Recent orders
Is the American media biased
Political Science
Name
Professor
Institution
Course
Date
Is the American media biased?
There is always a lot of controversy when it involves matters related to the media. Often, people claim that the media is biased, especially on matters that are of a political nature. Recently, attention has been given to matters on health in the United States. Two of the top American daily newspapers have focused their attention on the health issue, which has been extremely politicized. They have provided news concerning the effect of the federal power due to the new law on health.
This paper seeks to give an analysis on whether there is truth concerning the American media being biased.
Analysis of the American media and how it highlights the Health care Law
According to an article in the New York Times, American citizens are being forced by the federal government to purchase health insurance. It means that the government has a lot of power, which is being enforced on the American citizens. Criticism seems to surround the latest initiative on health care signed by President Barrack Obama. In turn, there have been numerous cases and the president’s lawyers want to find a solution to this problem. The signature provided by President Obama on the initiative on health care is being challenged. The main issue here is that when the law was being enacted, the constitutional authority that exists was over stepped. This is the reason why congress is being challenged and the issue being taken to court in order to solve this matter.
Many conclusions have been made concerning this matter, and most especially by the countries lower courts. It seems that there is a need to have the law upheld as the government has misused its power. According to the Laurence Silberman a judge, he chose to have the law upheld. He made his sentiments heard while at the Columbia Circuit District, also at the country’s court of appeals. He believes that a line needs to be drawn to ensure that congress knows its limits. Furthermore, uniqueness is an aspect of the market of health care, thus, it would not be possible to evade matters on the constitution. The Supreme Court does not seem likely to rule in favor of the law on health care. Also, it will not be influenced by the existing precedents as well as its implications. The article shows that the law on health care is a barrier to individual liberty attainment. People cannot be forced to purchase items that they do not need or cannot afford. This article in the New York Times is in support of the law on health care passed by congress. I concluded this because the article gives many examples and scenarios whereby, the congress has a mandate over the citizens.
On the other hand, the Los Angeles Times also has an article regarding the law on health care. The title of the article focuses on health care, which is termed as being buoyed. It does not seem to approve the fact that the Supreme Court might make a ruling in favor of the law on health care. This is because some of the supreme courts judges who are prominent and conservative are in its favor. For almost two years, there has been a lot of controversy regarding this issue on health care. There were twelve judges in this case and three of them disapproved of this law as imposing health insurance to all Americans as being unconstitutional. Only some aspects of the law need to changed in order to make it befitting to the nation, and this is especially in republican states and Florida as well. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act will be challenged in Florida and is described as a broad and large case. The article deems that the case was handled in a democratic and judicial conservative manner. This is opposed to a radical and libertarian manner that would be more favorable.
Conclusion
In conclusion, there are different aspects of the case provided by the articles in the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. The latter does not provide in depth information regarding this matter on the law of health care. It does not provide the individual preferences of the judges in this delicate issue. The media, which are from different newspapers, have varying opinions. They are biased because they intend to target different populations mainly the Republicans and the Democrats. The readers of the two articles will be significantly impacted by the information that they will read. Depending on the reader’s political affiliations, they will tend to disapprove or approve on this matter. Democrats will be happy after reading the New York Times article and Republicans will concur with the other article. This shows how the American media is extremely biased and mostly in matters that are political. This is because they seek to increase their customer base depending on the political party they support. More regulations should be passed by congress in order to dictate the information given by the media to the public.
References
Liptak, Adam. (2011). Health Law puts focus on Limits of Federal Power. Retrieved from the
New York Times.
Levey, Noam. & Savage, David. (2011). A buoyed healthcare Law reaches Supreme Court. Retrieved from the Los Angeles Times.
Hofstadter, Richard. The Paranoid Style in American Politics: And other Essays. New York: Harvard University Press.
Interrelationship between politics, policy, and government
Political Science
Author
Institution
Introduction
1. Interrelationship between politics, policy, and government
The term government is used to underline the institutions involved in the making of authoritative public policies on behalf of the entire society. Politics is an ambiguous term that, according to Harold Lasswell, may be defined as “who gets what, when and how” (Caramani, 2008). In this case, it encompasses the mechanisms through which decisions pertaining to the allocation of resources to individuals are made. Policies, on the other hand, refer to the rules, guidelines or frameworks that guide the execution of decisions and the achievement of rational outcomes. The three terms are interrelated as politics determine the actions of the government, while policies determine the frameworks through which the government would attain laid out outcomes (Caramani, 2008). The government, therefore, is guided by politics in determining the resources and their required distribution criteria, while the execution of the political decisions is guided by the policies.
2. Fundamental rights.
One of the rights that are considered fundamental by the Supreme Court is the Right to freedom of speech. While there are varied fundamental rights, the government may restrict them in instances where their exercising put the common good in harm’s way. For example, freedom of expression is restricted in instances where it conflicts with other rights and values. This may, for example, be in instances where it involves child pornography (Tushnet, 2008).
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages for cities to incorporate?
One of the key advantages for the incorporation of cities is in the enhanced speed of addressing issues pertaining to an area. In fact, the incorporation of most cities is founded on discontent with the level of interest shown in a particular area. The incorporation allows for issues to be quickly addressed as there would be a body solely charged with safeguarding the welfare of the city.
However, the incorporation comes with a downside for the dwellers. This is especially with regard to an increase in the taxes. The incorporated cities would be dependent on franchise fees, proceeds from half-cent sales tax, taxes on utilities, as well as the shared dollars from state revenue. These taxes would have to be shouldered by the residents and business people of the cities.
4. Judiciary as the least dangerous branch of the government.
The framers of the constitution believed that the Judiciary made the least dangerous branch of the government as its nature and functions had the least capacity to injure or annoy the constitution’s rights. Their belief was undoubtedly correct as the judiciary did not have some powers that the legislature and the executive had. For example, the legislature controlled the purse and made rules by which every citizen had to adhere. The executive, on its part, held the community’s sword and dispensed the honors. The judiciary, on the other hand, did not have any influence on the purse or the sword, and could not have any direction pertaining to the wealth or strength of the society. This means that it cannot execute any active resolution, unlike its other branches as it only makes judgments while ultimately depending on the other branches.
LONG ANSWER
1.
The entire constitution does not underline the right to privacy. However, the right to privacy has its origin in the Bill of Rights, which reflects James Madison’s and other framers’ concerns pertaining to the protection of certain elements of privacy (Tushnet, 2008). Varied constitutional amendments underlined the right to privacy including the 1st amendment (privacy of beliefs), 3rd amendment (a home’s privacy against demands for use in housing soldiers), 4th amendment (protecting individuals against unreasonable searches), and the 5th amendment (protecting the privacy of personal information).
The right has also been espoused in case laws such as the Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 (1965), where the Supreme Court stated that the rule that forbid the use of contraception among married couples was a violation of marital privacy rights enshrined in the bill of rights (Tushnet, 2008).
While the Supreme Court may have made considerable definitions of the right of privacy, I do not think it has gone too far. This is because there is an element of ambiguity as to whether it is guaranteed alongside other rights (Tushnet, 2008). In essence, it is imperative that the Supreme Court make all efforts to define the boundaries pertaining to the Right of privacy.
2. Commerce Clause and The Necessary and Proper Clause
The Commerce Clause outlines the principal powers of the federal government. It gave the United States Congress the power to regulate the country’s commercial undertakings with foreign nations, among the varied states, as well as with the Indian tribes. The clause had significant effects on the powers of the congress with regard to commerce. These powers have been varying in line with the dynamics of the time. Nevertheless, the clause gave the Congress power to have jurisdiction over varied aspects pertaining to interstate and intrastate commerce and non-commerce.
The Necessary or Proper clause gave the Congress the power to make laws that it deemed proper and necessary for the execution of the foregoing powers, as well as other powers that had been vested on the government, or any Officer or department thereof. These two clauses acknowledged the problem that came with the deficiency of federal commerce power according to the Articles of confederation.
These two clauses have often been paired so as to offer a constitutional foundation for varied federal laws. A number of reforms incorporated in the New Deal have been found necessary and proper enactments for the purpose of controlling interstate commerce. In addition, not only have the clauses been paired to uphold federal laws that have any effect on economic activity but also to justify criminal laws pertaining to the federal government.
The Congress used the Necessary and Proper clause in the Federal Kidnapping Act, where it made the transportation of a kidnapped individual across state lines a federal crime as it would amount to an interstate activity. On the same note, the clause justified varied criminal laws pertaining to interfering with the rightful operation of the federal government such as federal laws against the murder or assault of federal employees (Tushnet, 2008). In addition, the Commerce Clause has for more than two centuries been invoked in solidifying fundamental federal responsibilities including corporate entities regulation, road construction, as well as illegality of child labor (Tushnet, 2008).
As much as the clauses may be seen as giving the congress the powers to “overstep” its mandate, I believe that the congress should have such powers. This is because there are numerous gaps in the interpretation of the constitution, which can only be closed by the dynamism that the pair offers especially with regard to commerce and the powers of states.
References
Tushnet, M (2008). I dissent: Great Opposing Opinions in Landmark Supreme Court Cases. Boston: Beacon Press.
Caramani, D. (2008). Comparative politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
orgin of the Earth
Origin of the Earth
Student’s Name
Institution
Origin of the Earth
The solar system is made up of several components, which mainly include different types of moons and as well as planets such as Neptune, Uranus, Jupiter, and the earth. According to researchers, the earth is estimated to be about 4.54 billion years (Shamanin, Bedenko, & Gubaydulin, 2015). The origin of the earth has been the subject of intense research and analysis, which has led to different theories and explanations, such as Edwin Hobble’s hypothesis as well as Emanuel Kant’s nebular hypothesis.
Geology plays a significant role in explaining the formation of the other. Geology helps to differentiate myths from facts by studying different components of materials such as rocks found on the earth’s surface. Through the analysis of materials found on the earth, they can explain the age of the earth as well as the processes which led to its formation. Over time, the different technological advancements have led to the improvement of the understanding of the earth by the geologists. Technological advancements have enabled them t improve on earlier studies and theories on the formation of the earth. One of the most solid explanations which help to outline the origin of the earth is evolution. One of the most influential persons who has made significant contributions in understanding the origin of the earth was Edwin Hubble. Hubble was an American astronomer who made significant findings of the earth as well as other components of the solar system in the 1920s (Dyson,2014). Hubble discovered that the galaxies, as well as different stars, were moving away from the earth in different directions. He also observed that the movement was characterized by increasing velocities. The discoveries made by Hobble were an indication that the universe was continually expanding.
Hobble’s findings were instrumental in the development of a different hypothesis. One of the hypotheses made from the findings was that at one point, the universe was in a condensed form. The deductions made from Hubble’s discovery also led to the suggestion that the energy and matter observed in the universe were formerly in the way of a condensed and minimal mass, which was in high temperatures. As a result, a huge explosion occurred. The explosion was known as the Big Bang. The explosion led to the explosion of energy and matter in different directions. Various researchers and geologists have since adopted the Big Bang hypothesis. Scientists assert that the expansion of the universe, which was caused by the Big Bang led to the led to the formation of clouds. The clouds then rotated and condensed and formed different galaxies, including the Milky Way galaxy. Stars were formed as a result of nuclear reactions, which occurred as a result of the compression of the material in the cloud. The sun was among the stars that were formed in the process. The formation of the sun occurred at the center of the flattened spinning disk of material. The dust which was founded in the spinning disked collided with each other and subsequently led to the formation of small grains, which ultimately joined to form large bodies that were known as planetesimals. The planetesimals differed in sizes, with some being large were others were small. Eventually, the planetesimals consolidated to form nine planets as well as their satellites. The earth was one of the gaseous and rocky planets which were formed as a result of the coalescing of the planetesimals.
The nebular hypothesis offers an alternative explanation from that offered by EdwinHobble on the formation of the earth. Immanuel Kant developed the nebular hypothesis. Kant’s development of the theory was an improvement that was made from earlier work on the same by a Swedish scientist known as Emanuel Swedenborg (Losch, 2016). The nebular hypothesis is also one of the most widely accepted hypotheses on the formation of the earth as well as the solar system by scientists across the globe. The nebular hypothesis explains the origin of the earth by offering a broader view of the formation of the solar system, which includes the sun, other planets, and other subjects in the solar system.
According to the nebular hypothesis, the earth, the sun, and other planets found in the solar system were originally in the form of giant molecular dust and gas. However, approximately 4.57 billion years ago, the giant molecular was distorted, and it began to collapse (Perryman, 2011). The collapse of the giant molecular was due to the impact of shocks waves that could have come from a supernova or the effects of a passing star. The collapsed gas particles then moved to denser regions where they collect together. The increase in the amount off particles in the denser regions lead to the conservation of momentum, which eventually led to the rotation, which was characterized by increased heat and pressure. A huge number of the materials formed a huge ball in the middle while the other material led formed disk, which circled the materials at the center. The material in the middle led to the formation of the sun while the material formed the protoplanetary disc.
The increase in the material at the disc surrounding the sun led to the formation of larger bodies, which were known as the planets. The high pressure and temperature found near the sun, the only materials which could exist near the sun, were only silicates and metals in a solid-state. The silicates and metals eventually led to the formation of the terrestrial planets, which include planets such as the earth, mars, venus, and mercury (Righter, & O’brien, 2011). On the other hand, larger planets, which included Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter, were formed away from the sun in places where the cooler temperatures allowed for the volatile icy compounds to form larger solids.
Materials accumulated on the earth’s surface without particular order. The earth’s surface was originally molten due to the effects of the gravitational collapse, radioactive heating as well as high temperatures. As a result, the light liquids remained on top of the earth’s surface, while the denser liquids slid into the inside of the earth’s surface. Earth was eventually formed as a result of intrusive and volcanic activity. The early form of the earth then cooled through convection. Oceans and other water bodies were formed as a result of the cooling of the water’s favor found on the earth’s surface.
Conclusion
The origin of the earth often draws increased attention from researchers and scientists alike. Technology has enabled the improvement in understanding of the origin of the other over the years. Edwin Hobbles’ discovery on the stars moving away from the earth laid a key foundation on theories that helped to explain the formation of the earth. Hobble’s hypothesis was used as a major part of the Big Bang theory, which helped to explain the formation of the earth. Emmanuel Kant’s nebular hypothesis further helped to provide an explanation that helped to reveal the formation of the earth.
References
Dyson, M. J. (2014). Space and astronomy: Decade by decade. Infobase Publishing.
Losch, A. (2016). Kant’s wager. Kant’s strong belief in extra-terrestrial life, the history of this question, and its challenge for theology today. International journal of astrobiology, 15(4), 261-270.
Perryman, M. (2011). The Origin of the Solar System. arXiv preprint arXiv:1111.1286.
Righter, K., & O’brien, D. P. (2011). Terrestrial planet formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(48), 19165-19170.
Shamanin, I., Bedenko, S., & Gubaydulin, I. (2015). Advantages of Thorium Nuclear Fuel for Thermal-Neutron Reactors. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 1084, pp. 275-279). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.