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Experiencing OB Assignment #3
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Experiencing OB Assignment #3
Questionnaire
I experience my emotions intensely. 1
I feel others’ emotions. 5
I am passionate about causes. 4
I enjoy examining myself and my life. 3
I try to understand myself.4
I seldom get emotional. 4
I am not easily affected by my emotions. 4
I rarely notice my emotional reactions. 1
I experience very few emotional highs and lows. 2
I don’t understand people who get emotional. 1
My affect intensity is therefore at 34.
From the questionnaire, I have a relatively high affect intensity, and therefore I am more active, more reactive to emotionally stimuli, more sociable, and more physically ‘arousable.’ Affect intensity is a moderator of emotional responses since persons with high affect intensity will experience stronger emotional responses than people with lower emotional responses. According to the Affective Events Theory (AET), there is a correlation between the feelings and emotions an individual experiences, to behavior, job performance, and job satisfaction (Organizational Behavior, 290). AET asserts that specific events at the workplace may result in different people feeling different emotions such as anger, fear, joy, love, sadness, and surprise. Emotional labor is the regulation of expression and feelings for organizations purposes and includes surface acting, deep acting, and genuine acting (Organizational Behavior, 291-292). An individual with high affect intensity is able to regulate their feelings and expressions better, and is able to portray a genuine attenmpt at empathy, which aligns the emotions the individual is expressing with the ones he/she is displaying (deep acting). Emotional intelligence refers to the comprehension of how others react to our emotions. Persons with a high affect intensity and emotional intelligence are able to better cope with challenges and perceive these problems as challenges rather than threats(Organizational Behavior, 296). Moreover, positive affectivity and emotional intelligence encourage deep acting at the work place and also enable the individual to express naturally felt emotion.
While working at Company X (name withheld) for my marketing internship, one of our major clients came to the office without an appointment and demanded to see how far we were from completing their project. None of the managers were around at the time. We were only two interns in the office, and we told the client that his project was far completion-the truth. Later on, when the manager came, the two of us were summoned to his office. Our boss yelled at us for telling the client the truth and told us, that we had no business answering the client, and that we should have kept quiet. This scolding made us feel terrible but it seemed to affect my co-worker more for he was in a bad mood the rest of the day, and did not turn in for work citing sickness. This situation proved that my colleague was negative affective since he experienced the negative moods with greater frequency (Organizational Behavior, 100).
Works Cited
BIBLIOGRAPHY Organizational Behavior. Washington: Saylor Academy, 2012.
District of Columbia Metro Environment
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District of Columbia Metro EnvironmentAnnotated Bibliography
Cole, Danny. “The effect of a curfew law on juvenile crime in Washington, D.C..” American
Journal of Criminal Justice 27.2 (2003): 217-232. Print.
This journal investigates the criminal patterns in D.C. The journal will facilitate this research in the nature of the crime, and how criminals in D.C use the relatively underutilized infrastructure to achieve criminal goals.
Grieger, T. A.. “Follow-Up of Pentagon Employees Two Years After the Terrorist Attack of
September 11, 2001.” Psychiatric Services 56.11 (2005): 1374-1378. Print.
This article assesses the nature of September 11, 2001 Terrorist attack in the neighboring state of Virginia. In this article, one will notice how D.C transport system can present a possible breeding place for terrorist. The article will also elaborate further on the issue of transport and domestic insecurity.
Guo, Zhan. “Does residential parking supply affect household car ownership? The case of New
York City.” Journal of Transport Geography 26 (2013): 18-28. Print.
This article assesses vehicle ownership patterns and how private vehicles affect transport in major urban centers. The article further assesses the integral role played by metro transport development in easing transport in major urban centers. Additionally, the article assesses the integral impact that metro transport fosters for local, state, and federal economies.
Kamruzzaman, Md., Douglas Baker, Simon Washington, and Gavin Turrell. “Residential
Dissonance and mode choice.” Journal of Transport Geography 33 (2013): 12-28. Print.
This article examines the majority’s choice in relation to transport and how this alters the various levels of economic development. The article further clarifies that metro transport is a decisive public mode of transport as compared to usage of private vehicles.
Marangos, John. “The Evolution of the Anti-Washington Consensus Debate: From ‘Post-
Washington Consensus’ to ‘After the Washington Consensus .'” Competition & Change 12.3 (2008): 227-244. Print.
This article examines various debate held in the state of D.C and how transport and security have continued dominating center stage discussion. The article further provides empirical information regarding advantages of using metro transport over predominant private cars.
Data
District of Columbia (DC) metro system presents a replica of an urbanized railway system. The system encompasses of a bus and rail. However, quite a significant number of residents use their private cars to the move around the city. D.C’s Metro system is one of the oldest in east of the country. For instance, the rail date back as far as, 1870 and was funded by Treasury. Marangos (233) argues that; with time, the system has been resold to different investors who attempt to improve its functionality. For instance, since the switch from mechanical orientation to electrical driven in 1888, there are no other major development to the rail. For the last one century, the metro has not achieved its full capacity. As part of the Data, crime stands at 12 percent higher than other states. 18.9 million Tourists visit DC each year.
Claim
The District of Columbia rail system is underfunded and thus underutilized. Thus, there is a derivative necessity to ensure that funding is emphasized to optimal levels. Upgrading the metro system will mean that transport from different parts of the state would be achieved at a much lower financial and time cost. This would mean that more funds would be available easing transport in other sections of the cities, and consequently, other parts of the state.
Warrants
DC serves as the nation’s capital and thus transport is a crucial consideration to and fro the cities. Although the federal government which seats have consistently discouraged massive urban development in DC for the last decade, it is should be recalled that the general desire to have an effective metro system. DC is surrounded by a number of sprawling metropolitans. These are Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, West Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey. Most of the states of are densely populated and in most cases, there is heavy transport to and from D.C. In fact, statistics suggests that each year, over 18.9 million tourist visit the D.C and most them are from neighboring states (Guo, 24).
Additionally, this claim is responsive to the nature of DC as a state. It should be noted that; DC has high poverty, drug abuse, and gangs residing in city suburbs. Cole (222) further establishes that; over 60,000 residents are former federal ex-convicts. Traditionally, DC was known as murder city implying the highest crime rate in east states of the U.S. With the increasing threat of terrorist security threat, it is paramount to developing an effective railway system; one that will respond directly to the problems created by such a threatening system.
Based on this analysis, and the facts outlining the nature of the DC’s metro system, it is necessary to justify a collective approach to initiating a proper funding mechanism. A desirable funding mechanism is one that seeks to respond imperatively to challenges of the metro system. In vision, DC system should be effective to mitigate transport challenges within the city. To a greater extent, the system should be seen to minimize insecurity problems surrounding in DC, and conversely provide proper movement within the city.
Qualifiers
The genesis and direction of this argument seek to establish the nature of DC metro system. The argument has established that the nature of D.C metro system poses a greater security threat to the neighboring federal government offices. This threat can also be exported to Neighboring states. For instance, across the bank in Virginia is located the pentagon, the nation defense top administrative center. Grieger (1375) establishes that; in September 11, 2001, American Airlines 77 flight 77 was hijacked and consequently rammed into the building. This was a serious threat of terrorist activity. It is an obvious fact that the terrorist must have used the inaccessible crime building grounds of DC to process their activities.
Secondly, in reexamining the tourist factor, it is should be noted that, as part of the general initiative of the state of D.C, there is a decisive necessity to ensure that tourist travelling in the city are safe and utilize minimal time as possible in travelling. In 2011, the U.S incurred a loss of 121 billion dollars for the man hours spent in traffic jams. If you divide that figure into forty times, to get the total number of Man hours wasted in D.C, it means that D.C alone could have lost 3 billion dollars. Investing in a proper public transport system would mean that annually, the state/ federal government and the local economy would be saving that figure into government coffers.
Rebuttals
However, this approach can be contested heavily. For instance, it does not necessarily mean that an effective transport mechanism would automatically minimize crime rate, or to a greater extent improve tourist attractions. However, it is good to note that; improvement of the metro transport system will impact positively the quality of lives of the people of D.C and those of the neighboring states. Improved quality of lives will enable the larger public to afford better standards of living thus it will possible to work DC and live in New York or Philadelphia.
Backing
The social, economic, and political status of D.C relies on the agile nature of its residents and its daily/ annual visitors (Kamruzzaman et al, 19). For this reason, it is positive to remember that the federal government chairs in D.C and there is considerate reason. For example, after the development of the New York City Subway, the metropolitan was in a better position to provide commuter transport to over 1.7 billion rides annually. Hence, if Washington achieved a tenth of these rides, it would mean the economy and standards of living would double make Washington a safer and moral state.
Work Cited
Cole, Danny. “The effect of a curfew law on juvenile crime in Washington, D.C..” American
Journal of Criminal Justice 27.2 (2003): 217-232. Print.
Grieger, T. A.. “Follow-Up of Pentagon Employees Two Years After the Terrorist Attack of
September 11, 2001.” Psychiatric Services 56.11 (2005): 1374-1378. Print.
Guo, Zhan. “Does residential parking supply affect household car ownership? The case of New
York City.” Journal of Transport Geography 26 (2013): 18-28. Print.
Kamruzzaman, Md., Douglas Baker, Simon Washington, and Gavin Turrell. “Residential
dissonance and mode choice.” Journal of Transport Geography 33 (2013): 12-28. Print.
Marangos, John. “The Evolution of the Anti-Washington Consensus Debate: From ‘Post-
Washington Consensus’ to ‘After the Washington Consensus’.” Competition & Change 12.3 (2008): 227-244. Print.
Distribution of Income and Poverty
Distribution of Income and Poverty
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Distribution of Income and Poverty
Introduction
There is an uneven distribution of both income and poverty within the United States of America. Some regions have individuals who earn a better income, while others tend to have people who earn a low income. On the other hand, some areas can be characterized by poverty. Some ethnic groups within the United States of America are usually considered poor, while others are regarded as having financially stable individuals. Income levels in recent years have significantly increased within the US. There are various causes of both increased income and poverty.
In recent years, the United States of America has had a significant increase in various people’s income levels. In 2008, there was a financial crisis within the US. The government and various organizations have been working smart to restore the loss that was incurred during 2008. This resulted in a scenario whereby the wealthy individuals improved their state with time and became richer. One of the significant factors that have made the rich more prosperous is the fact that they invested in the right industries (Amadeo, 2018). Since 1993, there has been a significant improvement in the family income, which was recorded as 25%. The income level within the United States of America has been changing recently because of various factors.
Causes of Poverty and Reduction of Income
One of the significant causes of income imbalance within the United States of America is cheap labor availability, which comes from China (Amadeo, 2018). There are other ideas, such as job outsourcing. Companies that utilize cheap Chinese labor and those that originate from India tend to offer competition to industries using American labor for several decades.
Individuals who are educated up to the college level earn better wages than those who never made it past high school. Uneducated individuals are some of the individuals who have been held responsible for improving the United States of America (Amadeo, 2018). This is because there are multiple job opportunities which are available for individuals who have college degrees. Educated individuals also specialize in particular fields compared to individuals who never made it past high school. Uneducated individuals tend to have a limited range of job opportunities.
One of the primary characteristics of this modern era is the availability of technology that can solve almost every problem that has been presented to man. This means that several individuals lost their jobs with the introduction of machines and technological advancements, leading to an imbalance within various individuals’ income levels (Amadeo, 2018). There are several disputes which occur within precise organizations that offer job opportunities to individuals. Some organizations barely solve those problems using the appropriate method, thus leading to an imbalance in income.
In recent years, the United States of America has had a significant population increase, thus leading to poverty (Miller, 2018). An increase in population also led to unemployment. The jobs that exist tend to favor precise individuals, such as the ones who are college graduates. The other group of individuals sometimes opt for the option of crime within their areas.
Ten percent of the individuals within the United States of America are disabled. This means that they cannot perform specific tasks with ease like ordinary people. Several categories of disabled people range from difficulty in walking up to mental retardation, amongst others (Miller, 2018). Such individuals bare compete within the education system and job opportunities within their regions. Individuals who have jobs that they use as a source of income tend to earn low wages since they are not competitive as ordinary citizens.
Distribution of Income and Poverty
White Americans have better income levels compared to other ethnic groups. Blacks, on the other hand, are the ones who are runners up when it comes to comparing the ethnic groups with better income within the United States of America (Wilson, 2020). Hispanic tend to be at the bottom of the list when it comes to income distribution.
Regions within South America tend to be poor compared to North America. Several regions within the United States of America are considered poor compared to others. Selma, located in Alabama, tends to be the most impoverished region within the United States of America. The region has a 41% poverty rate (Comen, 2020). Ordinary households earn up to twenty-four thousand dollars yearly. This is an area that is inhabited by Blacks compared to White.
Groton, which is located in Connecticut, is a region with a poverty rate of 13.7%. Ordinary people earn a total of $53,750. Connecticut itself has individuals who earn a better income, but the situation is different when it comes to Groton. A region such as New Castle, which is located in Delaware, is one of the poor areas within the United States of America (Comen, 2020). The poverty rate at New Castle is at 6.5%, and ordinary people earn up to $63,573.
Management of Distribution of Income and Poverty
There are multiple ways in which high poverty rates can be managed and poor income to be improved. The government is supposed to create free colleges to learn necessary skills such as bridge and building repair (Thomas, 2018). The government is supposed to increase employment rates in various regions considered poor and offer all ethnic equal job opportunities. For the graduates who are graduates and lack jobs, the government is supposed to come up with appropriate intervention measures to employ the graduates.
The minimum wage per person who works within the United States of America is supposed to be raised. This is because individuals have families that depend on them for everything, such as basic needs (Thomas, 2018). Some initiatives are in places such as cash assistance and food stamps, which Americans can benefit from with ease. The government is supposed to develop more initiative, which is essential to its citizens and other individuals within the United States of America.
Childcare within the US is expensive. The government should invest in childcare because middle-class families cannot afford the existing appropriate child care. Ordinary families tend to struggle with early childhood education and thus opt for cheap childcare (Thomas, 2018). The same family also faces challenges when it comes to payment of taxes. The government is supposed to reduce the tax on individuals who come from a poor neighborhood.
Conclusion
The distribution of poverty and income tend to affect various ethnic groups and regions within the United States of America. There are multiple causes of poverty, such as an increase in population amongst others. The government is supposed to create management measures that can curb poverty, such as creating more employment and increasing wages.
References
Amadeo, K. (2018, August 22). Income Inequality in America. The Balance; The Balance. https://www.thebalance.com/income-inequality-in-america-3306190
Comen, S. S. and E. (2020, June). Poverty rates: Some of poorest towns in the country are found across the southern US. USA TODAY. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/06/25/poverty-the-poorest-town-in-every-state/111979468/
Miller, R. (2018, October 28). What are the causes of poverty in America? The Independent | News Events Opinion More. https://suindependent.com/causes-poverty-america/
Thomas. (2018, October). Progress in fighting poverty in America has slowed despite recent economic recovery. USA TODAY; 24/7 Wall Street. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/economy/2018/10/01/fighting-poverty-america-slowing-despite-recent-economic-recovery/1445296002/
Wilson, V. (2020). Racial disparities in income and poverty remain largely unchanged amid strong income growth in 2019. Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/blog/racial-disparities-in-income-and-poverty-remain-largely-unchanged-amid-strong-income-growth-in-2019/