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Cause and effects of drug addiction
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Cause and effects of drug addiction
Drug addiction is a serious disease that has to be treated with the utmost seriousness. Most addicts do not intentionally start out using drugs with the aim to get addicted. It is quite difficult for a person who is not an addict to understand why someone would expose themselves to such risks that come with the abuse of drugs and other substances. There are many reasons that lead to the use and subsequent addiction, and each case of drug addiction should be viewed uniquely. There are, however, many general causes of drug use and the effects of addiction can be debilitating and life-changing.
The most common and apparent reason as to why a person begins to take drugs is to remedy or mask any pain that they may be feeling (Wise & George 254). This pain has an underlying cause which can be any number of things such as chronic medical conditions. Suffering from a medical condition that causes acute pain over a long period causes the patient to be addicted to the medication that relieves their pain. After some time, they find that they are dependent and can no longer function without the drugs in their system.
Mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety can also lead to the prescription of drugs to manage the condition (Corrigan et al 147). If not well maintained, the patient can end up becoming hooked to the drugs. Cases of trauma and abuse that need the prescription of drugs can lead to addiction. Other factors such as problems in relationships with others, the loss of a loved one can elevate the stress levels that an individual suffers from, and they can resort to drugs to alleviate the pain. Poverty and low self-esteem are common reasons why people begin taking drugs as a way to escape their reality.
While taking drugs during the early times, the addict may think that they are in control and can stop at any time. This, however, changes as the drug use progresses and they find that they can no longer control it. The reason for this is that the brain tends to reward pleasurable experiences and taking drugs becomes one of such experiences (Volkow et al 367). An addict is hooked on the drug because of the high it gives them. Some factors that predispose one to become an addict include genetics, the environment, and the age at which one begins to take drugs.
There are many devastating effects that are brought about by drug addiction. Drug abuse often interferes with almost all the major organs of the body. The first effect is that it damages the immune system of the addicts, increasing their risk of infections. Drug addicts often suffer from diseases at any given time. The liver is the organ that detoxifies the body, and the more drugs are taken, the more the liver has to work to get rid of the excess drugs. Over time, the liver is overworked, and this leads to liver failure. Brain damage is another serious effect of taking drugs and can interfere with the decision-making capacity of the addict as well as causing attention and memory problems. Cardiovascular conditions, nausea, and abdominal pains are also caused by drug addiction.
Drug addiction also affects the emotional and social wellbeing of the addict regarding the loss of employment, financial problems, engaging in risky sexual behavior and incarceration due to crimes. Drug addiction needs to be adequately dealt with regarding diagnosis and treatment to avoid or lessen the long-term effects that come with the disease.
Works Cited
Corrigan, Patrick W., Sachiko A. Kuwabara, and John O’Shaughnessy. “The public stigma of mental illness and drug addiction: Findings from a stratified random sample.” Journal of social Work 9.2 (2009): 139-147.
Nestler, Eric J. “Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction.” Neuropharmacology 76 (2014): 259-268.
Volkow, Nora D., George F. Koob, and A. Thomas McLellan. “Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model of addiction.” New England Journal of Medicine 374.4 (2016): 363-371.
Wise, Roy A., and George F. Koob. “The development and maintenance of drug addiction.” Neuropsychopharmacology39.2 (2014): 254.
Adolescence Through the Lens of the Hate Your Give
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Adolescence Through the Lens of the Hate Your Give
The Hate You Give (2018) follows a conflicted young black girl, Starr, which struggles t find her voice. Starr witnesses two of her friends get murdered by white police right before her eyes. Her father has always trained Starr and her two brothers about what to do whenever police officers stop them. Throughout, he has taught them to keep safe, know their rights, and find their voice to speak for the rights of people of color. After Starr witnesses her best friend getting shot at and his father getting harassed, she finds her voice, embraces her blackness and speaks up against racial profiling and police brutality. This film is ideal as it touches on bringing out the experiences adolescents grapple with within their day-to-day lives. This text discusses concepts and processes including adolescents’ relationships with family, romantic relationships, peers and friendships, drug abuse, the role of social media and smartphones and school as a context for development.
One of the main concepts that the film, The Hate You Give (2018) presents is the role of family in adolescents during this stage. It is evident that Star and her two brothers, Seven and Sekani, are deeply grounded in family. As the film starts, their father gives them the talk and tells them how to stay out of trouble. It is known that teenagers tend to be unruly, but this is not the case for Starr. She is painted in the film as an obedient adolescent with a perfect relationship with both of her parents. As regards peers and friendships, Star seems to maintain relationships with the people close to them. She shares a great relationship with Khalil, her childhood best friend, and shares a great relationship with her two white friends, Hailey and Maya. This is consistent with class readings as its evident adolescents tend to form groupings based on their interests and upbringing. Starr has a white boyfriend with whom they both attend Williamson Preparatory together. This is consistent with the class readings as they show that this is the point when adolescents start getting attracted to their opposite sex. Although Star and Chris are in a relationship, Starr is conflicted about getting intimate with Chris and wants to take things slow.
Another concept that comes out clearly in the movie has to do with drug abuse. When a police officer kills Khalil, Starr starts getting death threats so that she cannot speak up. She was the only witness to the murder, but she was afraid to speak out because Khalil worked for the estate kingpin. The kingpin did not want the police to know about his dirty deals with Khalil. This is consistent with the readings because it reflects how young people get caught up in street life of gun violence and selling drugs. Another concept that comes out is school as a context or development. Starr does not attend regular high school, but instead, their parents take them to a predominantly white school in a safer neighborhood. The parents know the schools role in pushing students in the right direction. They want the best for their children, so they take them there. This is consistent with the readings because adolescents must grow through necessary training that prepares them for their future lives. As regards social media, Starr being the main witness to Khalil’s murder, she does not want people to know who she is because of the death threats that she receives. In her first interview, her face is blurred, but she finds her voice after she witnesses her father getting harassed. She joins the demonstrations and stands up to admit that she was the witness. This knowledge is consistent with readings. Social media is a powerful tool which they employ to condemn police brutality.
In closing, the film “The Hate You Give” sufficiently presents the ideas and experiences that adolescents go through in their day-to-day life. They have to juggle family relationships, friendships with peers and romantic relationships. Further, the film uses Starr to showcase issues of drug abuse, the role of social media, and the role of school in the context of a career and work.
most persuasive notion of exploitation
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So far, the most persuasive notion of exploitation ever set forth is that of Karl Marx. He thought that employees in an industrialist society are exploited insofar as they are forced to trade their toil power to entrepreneurs for fewer than the full worth of the merchandise they produce with their effort. From Marxist viewpoint, the bourgeoisie is the social class that happens to possess the ways of production during contemporary industrialization and whose social issues are the preservation of capital and the value of property to make sure the continuation of their monetary supremacy in society. Marx believed that no economic class—landowners, wage workers, etc. should have authority and control over another (Lapavitsas, 2017). He supposed that each person has a responsibility to offer what they can, and every individual should obtain what they require.
Exploitation can lead to self-destruction when an individual is degraded. They are found in a path of damaging and unsustainable growth. They include dislocation from automation, extreme wealth and social inequality, losing of job, and the existential danger posed by the environmental calamity. I agree with Marx’s arguments since exploitation is not good in a way that it can cause short-termism, inequality, excess materialism, market failure, and bust economic cycles.
Mary Wollstonecraft is one of the outspoken female philosophers who consider that both women and men were made equal; hence they have to be given the opportunity to have the same rights. Her main objective was to see women get access to parts of society mostly forbidden to them in the 18th century. If she was but, in the position, to remark about “only menfolk having to register for certain services,” I think she would be tough and furious. Her work was mainly concerned about woman’s rights. She urged majorly for the rights and privileges of women to be educated. Mary Wollstonecraft believed that emancipation would come through learning. I think that she would say that the notion of just menfolk being permitted to register for the selective provision was completely absurd. She is actually certain that if women were taught in all the sectors that men are taught, then they won’t have any more desire towards the equivalent kinds of stuff that men have a desire towards. Mary Wollstonecraft deliberates that since women are not as well-versed about the information that men are well-versed about, it makes an obstacle between women and men. On the other hand, she also reasons that if the females were more erudite in the equivalent areas that men were, then men and women would have good and improved sex lives.
Reference
Botting, E. H., & Zlioba, A. (2018). Religion and women’s rights: Susan Moller Okin, Mary Wollstonecraft, and the multiple feminist liberal traditions. History of European Ideas, 44(8), 1169-1188.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2018.1509227Lapavitsas, C. (2017). The banking school and the monetary thought of Karl Marx (pp. 51-72). Brill.https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004272712_004
Parnell, C. (2019). The relevance of Karl Marx.http://hdl.handle.net/10344/8334