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Causes and Effects of Sex Trafficking
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Causes and Effects of Sex Trafficking
Sex trafficking refers to the act of crime when children, women, and children are involved in forceful sex acts commercially. It is estimated that a total of 4.5million people in the world are victims of commercial sex, while any minor in the united states in any commercial activity is considered a victim of sex trafficking. The traffickers use false promises as bait worldwide, which enables the sex traffickers to enslave their victims (Kempadoo et al, 2015). The victims include people living in marginalized areas subjected to typical political and economic poverty. Thus, the indigenous population lacks essential services such as education, making them vulnerable to sex trafficking. This paper seeks to explore the various causes of sex trafficking and the effects it has on the individuals and the countries involved in the trade worldwide.
The primary cause of sex trafficking is traffickers. However, the environmental conditions, poverty, immigration policy, fractured families, lack of education, and excellent job opportunities are the significant vulnerabilities that enable the traffickers worldwide to exploit their victims. The traffickers will obtain profit by forcing people to work as prostitutes is a considerable challenge (Weitzer, 2007 pg447-475). The significant difficulties in sex trafficking vary from one country to another. However, political conditions, war, social and cultural practices, and leaving nations with poverty to gain wealth are some of the conditions that and circumstances that enable sex traffickers o prey their victims.
First, many of the victims are in situations they want to escape, hence risking everything in their lives to escape poverty. This factor creates a chance for the traffickers to lure them and transport to another country by promising to offer stability and jobs during the recruitment process. On arrival to a new state, the traffickers take charge and hold the victims against their wills in places they did not want to make their dwelling (Sethi, 2007 pg 225-244). In other circumstances, parents sell their children intending to better their lives by offering more opportunities. Secondly, political instability, civil unrest, militarism, and generalized violence in a country increase the chances of trafficking occurring. This condition destabilizes and scatters the entire population in the country, increasing the chances of vulnerability amongst the people to abuse through forced labor and trafficking or unfair treatments.
Furthermore, a war involving armed conflicts in a country can lead to a massive displacement of people forcefully. Through war, many children lose their families, rendering them orphans, which create vulnerability in them. Also, the cultural and social practices in different societies differ as others tend to abuse, devalue, and exploit girls and women through creating a hazardous living condition (Baker et al, 2014 pg 208-226). The modest opportunities and value placed on these women, it creates vulnerability in them, which makes them the right target for sex trafficking. Thus, these significant factors in society have been witnessed in many countries, and eradicating the matter is difficult since the rot lies in the entire community.
Sex trafficking has an enormous impact on the mental and physical well-being of many women all over the world. Most of the women and men involved in sex trafficking end up participating in forced prostitution in the pornography industry. Thus, research shows that physical assault and sexual violence are the norms for all the women involved in the different types of prostitution (Kotiswaran, 2014 pg 353). Furthermore, health problems include sleeplessness, a frequent illness caused by viruses, vaginal infections, stomach aches, STDs, depression, eating disorders, and backaches. Mood disorders such as depression and dissociation and post-traumatic stress are consequences of prostitution.
Furthermore, research has also revealed that women that have been inducted into the world of prostitution have a high risk of being murdered. In other cases, victims are tortured and subjected to psychological and physical illnesses and injuries, respectively. Stockholm syndrome is another mental disorder common among the victims of sex trafficking. This syndrome refers to the traumatic bonding where the victims experience difficulty in leaving the abuser. The victims use this syndrome as a survival mechanism in the process, attaching them to their abuser. Furthermore, the victims become paranoid about leaving their abusers with the fear of being killed or physically harmed (Bonthuys et al, 2012 pg 11-29). Also, other victims attach to their abuse for a sense of security, clothes, food, and shelter. Others display the act done by their abusers as receptive by demeaning their behavior by considering the worst situation they could have been subjected to and evaded.
In conclusion, sex trafficking is a menace that has profoundly affected women and children mainly across the world. The efforts to eradicate it has been fateful with traffickers forming new ways of trapping and transporting their victims.
Works Cited
Baker, Carrie N. “An intersectional analysis of sex trafficking films.” Meridians 12.1 (2014): 208-226.
Bonthuys, Elsje. “The 2010 football world cup and the regulation of sex work in South Africa.” Journal of Southern African Studies 38.1 (2012): 11-29.
Kempadoo, Kamala, Jyoti Sanghera, and Bandana Pattanaik. Trafficking and prostitution reconsidered: New perspectives on migration, sex work, and human rights. Routledge, 2015.
Kotiswaran, Prabha. “Beyond Sexual Humanitarianism: A Postcolonial Approach to Anti-Trafficking Law.” UC Irvine L. Rev. 4 (2014): 353.
Sethi, Anupriya. “Domestic sex trafficking of Aboriginal girls in Canada: Issues and implications.” First Peoples Child & Family Review 14.1 (2007): 225-244.
Weitzer, Ronald. “The social construction of sex trafficking: Ideology and institutionalization of a moral crusade.” Politics & Society 35.3 (2007): 447-475.
Motherly Love
Jada Miller
Professor Hulsey
American Literature
04 April 2022
Motherly Love
A mother smothers love for her child is an unconditional word that cannot express the amount of pain and sacrifices a single mother makes for her family. During the early 1900s, African Americans struggled every day to live. African Americans lived under a white man and were forced to work every day for a small amount. A black woman was continuously raped, abused, abducted from family, and constantly treated like scum on a shoe. The story “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker isolates many issues women had during this dark time frame. The ongoing battle African Americans faced daily contributed to the primary goal of seeking change within society. If change was not appearing, hatred began to build within one another, leading many African Americans to turn on friends and family. In the story “Everyday Use”, the reader witnesses a mother struggling to build a relationship with her very stubborn daughter. The narrator’s unconditional love for her daughter in the story “Everyday Use” helps demonstrate how hard single mothers worked for their families CITATION STK13 l 1033 (S.).
Growing up during racial segregation created fear and anger within the black community. Many African Americans were in disbelief that their skin colour was the reason behind the whites’ inhumane behavior. African Americans suffered daily and were left traumatized for the rest of their lives. Nearly impossible for black people to support themselves because they did not have any rights at this time. The only thing they had was a slave number that was confidential to the enslaver if they were interested in selling their slaves. Growing up, black children did not understand why they were mistreated—experiencing white children inexpensive clothing and shoes while they had to wear rags and shoes with holes and splinters inside of them. African Americans desired the life of a white family. They only dreamed about owning their own house and being able to provide for their family without having any problems. The narrator in the story “Everyday Use” did everything to create a better life for her children. She worked all day to have enough money for her kids to attend school and have an education. In the story, she states, “I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing”. She was a hard-working woman dedicated to making a change for her family. The journal article helps provide essential information on the mental state of a black woman. Studies show that all the heartache and pain black women receive due to the harsh environments they were brought into made them stronger and motivated them to strive for a better life. Through all the obstacles the narrator experienced, such as losing a house that she worked hard for due to a fire, she remained positive and overcame everything that came her way. The short story helps educate readers that African Americans did not have any handouts in life, and everything they had was worked hard for. Throughout the year, black women have proven that they are compatible with being successful in society and have gained the respect that they deserve CITATION Cow96 l 1033 (Cowart).
Relationships between black families were not always perfect. Despite the many challenges they faced with one another, many families slowly grew apart. Perhaps in the story “Everyday Use”, the narrator’s daughter was eager for a change. Dee was an intelligent young lady, and her physical appearance was nothing to be ashamed of. She manifested in gold and glory all her life and did not want to continue to live the way she did. As she grew older, she began to teach herself how to fit in with the rich properly. Shortly, she realized that her mother and sister were content in their way of living, and she began to disown her own family. She was very disrespectful towards her mother and sister. Through all of Dee’s aggressive episodes, her mother was baffled about why her daughter acted this way. The mother said, “Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort”—imagining how life would be if she could positively reunite with her daughter and go back to how their relationship used to be. The journal article reinstates how a mother and daughter relationship can be a hassle, and there would be a phase when a daughter and the mother do not speak for months at a time CITATION von96 l 1033 (von Ammon).
Due to all the trauma Dee faced at a young age; she is permanently scarred. She always faced adversity from society and racial slurs from opinionated people during her childhood. Dee was eager for a change because she did not want to relive her past life. The journal article defines mental health and coping mechanisms. The article states that many people tend to run away from their problems and create a new life for themselves. So they do not have to worry about any issues they had in their past lives. While the narrator anxiously wanted her daughter back, Dee created a new life for herself, so she could not go through the same pain she did as a child CITATION Moo16 l 1033 (Moore).
An average black family did not have much to live off of. They worked with the little they had and somewhat of the knowledge they received. African Americans lives were a bit easier because of the lessons their ancestors taught them. Their ancestors taught them how to cook, clean, make clothing, and cure many illnesses. In the story “Everyday Use”, the narrator was on a strict budget, so her family would be well cared for. Instead of building expensive bedding and blankets, the women would make quilts out of cheap fabric. Even though the fabric was cheap, the quilts were beautiful and much appreciated by the families. The narrator had many quilts, each with a different meaning behind them. Making quilts for the family was a part of the culture and was non-replaceable. Making quilts for your family to stay warm at night took many weeks to receive the final product. The quilts held so much importance within families that they could lead to a disagreement. The story quotes, “She held the quilts securely in her arms stroking them”. They were begging the narrator for the quilt because of its meaning. Dee’s quilt was begging for was made by her grandma, who passed away. Journal articles help give the reader an idea of how deep the black culture is and how important certain items are. African American culture is profound and spiritual, even though some black families have experienced a rough patch. The family has always been important to the black community because during this time that is all they had was each other. In the short story, the author explains how hard a black mother works to make a way despite the circumstance. In the story, the quilt symbolizes determination, love, and willingness to grind so that she and her children can be comfortable with life CITATION Whi00 l 1033 (Whitsitt).
The story “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker gives the reader an intake of real-life struggles African Americans had to face. Society was against them because of their skin colour. They also had problems in their personal life. No matter how hard life got and how bad the narrator was treated by her kids, she never gave up. She never stopped loving and caring for her child, even though Dee did not appreciate her mother’s sacrifices. The narrator never asked for pity through all the trials and tribulations; all she wanted was to understand why people acted the way they did towards her and her people. This story is very significant to the black community because many do not indeed go into detail on the life of an African American woman. Black women are very powerful; they are the queens of society and deserve all the respect they receive CITATION Val21 l 1033 (Valdez).
References
BIBLIOGRAPHY Cowart, D. ” Heritage and deracination in walker’s “everyday use, .” Studies in Short Fiction (1996): 171-184. print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/heritage-deracination-walkers-everyday-use/docview/195681019/se-2?accountid=12808
Moore, J. R. V. “African american quilting and the art of being human: Theological aesthetics and womanist theological anthropology.” Anglican Theological Review, (2016): 457-478. print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/african-american-quilting-art-being-human/docview/1809013759/se-2?accountid=12808
S., T.K. “Womanism in the select works of alice walker (Order No. 27732536).” Available from ProQuest One Literature (2013). http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/womanism-select-works-alice-walker/docview/2345931375/se-2?accountid=12808 http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/scribbling-women-race-gender-womanhood-nineteenth/docview/2572576777/se-2?accountid=12808
Valdez, J. (). “Scribbling women? race, gender, and womanhood in nineteenth-century american Women’s literature.” (2021). http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/scribbling-women-race-gender-womanhood-nineteenth/docview/2572576777/se-2?accountid=12808
von Ammon, J. L. “A selection of alice walker’s women:.” Ancestry, community, and the spirit (1996). print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/selection-alice-walkers-women-ancestry-community/docview/304300613/se-2?accountid=12808
Whitsitt, S. “In spite of it all:.” A reading of alice walker’s “everyday use”.African American Review (2000): 443-459. print . http://ezproxy.nmjc.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/spite-all-reading-alice-walkers-everyday-use/docview/209803042/se-2?accountid=12808
Adolescents who commit crimes should not be treated the same as adult offenders
A man’s perspective
Adolescents who commit crimes should not be treated the same as adult offenders. This is because the maturity level of the two groups of people is different. Adults are more mature than adolescents and thus understand the consequence of their actions. Moreover, a teenage brain is not well developed like that of an adult. The absence of proper development of the adolescents brains, increases the likelihood of them committing crimes is very high. Since they have not developed well, sentencing them to adult prisons is likely to make them violent rather than deter them. If a teenager commits a crime, they should be rehabilitated to make them learn the evil associated with crime and how best to avoid it. Mental functions adolescent have been proven scientifically through the use of multiple testing like the MRI. The results of these tests have shown that teens have completely very different reactions to reason in stressful as well as fearful circumstances. Even though they are capable of doing the same crimes just like adults, underdevelopment of the an organ called amygdala in the brain causes teens to act more based on impulse and their reactions are through emotion rather than based on good reasoning. This therefore means that kids should have a separate court from that of adult offenders.
The treatment of the adolescent and adult offenders should not be the same even after considering the magnitude of the offence in question. This is because regardless of the magnitude of the crime, the circumstances present in the mind of an adolescent is the same regardless the nature of the crime he is engaging in. It would be very unreasonable to separate the crimes into two groups to either treat them as adults or not. What should be considered is the type of sentence that could be imposed in different circumstances.
A woman’s perspective
We should ask ourselves why kids below 14 and 15 years are not allowed to take alcohol, drive, and smoke, watch pornography, participate in voting, as well as enter into sexual relationship. Such kids cannot also enter into contracts that are legally binding. The reason for this state of affairs is that they dot glimpse the consequences of their actions and that they cannot be able to handle decisions just as well as an adult would do. If then we insist on treating them as adults, we should remove the above restriction as it is the only logical step to undertake. Adolescent brain is particularly very complicated to be understood. This means that a child’s prefrontal lobe is not fully developed until the child reaches early adult hood. This part of the brain coordinates the ability of a person to reason as well as be able to weigh the consequences of their decisions. This part also delays the gratification to make careful choices short-term as well as long-term ones. Children as compared to adults are less blameworthy. This is obvious especially in adolescence stage. In their bid to struggle with their immaturity as well as their decision-making ability which is undeveloped, impulsivity, absence of future orientation and likelihood of being caught in bad peer pressure, they are likely to make irrational decisions. These circumstances should therefore serve as mitigating factors for adolescents. It is true that children can differentiate right and wrong. However, they often opt for the wrong because of not considering the consequences that are bound to occur. This is because Children do not have the ability to appreciate fully the consequences of their action in the long run. This explains why teenagers engage in risky behaviors.
However, adolescent offenders should be treated as adults if they commit violent crimes. This is because these are crimes of big magnitude. For such big crimes, there should be put in place a system of hearing the case and to then make a as to whether they should be tried as adults or teenagers. The decision should be me after considering the basis of their intent. Crimes like murder rape as well as domestic violence should be treated the same for all offenders regardless of whether they are children or adults. Lesser degree crimes like theft should be tried in juvenile courts. For someone to form intent to kill someone it means they are fully aware of what they are doing and the kind of harm they are occasioning to the victim.
Reference
Kail, R. V. Cavanaugh, J. C. (2008). Human Development: A Life-Span View. Malden. M. A. United States. Cengage Learning;