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Use of Animals in Scientific Research
Use of Animals in Scientific Research
(Author’s name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
Abstract
Millions of animals are used each year for the acquisition of new scientific knowledge, necessary for survival and continuity of the human race. However, this practice by scientific research denotes a considerable amount of unethical execution, which is the basis of conflict regarding the issue. Though the issue has received a lot of criticism, the use of animals is acceptable because the results of most of these scientific research studies are beneficial for all. However, the application of this should be monitored and controlled to ensure that there is no violation occurs in the process.
Key Words: Scientific Research, Animal Testing, Ethics
Introduction
Research, in truth, is crucial for the survival of humanity. It is through research that the human race has successfully managed to come up with new ways of adapting to the ever-changing environment, and in the process attain and maintain survival and sustainability of their race (Strangor, 2010). Research has led to the discovery of food, and medicine among other things, thus its significance to human beings. However, research cannot reach its full implementation without the use of test subjects, to illustrate the effectiveness of the research. Notably, scientific research cannot be conducted on human beings, and for that reason, exploits the use of animals for research. In essence, scientific research comprises of three components including balancing between animal and human physiologies, experimenting on compounds, substances, or devices, and gaining new knowledge (Giridharan, 2000).
This paper examines the concept of animal testing in scientific research. The paper explains the extent to which animals can be used in scientific research in an acceptable manner.
To what Extent is the Use of Animals in Scientific Research Acceptable?
Evidently, research involving the use of animals for testing, has more significant contribution to scientific progression than research that does not employ animal testing. Results of studies conducted through animal testing have a 95% likelihood of being beneficial to their users, making this practice acceptable (Lowell, 2004). For example, scientists explain that the use of rodents and other animals is crucial for carrying out toxicological studies in the development of a drug molecule. Notably, in order to term animal testing as an ‘acceptable’ procedure, individuals need to take into consideration the procedures for application of this procedure. Researchers using animals for their studies need to consider the laws and principles that have been put in place to ensure proper application of this. This is the only way that animal testing can be deemed as acceptable, as the reversion of this has a negative connotation.
Contrastingly, critics believe that animal testing is unethical and requires curtailing. They believe some of the practices in animal testing are inappropriate, unethical, and refutable. Though it is accepted that animal testing is crucial for all, some researchers may conduct their experiments in deplorable mean, thus drawing on the unacceptability of the practice. Accordingly, critics argue that researchers who deliberately conduct animal testing in their research in the wrong manner should not be permitted to conduct research at all.
Conclusion
Animal testing in scientific research is only as acceptable as it is ethical. Put simply, this means that the acceptability of the practice depends on how researchers conduct experiments using animals. When using the correct procedures for animal testing in experiments, this practice is acceptable; but, if the procedures are wrongly employed, animal testing then becomes unacceptable.
References
Giridharan, N. V. (2000). Use of Animals for Scientific Research. Retrieved from:
http://www.icmr.nic.in/bioethics/Animals_biomedical%20research.pdf
Lovell D. P. et al., (2004). Reducing the Use of Laboratory Animals in Toxicological Research
and Testing by Better Experimental Design. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 58(1): 127-140.
Stangor, C. (2010). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Cengage
Learning.
Discussion Board 4
Discussion Board 4
Introduction to speech community has been one of my best courses. It has impacted me positively in so many different ways and I am looking forward to using its skills to be able to communicate with my friends, family, and other people around me in a better and more fluent manner. However, there were challenging parts of this course and one of them was the group activity unit 3. Even though we understood what was needed it was very difficult to first come up with what type of service or product to provide and how to advertise or talk about it positively. Therefore that was a challenging part but in the end, we were able to come up with the best way to deal with the assignment. To overcome this challenge in the future I am hoping to be able to discuss and research more deeply about current issues and be in active discussion with my group members for a possible way to do an assignment of this type.
At home, communication with my parents is always good and smooth. However, I always feel that I depend on them so much in most of my decisions. Therefore I am hoping the communication skills I have learned will help me begin communicating with them by bringing ideas to the table and not always asking what I am supposed to do. The communication skills will also help me understand my friends better since most of my friends like nonverbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a very good communication method especially for expressing emotions I am hoping to understand my friends better. I will also be able to understand better my baby sister who tries to communicate almost everything non-verbal even though she is learning to talk.
USA Concert Choir and University Chorale
USA Concert Choir and University Chorale
The first concert I ever attended in my life proved to be more fun than I had expected. I can even remember the exact date I attended the concert. It was on Tuesday, October 12, 2010 and the fun filled event was being hosted at the Department of Music in the University Of South Alabama. Two bands were playing in the evening concert, USA Concert Choir and University Chorale. I was initially reluctant about attending the concert because I simply had no idea which songs the bands were going to play. However, my friends encouraged me to attend the event. At 7.30 p.m we arrived at the venue and bought five dollar tickets at the front door. The man at the door gave us the concert description paper together with a translation paper on some of the songs that were not in English. We entered the wharf ampitheatre before the show began and took the front seats. The large ampitheatre was almost full but people were still streaming in.
The USA Concert Choir entered the stage at seven thirty. In a group of ten to twenty members, they stood still for a a few seconds before the conductor came in. The crowd gave them a loud applause as they began singing their first song. It was an acappela, which is a song without the accompaniment of instruments, titled To be Sung on the Water. The song had originally been created by Samuel Barber. The singing was wonderful especially in the way they combined choral variations of different voices in one song. The second song was also an acapella called From Lobet Den Herrn Alleluia originally done by Johann Sebastian Bach. The sound of the piano filled the large ampitheatre in the third song, From Les Chansons des Roses Conter Qui, Rose, by Morten Lauridsen. Their voices, in a perfect and harmonious movement with the piano, produced a great performance. Their presentation came to an end at 8 p.m with a moving performance of the song Cindy arranged by Carol Bennet and Nabeel Emaish playing the guitar.
A few minutes after the USA Concert Choir exited from the stage, the University Chorale took over. It was a large musical group composed of eighty to one hundred members. Their conductor was Laura M. Moore who was, coincidentally, the same conductor with the previous group. The first song they performed was Geographical Fugue by Ernst Torch. This was one song performed with very high energy levels with a combination of harmonised voices from both the right and the left sides of the group. I was amazed by the way each side would stop singing to give way for the other side side to take over. It was a really fantastic performance because it showed that the large group had done a lot of prcatice to perfect that style of singing. Their next preformance was the song Abraham and Isaac: A Parable of 9.11.01 by Roger Ames. A moment before the song was performed, the conductor explained the history of the song mostly about who created it and why. I learned that the song was written by a soldier. Their sorrowful voices made it one of the saddest and most emotional songs I had ever listened to. I felt emotionally relieved when the piano took over again in the song The Spheres by Ola Gjirilo. Their fourth performance was Z. Randall Stroope’s Amor de Alma. Their combined voices carried the deep meaning of the song whose title translates to The Love of My Soul. I hardly understood a single word of the song but by reading the translation script, and attempting to follow along with the singers, I was able to appreciate the fact that it was a love song. They concluded the show with a performance of Keep Your Lamps arranged by Andre Thomas. I liked the way Marcus Nobles played the percusions in this last song. He made it sound like an African song which was a completely new experience for me.
The University Chorale left the stage at 8.30 p.m just before the thoroghly entertained audience began leaving the theatre. I left fully contented that the show had been worth the cost of the ticket I had bought. The two groups had been quite entertaining especially the University Chorale which had used an assortment of instruments to create a well arranged performance. It was a perfect concert that I would recommend everyone to attend in support of both the music and the performers. I liked the experience and will definitely be attending another concert soon.