, getting parts will be very hard. If you go to new parts dealers they will tell you to wait for the parts to be imported and this will certainly cost you a fortune in the process. Still you will find others that are no longer manufactured and so they cannot be found in the dealerships under any circumstances. This is when you need to go to salvage yards Columbus Ohio.
For most vehicles and especially trucks, they are imported when they are already assembled. This means that you can never get parts for them and of course you cannot use other parts that are not compatible. However, if you get a collection of broken down cars and trucks that have been in accidents and are not redeemable, you might get the part you are looking for still in good condition.
People who have a passion for collecting old cars like Volkswagen and Pontiacs will have a problem finding parts for them. They cannot go and fix them with parts from other newer models of cars as they will not be compatible. This means that they have to hunt them from the yards and then use them to make their cars usable.
Sometimes the original manufacturers stop producing the parts to their old models to cut costs especially if the cars are not in use anymore. This means that no matter where you request for the new parts you will never get them. When this happens, your only solution is to go to the manufacturer and request for the part at great cost or to go to the salvage and look for it.
Some of these parts will also make your new car have better mileage, and these parts more enduring. If the parts are compatible, you can install them to your car to add value to its quality. You will have to be very careful when doing this in order to ensure that the old parts will not ruin the car or affect it negatively in another aspect.
Also consider that you cannot use these parts on your new car without being advised by a very experienced mechanic on how to put the parts or whether to put them at all. You need to know if you will add value to your car or simply ruin it in the process. The mechanics at the salvage will help you with this information for free and you will find it very useful.
The buyers are not the only frequenters because other people like insurance agents and police officers may need to track down cars that have been involved in accidents. The mechanics may also want some parts for their dealerships. Most of these yards have stone walls on the outside and the inner walls are thousands of broken down vehicles well arranged.
The advantage of the salvage yards is that they always have the parts you need and they give it immediately. For this reason, they are always heavily guarded sometimes even with guns and one cannot get a part without the consent of the owner. Some even have dogs set free on the property as security.
Movie Analysis
Movie Analysis
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Movie Analysis
Introduction
American revolution refers to a period during which British colonists in the United States rebelled against the requirements of the Great Britain. Many battles were fought during this period and led to the development of the United States. The revolutionary war was started in an attempt for rebels to gain their independence from England and lasted from 1775 to 1983. The group created a republic that was separate from the monarchical rule and differentiated themselves from the rest. In a bid to explain the American revolutionary, this study will analyze various movies among them being Hamilton, The Patriot, The Book of Heroes, and Drums Along the Mohawk.
The Book of The Negroes
The first set of this series follows through the life of Aminata Diallo (Aunjanue Ellis) who was abducted from Mali in 1706. This part has been powered by deep and moving performances by the young Shailyn Pierre Dixon, an 11-year-old girl playing the role of Aminata. The scenes showcase how the protagonist got captured and underwent strange experiences on her way to th American slavery (Icflix, 2015). The film was given a horrible beauty and sharp-focus dreaminess with diminished elucidation. Although one can feel the girl’s pain as she gets tossed from one place to another, it is evident that the actual life of slavery was deeper and more painful than it is played.
As the film progresses, one can envision that the points are shown more explicitly and the characters are arched such as to represent their stories from a vivid perspective in relation to historical significance. The tone of production showcases, as well as the performances, have shown the injustice involved in slavery and the audacity of the involved parties to see themselves as tender people with just measures.
In a bid to bring the effects of the revolutionary period into action, the director employed a creative cast with Aminata Diallo as the protagonist. After being sold to Allan Hawco (Solomon Lindo), Aminata’s life changes for the better especially after meeting with her lover Chekura (Lyriq Bent). Other characters to note included Cuba Gooding Jr (Samuel Fraunces) who helps her to return home. The miniseries could not be a success without the participation of Ben Chaplin (John Clarkson) and the blind preacher Loius Gossett Jr. (Moses) who encouraged Aminata continuously to keep her head high amidst the struggles. Others included Jane Alexander (Maria Witherspoon), Greg Bryk (Robertson Appleby), and Stephan James (Cummings Shakspear), among others.
The director motive to bring the best character in a slave woman was a success following the flawless representation of her skills, beauty, sense of style, and wisdom. As a young girl, Aminata is a skilled midwife after helping her mother severally to on the delivery desk. After her abduction, she learned to write, read, and speak English, aspects that made her stand out from other slaves. She is showcased as a clever and rather fearless character who is filled with self-possession and self-knowledge, that has facilitated her ability to survive from the beginning to the end (Icflix, 2015). Although she gets thwarted by the unfriendly circumstances, Aminata does not get discouraged. After watching the series, I felt that Aminata’s character was well represented as one of the bravest people in the world; she traded slap for a slap and no person had the power to dictate what she could or could not do. She stated repeatedly that one should never give up and instead, should hold onto hope steadfastly in wait for a better day
Relevant themes showcased in this miniseries are love, conflicts, struggles, conflicts, and death. The theme of love has been showcased in Aminata’s love interest to Chekura (Lyriq Bent) who becomes her husband in the end. As the miniseries progresses to the fifth episode, Revolution starts in New York. At this, Aminata takes the chance to escape in Canvas Town which is a black neighbourhood. Aminata is respected as a midwife in this community and is admired for her wisdom and literacy. Her love story also gets rekindled as she reunites with her lover Chekura.
On photography, it is evident that the film was not taken with a crane shot but rather moving shots that gave the movie a rather subjective experience. Rather than having Aminata move with the camera, one can note clearly that the camera moved with her such as to cause the viewer to get tuned with her life. However, although Aminata is sad and dark, the director (Clement Virgo) made a successful attempt to showcase Aminata from a rather transcendental angle instead of a dark and miserable perspective by adopting a mixture of colour palettes.
Another visible endeavour from photography is that of intimacy. The movie managed to tell Aminata’s from an intimate perspective without making it appear as a mere spectacle. As such, the camera provided an intimate and subjective experience instead of swopping shots in order to create emotional and psychological experiences. Although the view was intended to show a story that was filled with brutality, the visuals and camerawork employed managed to cause the audience to feel the story with intensity rather than just from the brutal and horror perspective like the 12 Years of Slavery. In the first scenes, the movie has a rather naturalistic palette allowing the young Aminata to view the world from a rather rosy perspective.
The dressing has shown historical significance as the cast was dressed in an old-fashioned manner yet beautiful manner. Although Aminata is a slave, it is clear that her clothes are not messy and dirty, an aspect that set the viewer off since it is from the ordinary perception of a slave in the 1700s.
The struggle that the protagonist undergoes with her slave master, Robinson Appleby is evident in the struggle that slaves often endured in the south with their masters. The slave master insists that Aminata was legally his slave, an aspect that reminds me of the case of Dred Scott Vs. Sanford in 1857 following the Missouri Compromise (Icflix, 2015). Although Aminata manages to reunite with her husband Chekura and moves to Nova Scotia, her life has undergone a complicated and painful journey that can be likened to that of Eliza in the book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Stowe as she made attempts to escape with her husband George Harry.
This application can be applied successfully in the study of the American revolution by drawing comparison of the slavery amongst the Southerners and abolitionists by the Northerners. It is through such efforts that the United States managed to become a free state through the Civil war in 1963 (Icflix, 2015). Although the movie shows the painful brutality of the African-Americans, the attempts of people like Lawrence Hill to bring brutality on Africans to light has succeeded
Although the miniseries feels as though it was rushed, it was successful at showcasing the slavery in the South. Although this movie did not showcase the life of the slaves in a profound manner as Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the miniseries was successful at addressing the painful history of slavery in the south. Additionally, the movie expanded the story beyond New York to Canada and Africa, providing a
Drums along the Mohawks
Drums Along the Mohawk is an American classic that was released in 1939 under the direction of John Ford. This is an American Revolution movie that is starred by Gilbert Martin as Henry Fonda and Claudette Colbert as his wife. Together, they have set their mind to establish their farm when the Revolutionary war starts. The Indians who are collaborating with the British burn their farms, an action that causes outrage amongst the citizens who gather at Fort Herkimer in a bid to fight for their lands (HD Retro Trailers, 2018). Although they return victorious, the group has many casualties. After a long period of peace on the farm working for Mrs McKlennar, the valley gets attacked again, changing the people’s lives significantly.
Ford’s aspect of composition is striking in this film which was his first technicolour piece of art. From the designs of the title credits, one can see homelike crocheted scenes that showcase Ford’s need to represent a domestic emphasis in the film. Lana is pictured in her new home before a fire with her back to the camera to show the dismay caused by the situation. At this, Gil the husband draws close to her and smiles at her as though to provide assurance that it shall be well and that he is the dominant partner. Following the attack by the Indians, Gil and Lina get a crib at Mrs McKlennar, where they are shown to face the fireplace, suggesting their equality as both are caught up and their powers are diminished.
One can also evidence a striking aspect of photography when Indians burn Mrs McKlennar’s farm and Gil reacts to the two drunken men. Martin is shown threshing in a long shot as smoke is seen billowing from the house, after which Gil reacts leading to another shot where we see Gil riding abruptly to the trouble. At this, one also realizes that Mrs McKlennar’s is infused with humour as she interacts with the two Indians as she persuades them to take her bed downstairs. Aspects of comedy are also evidenced when Rosenkrantz explains that there is nothing good that can be spoken of individuals from Massachusetts. Gil also becomes the main centre of attention during Lana’s lengthy birth process amid a group of drunken men.
Lana, a wealthy woman leaves her comforts in Albany, New York with Gil to a sparsely populated region in Mohawk Valley. After Indians raid the valley, Gil and Lana are aware that life is not for the weak and that they should work hard to protect themselves ((HD Retro Trailers, 2018). At this, Ford managed to showcase an accurate depiction of the frontier life such as neighbours gathering and square dances to assist in clearing the land, which is done in loving harmony, as God-fearing people. The community is happy and they do not suffer the loneliness that torments the settlers.
The theme of love, self-sacrifice, and endurance, is also showcased as Lana leaves her luxurious life and settles with Gil in the valley. Although she is initially hysterical, she proves her capability to bear all hardships presented in the frontier, as she shows a strong character. At this, Ford makes a successful attempt to portray the agony experienced as women wait for men to return after having an encounter with armies. Like most directors, Ford did not sugarcoat the effects of the war and instead, he showed the fear, trauma, anger, and courage, amongst the people following the raids. The film shows accurately the fear that settlers had about the Indian raids and the frustration felt in pursuing a group of enemies that could overpower you and melt into nothingness at the blink of an eye.
Listening to the preacher gives me the idea that Ford tried to showcase a moral worldview of Christians filled with prayers, weddings, sermons, generosity, and a lifestyle that revers God. The film has pro-capitalist content and patriotic content as the settlers work in harmony to improve their local economy (HD Retro Trailers, 2018). After finishing the film, I realized that it did not have any foul language or sex scenes although it had reasonable battle scenes and dying and injured troops are shown to return home after the battle. The movie has avoided the use of objectionable scenes except for some mild scenes of drunkenness and brief alcohol use.
Although Ford made an American Revolution movie without including the British, it is understandable that he was attempting to remain safe by avoiding to showcase the British as villains when they were engaging in battle against the Nazis. However, one cannot fail to appreciate the fact that Ford managed to showcase the American revolution from a rather positive perspective, than usual.
The Patriot
The movie, The Patriot provides the viewers with an intuitive glimpse into the life of Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson), an American farmer during the 18th century. Benjamin takes the lead role in the movie and his life assumes a rather oppressive and disheartening circumstance. The movie has several characters including Gabriel (Heath Ledger) Benjamin’s elder son and other children. The movie has also showcased Charlotte, sister to Benjamin’s late wife. The director Roland Emmerich also included other participants including Lt. William Tavington and British soldiers, among others.
The movie has showcased aspects of action, drama, and history about the occurrence of the American Civil War in the 1770s. The movie has depicted Americans fighting for freedom against the British military, Indians, and the French, in which Benjamin Martin showed his heroic nature. However, the death of his wife caused him to refuse to return to war after the battle with the British intensified since he wanted to take care of his children, live a peaceful life, and manage the flower plantation (Youtube Movies, 2000). Although Martin is against this kind of lifestyle, his eldest son Gabriel and Thomas have already enlisted in the “Continental Army.” The film presents a story that is filled with perseverance, passion, and livelihood with the need for brave individuals without any self-pity. A closer analysis of the film shows the depiction of technology, Revolutionary War era-life, and relationships.
While Martin is showcased as a humble and virtuous father, Tavington is evil and sadistic monster especially after he burned a church that was filled with a group of innocent men, children, and women after locking its doors. This scene reminded me of the Nazi massacre in Oradour-Sur-Glane, French villagers in 1944. In war and attacks, the movie adopted the use of specific weaponry including the pistols (flintlock pistol), muskets (brown-bess musket), and cannons (smooth bore cannon), among others.
The theme of politics is showcased as slaves are shown as being rather cheerful and have freedom like civilians, an aspect that causes slavery in the region to be deemed as non-existent. However, although Gabriel says that all men are equal before God, this is considered a rather political attempt rather than the true situation (Youtube Movies, 2000). Taking into consideration the time that The Patriot was set, it is evident that the movie did not depict the true situation of slavery considering that it took the efforts and death of men during the civil war to bring slavery to an end, years after The Patriot had been released into the market.
The theme of sex was also showcased although it did not depict the actual status of events on the ground. Although Gabriel Martin was allowed to have a night before his wedding with his lover on condition that his mother sewed a bundling bag for him, this was not an accurate illustration as it was the girl who was supposed to get a bundling bag instead of the boy. In reality, the parents often shared a room with the couple to prevent premarital pregnancies.
Although Emmerich made an attempt to emulate Braveheart and The Last of the Mohicans’ none of them can be likened to this movie favourably. Unlike these movies, The Patriot has showcased the American Revolution by blending feelings, ferocity, action, and drama. The story showed a battle-filled story of violence, guilt, and karma that is set against the rough conditions of the American Revolution. A fascinating perspective of this film is the struggle that Martin is experiencing. Martin has been carrying the guilt of his actions as a result of his participation in the Indian and French war. Under the influence of his wife, Martin always desired to change his life for the better. However, he cannot prevent his actions from haunting him and his family. On this, he states the fear that his actions would haunt his family someday. From a Christian perspective, Martin and his sons are suffering for his actions and his participation in atrocities and massacres that created a load of Karmic consequences that he and his family must suffer. Following the death of his sons, Martin fails to contain the rage in his heart; in the end, he takes the hatchet and sets out to fulfil the rage in his soul.
Hamilton
Hamilton is a musical movie that was constructed around the life of Alexander Hamilton. Through the application of various theatrical methods and innovative musicals, the movie took me through the biography of a politician and invited the audience to contemplate on the momentous and dramatic revolution as well as the founding of the United States. The musical is rather educative and informative owing to the accurate integration of traditional musicals and hip-hop to communication. As I was watching, I could tell of the ingenious integration of various elements, catchy score and flawless rendering (Detti, 2017). Through music, I was able to understand that the story was about Alexander Hamilton which was told through the application of modern tactics in an attempt to assist people of colour to view themselves from the perspective of the country’s history by spreading the story further beyond the property owned by the whites.
The musical has been constructed around the life of Alexander Hamilton who is the protagonist to explain how he rose and fell during the American Revolution. Hamilton did not have the opportunity to enjoy an easy life like most children since he was orphaned and born to a poor family, an aspect that caused him to become overly ambitious. As a passionate and opinionated man, Hamilton manages to rise above the criticism of those around him as he believes in the ability to become the best version of himself. In later scenes, Hamilton gets close to George Washington and becomes his right man in the revolutionary wars (Detti, 2017). He becomes the secretary of the Treasury; however, the election of John Adams causes his removal from the president’s cabinet. Nevertheless, his influence was still significant considering that he facilitated the structure of the financial system and the coast guard. As a result of the great influence, he faces resentment from various people including Madison, Aron Burr, and Jefferson, among others.
The main themes highlighted in this movie are legacy, history, conflicts, reputation, and time. The need for Hamilton to build a legacy has consumed the entire movie particularly his willingness to die and risk his marriage by publicizing his affair in a bid to preserve the reputation of his legacy. The ethical lives of the characters are driven by the fact that every person has a history and legacy. Conflicts and revolution also play a significant role in shaping Hamilton’s success and fame in his participation in the national government. Hamilton involvement in conflict makes him believe that it is the only way that the country could independence and stand out historically (Detti, 2017). At one point in the movies, Hamilton wishes that war was existing amongst them in order to prove that they were worth and that they deserved their honour. This undying determination is what differentiates from other characters in the movie such as Burr who does not stand to protect anything unless it works to his advantage.
The movie has historical significance in that it was set during American Revolution and has various similarities with the musical 1776 in that both are musical and have adopted a simple plot with a wide array of political and personal conflicts. Both movies tell the story of fierce debates and can be applied in explaining the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
The movie has represented the American revolution perfectly through the conflicts of Hamilton and Burr. However, although Hamilton is more ambitious, the movie ends in a rather disappointing nature following the death of Hamilton although he was the protagonist in the movie.
Conclusion
In Drums Along the Mohawk, John Ford was successful at presenting the American patriots from a brave and God-fearing perspective. The movie was constructed along with various themes including courage, prayer, endurance, and self-sacrifice. Unlike most movies produced during this period, it does not have scenes of alcohol use, sex, or foul language. The Patriot is a clear depiction of the life that people lived and persevered during the revolutionary war. Although the movie has introduced themes of love and drama particularly with the love story between Gabriel and Anne, it is evident that the weaponry and life showcased was accurate, making it a rather reliable source of historical depiction particularly in relation the period during the industrial revolution when Britain conquered Barbados. The Books of Negroes and Hamilton have also portrayed the subject of the American Revolution from a rather narrow yet satisfying manner.
References
Detti (2017 October 4). Hamilton: An American Musical | FULL SOUNDTRACK W/ LYRICS [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM7R6xmuz-YHD Retro Trailers (2018 April 23). Drums Along the Mohawk (1939) ORIGINAL TRAILER [HD 1080p]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ou6ITVZX9aoIcflix (2015 May 5). The Book of Negroes Trailer HD – icflix [Online]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoC3V000e1gYoutube Movies (2000). The Patriot (2000) – Trailer. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5u1am7pmrw