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Discussion Response
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I agree with you that, as a counselor, dealing with multicultural clients can be challenging. However, counselors need to observe cultural sensitivity and awareness for the best results. Prejudices and biases emanating from cultural differences can interfere with the recovery process if not observed keenly hence the need for a counselor to demonstrate competency. I agree that counselors show that they are well versed in cultural knowledge, as this makes relating with clients easier. They also build a strong relationship with their counselors, making patient recovery easier. Moreover, I agree that managing expectations are something counselors should master. Notably, Christian counselors should not expect their Muslim clients to have the same lifestyle as their Christian ones. She should be well informed about what is acceptable for one religion and what is not acceptable for another one. Like you, I also think there is nothing wrong with challenging moral values and beliefs as long as the correct channels are employed.
Excessive Spending on National Elections
Excessive Spending on National Elections
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Excessive Spending on National Elections
Campaigns in the United States are becoming more and more expensive for the last few elections. The 2020 election in particular was a special one with the highest recorded amount of money spend on campaigning. According to the Washington post, the total amount of money used in the 2020 campaigning for presidency went up to $14 billion. This is insanely large amount of money even though the competition was very tight last year with very aggressive supporters of both sides of trump and Biden. Some individuals were so angry with trump that the only thing they wanted was for him to get out of the white house (Goldmacher, 2020). Therefore, these people having no any other option supported Biden to the best of their abilities and made sure that he won by all means possible. One of the major ways of ensuring this was through donating as much money as possible. Compared to the 2016 election bill which as around $2 billion the 2020 election campaign spending was too much and the major question remains if it was worth it.
However, this was not just the part which spend a lot of money. The senator campaigns also cost a lot of money. The party which surpassed the $1 billion threshold was the democratic party and 22% of these contributions were from small dollar donors (Goldmacher, 2020). All this money used for campaign as some people suggest would have been used to solve some pressuring social problem. For reasons like these most people stop voting when they realize that political campaigns are just what weakens the American society and especially the realization that during the campaigns is when there is a lot of ‘dirty’ money getting out and getting into the system. This includes money from drugs and other illegal businesses and operations.
Reference
Goldmacher, S. (2020). The 2020 Campaign Is the Most Expensive Ever (By a Lot). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/us/politics/2020-race-money.html
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) Explained
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Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) Explained
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) refers to the amount of oxygen the body consumes after an exercise session which is above the baseline of pre-exercise oxygen consumption. The body takes up more oxygen after work out rather than before to enable it to burn more calories in the process of recovering from the exercise. The factors that contribute to a high EPOC include an increased ventilation, re-oxygenation of hemoglobin and myoglobin, lactate re-synthesis, elevated heart rate, higher core temperature and elevated neurotransmitters. This essay discusses why Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) is higher following a high intensity exercise.
Following an exercise, the body needs to go back to a resting state of homeostasis. The recovery process uses energy which explains why a person will experience increased caloric expenditure following an exercise as compared to before an exercise. Some of the changes that take place during EPOC include replenishment of energy sources, decreased body temperature, return to normal breathing and heart rate, restoration of circulatory hormones, and re-oxygenation of blood. While it is said that the body can take between 15 minutes and 48 hours to fully recover from exercise, research does not point to a specific time frame. Majority of studies posit that caloric expenditure and oxygen consumption can go up to 24 hours post-exercise.
There exists a link between cardiovascular exercise intensity and EPOC. In research conducted by Bahr and Sejerted, subjects finished exercise intensities of 75%, 50%, and 29% of VO2 max for 80 minutes recorded the greatest EPOC as a result of high-intensity exercise. Worth noting, while not all research points to actual caloric expenditure, it is well understood that for each litre of oxygen that is consumed, about five calories get burned in all nutrition and exercise physiology contexts. After a higher intensity exercise, the EPOC duration is significantly low compared to low intensities of 10.5 hours versus 3.3 and 0.3 hours. Researchers probed the effects of high-intensity (75% VO2 max) and low-intensity (50% VO2 max) exercise on EPOC response. Despite the energy cost in both exercises being 500 calories, the bout with the higher intensity (9.0 litres, 45 calories) had a significantly higher EPOC when compared to the lower intensity bout (4.8 litres, 24 calories). Numerous studies have been conducted to probe the effects of high intensity, which is the long duration of exercise of EPOC. Maehbum et al. found that EPOC of 26 L after 80 minutes of cycling in eight men and women at 70% VO2 max(Jung, Won-Sang, et al., 45). Additionally, they also found that VO2 was elated by an averagely 5% of 24 hours after exercise. These studies show that exercise post-exercise oxygen consumption tends to contribute highly to an overall caloric expenditure, but they vary between subjects.
Research provides mixed results when it comes to the effect of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. This is because numerous factors tend to contribute to the elevated caloric expenditure such as mode of exercise, exerciser fitness level, exerciser gender, and duration and intensity of exercise. Moreover, research designs variations make it hard to come to a consensus. Majority of research points to an EPOC effect of 50-200 calories after resistance training and interval training. Worth noting, in this process, more calories get expended during exercise sessions. The maximum EPOC response is demonstrated by resistance exercise and longer duration and/ or high intensity. Generally, the greater the intensity of exercise, the higher the magnitude and duration of EPOC. Numerous forms of exercise are recommended to increase EPOC effects, including interval training, heavy resistance training, tempo training, and circuit resistance training.
Works Cited
Jung, Won-Sang, et al. “Effect of interval exercise versus continuous exercise on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption during energy-homogenized exercise on a cycle ergometer.” Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry 23.2 (2019): 45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651650/