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Examining how the link Between Stress and Obesity differs among Children and Adults
Examining how the link Between Stress and Obesity differs among Children and Adults
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Table of Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u Abstract PAGEREF _Toc372559993 h iii1.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc372559994 h 12.0 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc372559995 h 12.1 Area of research PAGEREF _Toc372559996 h 33.0 Research Question PAGEREF _Toc372559997 h 34.0 Significance of the research PAGEREF _Toc372559998 h 3References PAGEREF _Toc372559999 h 5
AbstractThis presents a research proposal of a study that aims at examining how the link between stress and obesity differs among children and adults. The study will be conducted on children aged between 5 and 14 years and adults aged between 25 and 60 years. The paper has four main sections. First, it presents a brief introduction to the study topic. This is followed by a detailed review of past literature that is related to the study topic. A research question and sub-questions follow the literature review. Finally, the paper explains in brief the significance of the research.
Key words: Stress, Obesity, Age, Children, Adults
1.0 IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity in most parts of the world has increased at a high rate over the last few decades. Numerous studies have suggested that stress is one of the environmental factors that lead to development of obesity (Moore & Cunningham, 2012). Most studies have shown that stress influences individuals to seek energy-dense foods or to engage in less healthier eating habits and hence, increasing the risk of developing obesity. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the relationship between stress and obesity differs among children and adults.
2.0 Literature ReviewThere are numerous studies that have explored the impact of stress on development of obesity. Some studies have found that the association between stress and obesity may differ based on gender. Almost all studies that have focused on the issue have found a stronger link between stress and obesity in women than in men. A recent study conducted by Williams et al (2013) investigated relationship between stress and obesity among adults above the age of 18 years in Australia. The study utilized a sample of 3,759 respondents with obesity and other illnesses associated with style. The researchers found perceived stress to have strong association with glucose metabolism among the respondents. Williams et al (2013) also found that the impact of glucose metabolism in men was lower than in women. Chauhan (2009) conducted a study that utilized normal and obese individuals to investigate the relationship between stress and obesity. Chauhan (2009) found the amount of stress among obese individuals to be significantly higher than in normal individuals. As well, the study revealed that the link between stress and obesity is stronger in women than in men.
Some studies have focused on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity. Perkonigg et al (2009) conducted a longitudinal study of different studies that have explored relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity. The researches sought to determine whether the link differs based on sex. The researchers concluded that post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the significant causes of obesity. The findings of the study also showed significant difference in the association between stress and obesity in male and in female. There was stronger relationship between stress and obesity in females than in male. Pagoto et al (2012) also investigated the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity. The results supported the existence of link between post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity.
Scott et al (2012) investigated the relationship between chronic social stress and obesity by examining different reports and studies addressing the issue. The study showed similar findings to those that were derived in the studies highlighted above. Moore and Cunningham (2012) reviewed 14 studies assessing the link between social position, stress levels, eating habits and obesity. Moore and Cunningham (2012) found that individuals in higher status positions had lower stress levels, healthier eating habits and lower body weight. On the other hand, Individuals in lower status positions had higher stress levels, less healthy eating habits and higher body weight. Stronger link between stress and obesity was found in men than in women. Torres and Nowson (2007) examined the impact of stress on eating habits and influence in development of obesity. Torres and Nowson (2007) found a strong association between chronic stress and preference for energy-dense foods. The study found strong association between chronic stress and weight gain. However, unlike most other studies, Torres and Nowson (2007) found the link between chronic stress and obesity to be higher in men than in women.
Some studies have focused on relationship between stress and obesity in Children. Koch, Sepa and Ludvigsson (2008) found that psychological stress in families may be a major cause of obesity in children. A longitudinal study conducted by Harding et al (2011) showed that psychological stress in families is a major cause of obesity among children aged between 5 and 14 years.
2.1 Area of research
Generally, there are numerous studies that have found a positive link between stress and obesity. Also, there is vast literature that has examined how the relationship between stress and obesity differs based on gender. However, studies examining how the relationship between stress and obesity differs based on age are rare. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining how the relationship between stress and obesity differs among children aged 5-14 years and adults aged between 25 and 60 years.
3.0 Research QuestionThis study will seek to answer the following main research question: Does the link between stress and obesity differ significantly among children and adults?
The paper will seek to answer the following three sub-questions:
Is there significant relationship between stress and obesity in children aged between 5 and 14 years?
Is there significant relationship between stress and obesity in Adults aged between 25 and 60 years?
Is the link between stress and obesity significantly different among children and adults?
4.0 Significance of the researchThis research will contribute significantly by augmenting the existing literature on the link between stress and obesity. The study will be useful in determining the effects of stress in families in the development of obesity in children and adults. Further, the findings of the research will augment knowledge of clinicians regarding the impact of stress in development of obesity in children and adults.
ReferencesChauhan, S. (2009). Stress and Obese: A Comparative investigation of Obese and Non-ObeseIndividuals. International Indexed & Refereed Journal, 1(49), 27
Harding, J. L. et al (2011). Psychosocial stress predicts incident obesity over 5 years: Evidence
from the longitudinal AusDiab study. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 5, 31 – 32
Koch, F., Sepa, A. & Ludvigsson, J. (2008). Psychological stress and obesity. J Pediatr, 153(6),
839 – 844.
Moore, C. J & Cunningham, S. A. (2012). Social position, psychological stress, and obesity: a
systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(4), 518
Moore, Carla J and Cunningham, Solveig A. (2012). Social position, psychological stress, and
obesity: a systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(4), 518
Pagoto, S. L, Schneider, K. L, Bodenlos JS, Appelhans, B. M, Whited, M. C, Ma, Y. & Lemon,
S. C. (2012). Association of post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity in a nationally representative sample. Obesity (silver Spring), 20(1), 200-5.
Perkonigg, A., Owashi, T., Stein, M. B., Kirschbaum, C. & Wittchen, H. (2009). Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder and Obesity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(1), 1 – 8
Scott, K. A, Melhorn, S. J, & Randall, R. (2012). Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity.
Current Obesity Reports, 1(1), 16 – 25
Torres, S. J & Nowson, C. A. (2007). Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity.
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 23(11-12), 887 – 894
Williams, E. D., Magliano, D. J., Tapp, R. J., Oldenburg, B. F. 7 Shaw, J. E. (1013).
Psychosocial stress predicts abnormal glucose metabolism: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Annals of behavioral medicine: a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 62 – 72
Examine Trust and Fairness
Examine Trust and Fairness
In the course lectures on great examples, Professor Nishii shared three examples of companies that have taken steps to earn the trust of their employees:
Campbell Soup Company: A former CEO wrote ten to twenty handwritten notes to employees each day to recognize them as individuals and to highlight their value for specific contributions.
GE Healthcare: Employees were invited to meet with patients that benefitted from the lifesaving medical products they produced in their assembly line work. The goal was to show the employees how they make an impact and to see first-hand how they have something meaningful to contribute.
Deloitte Audit: The company touts values of inclusion, collaboration, high performance, and opportunity. The company says that inclusion fosters innovation and is central to its lasting success.
Now you will conduct your own original research on one of these companies using articles, the company website, and reviews on employment sites to find out how it is viewed by their employees and by job candidates. See what you can uncover about the company’s employment brand and their bottom line. Look for evidence to support the assertion that this company’s engagement efforts are influencing overall performance.
Instructions:
Choose one of the companies above to examine.
Use any of the sources referenced above to research the company.
Complete the following grid:
1. Which company did you choose to examine?
Answer: Deloitte Audit
2. What sources did you use to gather information? The company website
Articles
3. How do you think the company is viewed by its employees and by job candidates? Explain your reasons for your answer. Employees and job candidates view Deloitte Audit as a community that fosters diversity and inclusion and, and enhance employee engagement. This is because Deloitte enhances the recruitment experience by implementing a comprehensive hiring process that includes the development of a culture fit review and interactive assessment. This is an example of how Deloitte Audit creates a workplace in which each individual can thrive. Employees and job candidates enjoy the company through career opportunities, diversity, inclusion, team building programs, and mentoring programs that help foster professional growth.
4. Describe how you see the company’s employment brand. The Deloitte’s employment brand is great with 92% of the employees being proud to be in the company. most employees in the company feel that they are working in a positive work environment and they have the opportunity to make a difference. Employees in Deloitte also feel that they can be themselves and innovate at work. The company also has a high level of transparency. Employees feel that the company listens to their opinions and improvement suggestions.
5. What evidence did you find to support that this company’s engagement efforts are influencing its overall performance? Deloitte company has Supportive management that enhance creation of clear and supportive goals and promote agile performance management. There is also trust in leadership and a positive work environment. One of the most significant benefits that Deloitte delivers is that there is a sense of purpose, which makes the employees feel valued, and know their work is making an impact. There are many opportunities for career advancement as well. Deloitte is also very good at recognizing potential in people to help them advance.
There has been a significant improvement in quality of customers’ service and knowledge since Deloitte first came on staff. Almost immediately, they were able to begin to influence the quality of our services and how we performed as a team.
Summarize your conclusions:
What are the key takeaways for you after completing this examination?
In general, Deloitte company is a big company that has its operations across the world. It offers a flexible work environment and a humanistic workplace. In addition, the company is able to enhance employee engagement through enhancing inclusive, fair, diverse work environment. The culture of recognition in the company is also playing a significant role in promoting the achievement of organizational goals. It also facilitates talent improvement and mobility. Lastly, the company enhances training and support on the job ensuring that the employees are well equipped with the necessary skills and abilities.
Save your work and submit it according to the instructions in the course.
Discussion on Anger as a Chapter in the Dhammapada
Discussion on Anger as a Chapter in the Dhammapada
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Theravada Buddhist tradition suggests that Buddha spoke the verses in Dhammapada to address particular episodes. The chapter ‘Anger’ captured my attention in the Dhammapada. Anger is depicted as this powerful component of human life that needs careful managing, failure to which an individual suffers adverse consequences. There are various actions that one can indulge in to help free themselves from anger. This discussion will cover some of the lessons I have learned through the analysis of this powerful verse.
This verse tackles anger and all issues surrounding it. By reading this verse, I have learned that anger is a form of human bondage that limits individuals from expressing their true selves. People who have chosen to hold on to their anger are usually blinded by it and cannot see the joy of being free from it. Since anger is an emotion, it tampers how we think, and the only way it can be permanently eliminated is through non-anger actions. Using the exact opposite of the activity helps counterattack it. For instance, one can choose to tell the truth to overcome lies. Through kindness and goodness, it is possible to overcome wickedness. It is a matter of taking the initiative, and even though it is the hard way, the outcome is undeniably the best feeling one could ever have.
I have learned that no man is perfect, and working towards perfection is not an easy task. Individuals who are perceived as good and is praised in society have always portrayed flawless character. They are wise and are well-equipped with the necessary knowledge to get to be excellent. This flawlessness, however, does not happen overnight. An individual starts from admitting their flaws and being willing to change it. Through a series of practices and commitment, individuals gradually mold themselves into the person they want to be, and eventually, they achieve that goal.
It is therefore essential to guard our minds against irritability as it triggers anger. We should be ready to abandon our misconduct and adopt good conduct. To overcome anger, we need to identify the actions in our lives that are termed as misconduct and walk our way up against them until we are people of good conduct. This initiative is only possible if a person stays true to the course and owns the desire to experience a change in their lives. This way, they have a motivating factor that pushes them towards achieving a life of good conduct. A life of good behavior allows a person to lead a peaceful life in society because they won’t interfere with anyone’s personal space by simply being themselves. It is in did a fulfilling life.
Irritation can take many forms. It can come through our thoughts, our actions, and our speech. It is essential to recognize these irritations in their forms. This verse has taught me that refraining from all forms of irritations puts everything into perspective and enables one to have a clear headspace. This element automatically translates to the good mental health of an individual.
References
Buddharakkhita, A. (1996). Kodhavagga: Anger. Accesstoinsight.org. Retrieved 25 October 2021, from https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.17.budd.html.