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Exhibition 2014 Adelaide Biennial
Exhibition: 2014 Adelaide Biennial
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Exhibition: 2014 Adelaide Biennial
The Adelaide Biennial has the longest history (26 years) of survey for contemporary art in Australia. It was established in 1990 after being initiated by the director of Art Gallery known as Daniel Thomas in South Australia. The 2014 Adelaide Biennial demonstrated the Art Gallery of South Australia by adopting an expansive vision, risk taking, and the desire to inform and educate the general public concerning all matters of contemporary Australian art (Museums Association, 1996). The Adelaide Biennial has a great and unswerving commitment to offering an Art Gallery to individuals through expansive involvement of all stakeholders in Australia. The works strived to display the best and relevant contemporary work in context of Art Gallery in Australia. They also engaged with the whole world in promoting their activities and at the same time borrowing from other nations the necessary art work that would be beneficial to the Australian citizens. Adelaide Biennial was a very modern event that was timely, unique, and forward thinking thereby giving it the ability to express dominant and current concerns over the existing art work (In Fexeus, In Ehmann, & In Klanten, (2013).
The 2014 Adelaide Biennial was an event that tapped into the minds and the hearts of the whole nation since it probed political, psychological, and personal dimensions of contemporary Australia. It made use of contemporary artists to explore the cultural identity of Australia and make Australia stand out across the world in terms of its operations in the works of art. According to Constantopoulos & Wang (2010), this was made possible through the presentation of over twenty eight Artists from Australia and also other individuals who offered a variety of collective presentations. The presentations included were brave and visionary and included painting, photography, installation, sculpture, and moving images. Among the important ideas and issues that were addressed by the artists encompasses Australia’s ecological fate, intercultural relationships, political, power, and gender (Constantopoulos & Wang, 2010). The curators played a very critical role in making the event a success and of course fruitful. One of the curators known as Nick Mitzevich, who was also the Director of South Australian Art Gallery, said that his major concern was on assembling an exhibition that would connect with the viewers and offer a moving experience to all the participants.
The Art Gallery is located at a very strategic and accessible point between the University of Australia and the South Australian Museum. This made it possible for everybody wishing to have an experience of the Australian culture to visit at any time since the admission is also very free on a daily basis from 10am-5pm. It is located in a place that is well serviced with public transport such as trains and buses. For example, Adelaide railway station is closely located to the Art Gallery; just a five minutes walk. The Adelaide buses also offer free services and free travels across the city; passing through key sites such as the Art Gallery (Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions, 1994). On the other hand, there is also an expansive parking lot at the Wilson car park for individuals who wish to drive themselves into the Art Gallery. The event offers an overnight accommodation and well served breakfast at the Riverside restaurant for the visitors. It also offers holiday services that include two nights of accommodation, an exhibition of accommodation, return economy airfares, and a voucher that would give the visitors the opportunity to dine at the exclusive Australian Art Gallery (Layne, 2014). The event takes all people into consideration including the physically challenged individuals because upon visiting the Art Gallery, there is a pram access and wheelchairs that are located in all the places in the Art Gallery. The services and treatments are offered by very friendly staff that would be willing to offer any required assistance (Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions, 1994). Visitors did not fear carrying heavy luggage into the Art Gallery because there were very spacious cloakrooms at the information desk where luggage such as large bags and umbrellas could be kept. For the visitors who wished to board, there were very modern and exclusive male and female amenities offered at lower ground and upper ground floors and also the baby change facilities for those who have young babies.
Adelaide Biennial event has opened up Gallery shops where its publications, gifts, and cards inspired by the exhibition can be purchased. The 2014 Adelaide Biennial publications majorly features the art work, purpose for the exhibition, and a number of insightful essays that majorly talk about the Australian culture ( Klanten & Sinofzik, 2013). The publications are available at affordable prices and the shops are open on a daily basis from 10am to 4.45pmpm. It has a very exclusive restaurant that offers an inspired menu for lunch and breakfast, plus cold drinks, coffee, and sweet treats throughout the day. This gave the visitors a conducive environment to relax and have fun as they celebrate the Australian culture. Adelaide Biennial also organized a very successful festival between 28 February and 16 March, which gave the audience an opportunity to celebrate an outstanding mix of international theater productions. The festival also involved a series of entertaining performances from world class musicians, renowned writers, breathtaking dance pieces, and striking visual art displays (Klanten, & Sinofzik, 2013). The epic performances at the festival brought great fun and enjoyment for the people who were interested in celebrating the Australian culture. There is also the Economic Botany Santos Museum, which is a globally renowned colonial museum. The museum gives people the opportunity to celebrate the value that is brought by the botanical world to the society and the significance of plants in people’s lives. The museum was opened on a daily basis in April and a variety of art works such as that of Caroline Rothwell were on display. Adelaide Biennial has expert Gallery Guides who offer a private guided tour to individuals or people who wish to tour in a group at any time of the day.
The two curators were a major pillar in the success of the events since they strived to promote an immersive and emotional exhibition that explored the underbelly of Australian contemporary culture. Nick Mitzevich was appointed in May 2013 to become the Adelaide Biennial 2014 curator and he was initially the Director of Queensland University. He was recognized for his peculiar achievements and even received Gallery Services Queensland and Museum Outstanding Achievement Award in 2009. Nick Mitzevich has notably curated at national and international exhibitions. This has given him the opportunity to gain extensive experience and the knowledge to manage and direct public galleries while at the same time be able to understand the practices of contemporary Art Gallery (Klanten & Sinofzik, 2013).
References
Adams, M. (2013). Turn right at Machu Picchu: Rediscovering the lost city one step at a time. Melbourne: Text Publishing Company.
Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions. (1994). Marketing visitor attractions: A guide. Edinburgh: Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions.
Constantopoulos, E., & Wang, W. (2010). Fassianos Building: Athens 1990-1995, Kyriakos Krokos. Austin: University of Texas at Austin, Center for American Architecture and Design.
Dupré, J., & Smith, A. D. (2013). Skyscrapers: A history of the world’s most extraordinary buildings. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers.
In Fexeus, E., In Ehmann, S., & In Klanten, R. (2013). Northern delights: Scandaniavian homes, interiors and design.
Klanten, R., & Sinofzik, A. (2013). Introducing: culture identities: Design for museums, theaters, and cultural institutions. Berlin: Gestalten.
Klanten, R., Hellige, H., & Gallagher, J. (2011). Cutting edges: Contemporary collage. Berlin: Gestalten.
Laurel, . A. (1999). Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Study Guide. Irvine: Saddleback Educational Pub.
Layne, S. P. (2014). Safeguarding cultural properties: Security for museums, libraries, parks, and zoos. Burlington: Elsevier Science.
Museums Association. (1996). Museum practice. London: Museums Association.
Rungard, . (2000). Marketing and public relations handbook for museums, galleries & heritage attractions. AttaMira Press.
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Exercise Induced Asthma
Exercise Induced Asthma
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u Effects of Exercise-Induced Asthma on Athletes PAGEREF _Toc379627672 h 2Treatments PAGEREF _Toc379627673 h 3Short-acting beta agonists PAGEREF _Toc379627674 h 4Ipratropium (Atrovent) PAGEREF _Toc379627675 h 4Inhaled corticosteroids PAGEREF _Toc379627676 h 5Leukotriene modifiers PAGEREF _Toc379627677 h 5Theophylline PAGEREF _Toc379627678 h 5Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) PAGEREF _Toc379627679 h 5Combination inhalers PAGEREF _Toc379627680 h 6Reasons for exercise induced asthma PAGEREF _Toc379627681 h 6Relation of exercise induced asthma to other diseases PAGEREF _Toc379627682 h 7
The physical activities that trigger the symptoms of asthma are called Exercise Induced Asthma. Asthma in people causes inflammation in the small airways of the lungs, and when it get triggered by physical activities or any other substances from the environment, the airways in the lungs can constrict. Most people affected with exercise-induced asthma characteristically experience the symptoms of asthma only when carrying out exercises. When the level of the population in the air is extremely high, exercise-induced asthma happens to be remarkably common; this can also be noticed among those who have poor physical respiratory infections (Exercise-Induced Asthma, 2012).
One reason why exercises induce asthma is that; when one takes a normal breadth, the air taken in get warned and moistened by nasal passages given that people happen to breathe using their mouths when exercising making them inhale both colder, as well as drier air. Because of all these; when exercising, the muscles bands within the airways becomes more sensitive to the changes of humidity and temperature hence reacting by contracting the airways. Conversely, some people do not have the asthma, but can only develop the symptoms when doing the exercise (Exercise-Induced Asthma, 2012). The research carried out shown that asthma are caused or triggered by several factors that are lengthy and varied. The individuals having asthma has different factors triggering the disease. The triggers in most cases are related to the way a person breathes and the condition where the person is breathes. The most triggers include the contaminants within the air such as smoke, dust and pollution.
Effects of Exercise-Induced Asthma on AthletesExercise-Induced Asthma has various effects on the athletes. One of the effects is that, the disease causes a fatigue during an exercise to the athletes. The athletes more often than not become tired extremely quickly when carrying out the exercises. Exercise-Induced Asthma also affects the chest of the athletes by making them experience chest tightness or pain or when exercising. The effects of Exercise-Induced Asthma to athletes may begin at a few minutes after the athletes starts exercising, and may continue worsening for about 10 to 20 minutes after finishing the workout. It is also possible to have the effects both during exercise and after finishing the exercise (Exercise-Induced Asthma, 2012). The athletes can also have an effect of shortness of breath, coughing as well as wheezing. These are mostly caused by toxic detergents that are consumed by the athletes when exercising; this may include dusts, the smoke of cigarettes, cold weather and many others that makes them sneezing repetitively and cough. The feeling of a short breath or fatigue to athletes while doing exercise may be normal especially if the person happens not to be in a great shape. However, with Exercise-Induced Asthma the effects or symptoms may not be normal given that they can tend to be more severe.
Different studies carried out shown that Asthma has increasingly become the common persistent respiratory condition that has become commoner among the athletes. Research carried out on exercise-induced asthma shown that prevalence rates in the elite athletes of about 10%, as well as 50%, are depending on sports. The prevalence rates are mainly high in areas where there are cold weather sports. The Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is quickly responding to the increasing rates of prevalence in athletes having exercised induced asthma and increased use of the inhaled medications for the treatments. Presently, the IOC publicly made it mandatory for the athletes that wished to use inhaled medications for asthma toward producing diagnostic evidence.
TreatmentsIt is renowned that, exercise-induced asthma is a chronic disease, therefore, it requires a proper care for treatment; Doctors can take a lot of time when treating this type of disease. Some people across the globe tend to use medications in their whole lifespan. The best way of improving the lives of the infected people is by learning what one can do to treat asthma as well as making it better. The infected person may all the time become partners with the health care professionals to offer information and education that will be helpful and meaningful to the person. Treatment recommendations should be followed at all time with the health-care professionals to help the infected for understanding his/her treatments by knowing the type of drugs to be used along with how it is being used.
Treatment of EIA should be carried out with a lot of supervision from the physician. The EIA is best managed if only the patient and doctors are willing to work together to identify, eliminate, as well as control what is said to be the triggers to the chronic disease. It is therefore, necessary to choose effective maintenance and maintenance medications, so as to have the correct asthma emergency plan. EIA sometimes is treated with medications used for a standard asthma diagnosis; however, there are different ways of controlling the disease. Firstly, the infected person should make an effort of warming up slowly by slowly at the area he/she feels tightness linked with EIA. Breath work on the other hand, can also be used as a preventive measure for EIA. Breath work is done for the most part when a person has done enough exercise, and it is frequently done after the initial warm-up at the start of the symptoms. Consequently, physical activities that minimize the EIA symptoms should be put in practice. The following examples are some drugs that can be used for treating the EIA person.
Short-acting beta agonistsThese are an inhaled bronchodilator medication that involves the use of drugs such as albuterol also known as Ventolin, lavalbuterol and pirbuterol. Most people use albuterol of about one to three puffs or other inhaled short-acting beta agonists for about 15 to 20 minutes prior to the exercise, by doing so; the person will at least manage the EIA symptoms for up to five hours. The inhaled bronchodilator medications may rapidly alleviate the symptoms during the asthma attack. Conversely, it sometimes becomes possible for one to develop the tolerance to the medications if it is used frequently.
Ipratropium (Atrovent)In most cases, doctors prescribe the inhaled medication to people to immediately relief the symptoms of EIA. As compared to other bronchodilators, the ipratropium helps in relaxing the airways in the lungs making it easier for a person to breathe without any difficulties. Ipratropium is frequently used for chronic bronchitis as well as emphysema, however, in most often than not it is mainly used for treatment of asthma attacks. Additional medications on the other hand ,should be taken to control the symptoms of asthma. For that reason, a daily long-term control medication can also be practiced for those who have frequent asthma symptoms when they fail to exercise, or when the medication is used before exercise is seen not to keep the asthma symptoms under control. For the long-term control medications, the medications should be taken daily (Holgate & Busse, 1998). Examples of long-term control medications include:
Inhaled corticosteroidsThe medication includes fluticasone, budesonide, Mometasone, flunisolide and many others. The named drugs are the most prescribed long-term asthma medication. These medications should be used for some days and weeks before reaching the maximum advantages. Other medications such as corticosteroids have relatively a low risk of the side effects as well as safe for a long-term use (Holgate & Busse, 1998).
Leukotriene modifiersThis is a type of oral medication which includes Montelukast and zileuton. The medication generally helps in preventing asthma symptoms at a period of about 24 hours. In most cases, this type of medications usually gets linked to the psychological reactions which include agitation, hallucinations, as well as aggressions. It is therefore necessary for the person to seek medical advice when he/she starts having some unusual reactions.
TheophyllineTheophylline is a daily pill which helps in keeping the airways widely open. The type of medication tends to relax the muscles that are around the airways in order to make breathing easier. Presently, the drug is not used as often given that there are more-effective medications that are available and are used in every situation (Holgate & Busse, 1998).
Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)The inhaled medications includes salmetoral and formoterol. The medications are taken at least 40 minutes before doing an exercise, long-acting beta agonists helps in preventing the symptoms of EIA for up to 12 hours. However, these medications have been linked to the severe attacks of asthma. Long-acting beta agonists should be mainly taken when combined with the inhaled corticosteroid.
Combination inhalersFor this case, medication involves a combination of the inhalers that are used to control the disease. The examples of a combined inhaler include Fluticasone and salmeterol, budesonide and formoterol, and Mometasone and formoterol. All these combinations of medications contain LABAs along with the corticosteroid. Similar to other LABA medications, the named medications may increase the risk of a severe asthma attack as well as the need to be used with caution.
Reasons for exercise induced asthmaThe various researches carried out shown that, no research outlines the reasons for exercise induced asthma. The mechanism may look quite difficult and complicated as well as may involve the sensory nerves and redistribution of the flow of blood right through the lungs. It is therefore evidenced that, the major reasons for exercise induced asthma may come as a result of breathing faster and heavily when exercising can lead to situations where the lining of the airways happens to get dry concentrating the cells contents in the dried area leading to what is termed as increased osmotic load (Mayo Clinic Staffs, 2012). The other reasons for exercise induced asthma may be caused by the airways that decrease rapidly because of evaporations that cause the heat loss. In untreated asthma, the lining of airways is always inflamed, drying of the airways as well as the cooling tend to act as physical triggers to cause the cells within the inflamed airways to discharge the constrictor chemicals, which then causes the muscles within the airways to start contracting and to becomes narrow which gives rise to the reasons for exercise induced asthma.
Relation of exercise induced asthma to other diseasesExercise-induced asthma a state of difficulty breathing experienced in the respiratory which is related to histamine release that gets triggered by an aerobic exercise and tends to lasts for the maximum number of minutes. The chronic disease is mostly caused by various medical conditions, the environmental factors as well as medications. The symptoms of Exercise-induced asthma in more often than other is similar to the symptoms of allergic asthma, or in most cases, the symptoms seems to be more vague and unrecognized, which thus results in underreporting of the disease (Exercise-Induced Asthma, 2012). The only optimal treatment for Exercise-induced asthma is to prevent an onset seen symptom along with the basis of the treatments of short term agonist medication. With suitable interventions, the projections of asthma will be more excellent to athletes. Different symptoms identified in Exercise-induced asthma can be prevented, exercise-induced anaphylaxis, is frequently presumed to be related to the EIA, however the state is enormously rare as well as unrelated (Mayo Clinic Staffs, 2012).
References
Bellenir, K. (2005). Asthma information for teens: health tips about managing asthma and related concerns including facts about asthma causes, triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. London: Omnigraphics.
Exercise-Induced Asthma, (2012). Symptoms, Treatments, Prevention, and Causes. WebMD – Better information. Better health. Retrieved December 14, 2012, from http://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/exercise-induced-asthma
Goldberg, B. (1995). Sports and exercise for children with chronic health conditions. London: Human Kinetics.
Holgate, S. T., & Busse, W. W. (1998). Inflammatory mechanisms in asthma. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Mayo Clinic Staffs, (2012). Exercise-induced asthma: Symptoms – MayoClinic.com. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved December 14, 2012, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/exercise-induced-asthma/DS01040/DSECTION=symptoms
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