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TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
The cardiovascular system comprises of the heart and the blood vessels. This system ensures that there is the blood supply to all body tissues. The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels, which in turn supply the very blood to all areas of the body. Once there is a disease affecting any of the system’s components, it’s called a cardiovascular disease. The types of cardiovascular diseases vary depending on the cause and the affected part of this system. There can be diseases of both the heart and the blood vessels.
Blood Vessel Diseases
Blood vessels help the body to get blood rich in oxygen and nutrients in addition to helping the tissues get rid of unwanted wastes like carbon dioxide. Once they get an infection, they can be inflamed, and their function can be impaired. Infections can lead to vasculitis among other vascular diseases. Similarly, conditions like atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis can affect their functional capacity. The other type of vascular disease is the peripheral vascular disease, which affects the blood vessels that supply the limbs, thus poor blood supply to the very limbs. Also, cerebrovascular disease is a vascular disease that impairs the normal function of the vessels supplying the brain. This disease can complicate and give rise to a stroke, which is a fatal disease.
Heart Diseases
There are many heart diseases that include:
Coronary heart disease. This disease affects the coronary arteries of the heart. Due to the presence of fats, cholesterol and other materials in the blood, plaque may deposit on the walls of these vessels, narrowing or even clogging them. Such a phenomenon results in coronary heart disease That interferes with blood flow to the heart, hence myocardial infarction.
Heart attack. This disease is also known as acute myocardial infarction because the heart muscle undergoes infarction when there is a poor supply of oxygenated blood. That occurs when the coronary artery gets blocked or narrow in a way that denies the cardiac muscles adequate blood. For this reason, most heart attacks are a complication of coronary heart disease.
Congenital heart diseases. This kind of diseases is present in an individual during the time of birth. They are linked to genetic factors in the family since most of the people who have them are found to have a family history of the disease. In addition, mothers who use drugs like cocaine and thalidomide among many others are likely to have congenital heart disease. Smoking and excessive intake of alcohol are some of the risk factors for these diseases. They include ventricular and atrial septal heart defects and congenital heart valve diseases among others.
Cardiomegaly. This disease is characterized by an abnormally enlarged heart. The condition comes about when the heart works hard to pump blood due to underlying conditions like hypertensive heart disease. The enlargement impairs the normal heart function.
Infectious diseases. Infections from pathogenic microorganisms can spread to the circulatory system and affect not only the heart, but also other body parts through blood. Diseasess like endocarditis, myocarditis and pericarditis are caused by microbial pathogens. Rheumatic heart disease is also one of the diseases that occurs secondary to infections.
Pulmonary heart disease. This disease occurs when the right side of the heart fails to perform its normal functions of receiving blood from the body parts and pumping it to the lungs. Such an occurrence affects both the pulmonary system and the heart, hence the name pulmonary heart disease.
In general, there are many types of cardiovascular diseases. These diseases affect both the heart and the blood vessels. They vary depending on the cause and a part of the system that they affect.
Tuition-Free College
Tuition-Free College
Did you know that it costs students $25, 362 in tuition fees to attend a four-year course in the United States on average? The question of making college education free has always been an issue of discussion. It is a question with a complicated and unclear answer. Particularly during the electioneering period, the debate about student debt and the affordability of college education has always taken the center stage. This is particularly because presidential candidates like to build their manifestos on issues of the cost of higher education. With the cost of completing a degree rising by the day, it places students, predominantly; those hailing from financially challenged backgrounds at a disadvantage. Education is an important determinant of a person’s future and it helps impact society positively and as such, college education should be made free. As taxes continue going up, tuition-free education would be beneficial to everyone as it reduces the burden of students to repay loans, it accords students from low-income backgrounds an opportunity to study, and also grants them an opportunity to pursue a major of their choice.
trusted leader
Trusted Leader
Student’s Name
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Trusted Leader
A leader is a person whose mandate is to influence others towards achieving the objective and directing an organization towards a cohesive and coherent end (Clark, 2005). The employees have to trust their managers to act reasonably towards promoting shared values, interests and to respond as may be necessary for their needs and wants. The managers should show the same trust on their employee’s capabilities and devotion. This results in a winning team.
Trust in any organization is of three major forms. Strategic trust, organizational trust and personal trust (Galford & Drapeau, 2011). Strategic trust is the trust on organization’s missions to be achievable, trust in the strategies employed and trust that the efforts devoted will bear fruits of success. Organizational trust involves trust in the implementation and administration of an organization’s policy to the letter for the benefit of all. Finally, and equally important is the personal trust, this is the trust on managers to execute their roles fairly while looking out for their employee’s interests (Galford & Drapeau, 2011).
Trustworthy leaders have a lot to prove in terms of their virtues. Faith and its teachings, on the other hand, aim at inculcating high moral and ethical standards, enhance a sense of personal commitment and create near perfect interpersonal relationships. These are all the qualities emphasized upon to be a trusted leader. Faith also seeks to create a trustworthy, honest society and insists on fairness and services to others, which are the basic qualities of a trusted manager. Hence, as depicted faith and learning are integral and go hand in hand.
Leadership and management may appear similar, but they are different and only complement each other. Some consider them the same thing (Zalenik, 2004). Leadership and management both involve influencing and working with people towards achieving set goals and objectives. While Leadership may involve the use of power to influence on thinking process and actions, management takes a more diplomatic approach. Management is concerned with job planning while leadership is involved with inspiring and motivating employees (Murray, 2011).
References
Clark, D. (2013, February 1) Concepts of Leadership: Leadership Training and Development Outline. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/operations/mgmt-admin/hr/leadership/ConceptsofLeade.htm” https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/operations/mgmt-admin/hr/leadership/ConceptsofLeade.htm
Galford, R. M., & Drapeau, A. S. (2002). The Trusted Leader: Bringing Out the Best in Your People and Your Company. New York: Free Press.
Murray, A.(2010). The Wall Street Journal Essential Guide to Management: Lasting Lessons from the Best Leadership Minds of Our Time. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Zaleznik, A. (2004, January). Managers and Leaders: Are They Different? Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.hbr.org/2004/01/managers-and-leaders-are-they-different/ar/1” http://www.hbr.org/2004/01/managers-and-leaders-are-they-different/ar/1