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Evaluation strategies in assessing the success of the health education plan.
Evaluation strategies in assessing the success of the health education plan.
Presented By
Institution
Health education involves teaching people on the matters related to health and how to respond towards these matters. In order to achieve this, one needs to come up with a health education plan to help in the processes of identifying ways of providing good and quality health services to the people. To accomplish this there is a need to lay out the specific strategies on how to carry out the process. Professionals are mostly faced with many problems when it comes to the matters of health education due to different education and literacy levels among people in various communities. The health education plan should therefore focus on the giving out materials which the targeted group will be able to comprehend and therefore understand fully the context in them. There are various ways of presenting the education materials which include the written materials, these are the charts, drawings, or notes, and multimedia presentations which include, film and PowerPoint presentations. For a certain community or group to be able to learn about their health related problems a lot of factors are to be put in place , these include; social-economic factors, disabilities, education level, family related factors etc, and these factors will determine how the people will understand their health status and therefore solutions can be developed. In most cases members of the community lack cooperation, do not follow the medication instructions, missing appointments by the specialist and fear of facing the health care personnel is the key limiting issues facing the community members (Giger and Davidhizar, 1995). Here are the evaluation strategies which will be used to access the success of health education plan;
Formative strategies:
The researches will be conducted on the focus groups in order to determine which will be the appropriate modes of communications to use on the education materials. The means for this will include; online bulletin boards, videoconferences, and teleconferences where the survey will be carried out on which language and means of expression the people understand most. Another method will be combining the health education and the support from the patients so as to expand their relation with the specialists through establishing a committee which will combine with the community partners and those from the health centers to assist in coordinating the health education programmers. Community agency survey: The health specialists will carry out survey on the community which involves approaching individuals and questioning them on their health status, some of the questions may include, how often do you visit a health centre?, is there a disease that disturbs you or your family? Gender survey method: the survey will be carried out to people of different genders by different people. The aim will be to evaluate how people of different gender view the essence of seeking medical care and how the health specialists treat individual people depending on their gender. Use of questionnaires which involves visiting a group of people through either calling for a meeting or going in public gatherings and having out the questionnaires. The judgment will be based on the majority, and their views used in planning for the health education.
Summative strategies:
The experts who are the educationalists will work on what they have discovered to be the limiting factors and then come out with ways to implement them. The team will get into the field and establish whether the collected data is true. For example, if there is a language barrier between the victims and the health specialists, the plan should be focused on how to look for language specialists or interpreters to assist in the process. The diseases which most people complain of also should be noted so that the people can be advised on ways and means to protect themselves (Atkin and Coffey 2001).
References
Atkin, Black & Coffey, (2001), Summative and Formative Assessment, © Copyright 2011
Roehampton University.Giger, J., & Davidhizar, R. ,(1995). Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention,
(Second Edition). St. Louis: Mosby Yearbook, Inc.
Discuss E-Commerce Its Development and Future Perspectives
Discuss E-Commerce: Its Development and Future Perspectives
Essayist
Institutional Affiliation
Discuss E-Commerce: Its Development and Future Perspectives
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a type of a transaction where a buyers and a seller meet and perform all processes in business, online. It starts from a point where customers are attracted to products or services that sellers display online on their websites. Alternatively, the products and services are sometimes displayed on behalf of the sellers by affiliate market networks (Qin, 2007). E-commerce system is designed in a way that everything is computerized; thus, no customers’ attendants need to watch what a customer is doing. While in the website, the customers can make orders for the offers that have enticed them. In other words, e-commerce is a trading point with no cashiers, customers’ attendants, and security personnel, to ensure customers get proper services. For now, this system is just two decades old and there are expectations that it will surpass its current performance in years to come.
In 1995, e-commerce was adopted for the first time in the United State of America (USA). It was at that time that the USA government realized its potential in facilitating business activities and growing the economy. Ten years later, economic experts estimated that e-commerce had grown to a magnitude of a trillion US dollars (Mohapatra, 2012). As it stands now, e-commerce’s operations are eighty percent based in the USA and Europe because these two regions have effective website technologies and secure online payment systems available to most people there. For instance, it is easier for an American to buy an academic material online than purchasing a printed copy of the same from a bookshop (Mohapatra, 2012). This is because they attain the academic material in electronic form, which is easier to keep and carry around. Additionally, in e-commerce, money used in the transactions is in electronic form, thus, saving buyers from carrying bulky amounts of money with them. What they need is a loaded VISA card, MasterCard, or PayPal. The development of e-commerce has also reduced time that was previously being wasted in queues by customers in trade centers waiting for services. On the other hand, it has facilitated privacy to those who do not like being watched in public places buying stuffs. Therefore, e-commerce is no doubt a better system than the conventional system of trade.
Predicting the future of anything is never an easy task, but it has usually been done by looking at the past trends. In this case, the same applies to e-commerce. Considering facts, e-commerce was introduced in 1995 and within a span of ten years; it had achieved a growth of a trillion US dollars despite the fact that it was mostly being used in the USA (Qin, 2007). Fifteen years from the day of its introduction in the USA, it had spread to all other continents and its productivity had grown to more than three trillion US dollars (Mohapatra, 2012). Additionally, complimentary systems such as electronic payment systems have also grown massively and are now easily accessible than they were in the beginning. Analytically, e-commerce is going to conquer the business world in a few years time because it is boosted by technologies, which are also growing at faster rates.
In summary, e-commerce has developed beyond the expectations of many people. It started from the USA but now it has gone global and it is continuing to penetrate to more regions. Just like any common household commodity, it is predicted that in the future, e-commerce is going to be a common name. Other than that, e-commerce has truly moved to better heights and is still scaling higher.
References
Mohapatra, S. (2012). E-commerce Strategy: Text and Cases. New York: Springer.
Qin, Z. (2007). Introduction to E-Commerce. Berlin: Springer Berlin.
Current Affairs Of Japan
Current Affairs Of Japan
The prime minister in Japan has different powers from those of other countries. The prime minister in Japan has different roles from prime ministers in other parliamentary systems like Britain, France or Germany. The prime minister is the head of government of Japan. In Japan the prime minister ids not the president and not elected directly by the public. The prime minister is a member of the lower house of the Diet and is elected by the members of the party or even parties that are in control of the majority of the Diet. He is appointed by the emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among the members. The person appointed must thereafter enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives for him or her to remain in office. The prime minister is the head of cabinet and appoints and dismisses the ministers of state. For one to qualify to be a prime minister they must be a member of the house of Diet. This implies a minimum age of 25 and one to be a Japanese nationality y and a civilian. This means that anyone serving in the Japanese self-defense forces and any member of imperial Japanese navy and strongly connected to militarist
A prime minister is designated by both houses of the Diet; before they can start conducting any business for this purpose it is mandatory for everyone to conduct a ballot under the run-off system. Incase two houses choose different people then there is appointment of a joint committee whose function is to agree on a common candidate. Incase the two houses fail to agree within ten days the decision of the House of Representatives is taken as that of the Diet. In this case it can be said that the House of Representatives can ensure that they always appoint any prime minister they wish. Formal appointment follows from the office of the Emperor. Incase a motion of no confidence is adopted by the House of Representatives or a defeats a vote of confidence the prime minister is forced to resign unless the house of representatives is dissolved within ten days.
Mr.koizumi was seen as a remarkable thing as he survived for three terms. This feat has not been achieved since Yasuhiro Nakasone who was the prime minister between 1982 and 1987.Mr.Koizumi was famous for his laid back style and mane of bushy hair he presided over the Liberal Democratic Party with light effective touch until he stepped down remarkably. The baton was handed on to Shinzo Abe who lasted for just a year he was a thoughtful leader who failed to distinguish or impose him on the politics in Japan but was hampered by ill health in the office. The next one to take the hot seat was Yasuo Fukuda who claimed he would be unable to break the deadlock in the politics in Japan when he resigned just a couple of days short of a whole year in office (Ryall, 2011).The next person to be on the chopping board was Taro Aso who was a right-wing member of the LDP and went down in the political history as the party leader who lost the election more than sixty years of uninterrupted LDP rule in Japan. Hatoyoma was the one who won the momentous general election from the Democratic Party and he turned out as one loosely beholden to the back seat when compared to other politicians who had come previously and he managed only ten months in office he was one political star who fell very fast without considering that when had been elected with an overwhelming mandated and an initial support rate of 74%but this dwindled to 17% in his last week in power he did not make nay genuine stab at reforming and rebuilding the country throughout his ten months in when he paved way for Naoto Kan to take over. He was an honest and earnest man and has been able to bring out the changes that had envisaged due to the fractured nature of the political party that he oversaw normally. Therefore anyone who comes next has the mighty take of rebuilding the DPJ, fending off the opposition, getting the country’s economy back on track bringing the worst nuclear accident since Chemobyl under control and rebuilding areas devasted by March 11 natural disaster (Ryall, 2011).
Without considering the political hue of the prime ministers in Japan over the recent years they have one thing in common which is they do not stay in their office for along time. They have had not fewer than five prime ministers in the past six years. The reason might be the fact that the country has a powerful press who are hostile to prime ministers. For instance Naoto Kan has been criticized for lack of leadership. He has been described as hen-pecking to bureaucrats and the United States. He has also been ridiculed by the media as being timid to Ichiro Ozawa that is said by media to be self-righteous, corrupt, power hungry political operator. This prime ministers have been portrayed in such a manner by the media and this has resulted to negative image of the leaders in the people. This information by the Japan media of the prime ministers might not be accurate or trust worthy but they just seem too hostile to powerful politicians. They believe that they are not promoting democracy by they way they present any politician as arrogant and stupid. However this can not be blamed entirely on the Japanese media since powerful and hostile to politicians is nota monopoly after all other countries too have powerful Medias. But if the media was free from conformism then there would be no problem. The major problem about the Japanese media is the fact that they say same things the major daily newspapers are similar to each other on the attitude they have to politicians. They view politicians as either stupid, arrogant, corrupt, bureaucrats, elitish or selfish. It is also a peculiar fact that the Japanese media only report on what the government does and they completely ignore what the opposition parties are saying people read many articles about the government but nothing at all about the opposition parties. They always say that the government is stupid no matter what they do. The opinion polls always show that there is low support for the government.
The state of Japanese politics at the moment is that parties are splintering into factions, fluid alliances that often change on a whim and the influence of few people who broke powers and are the ones who pull strings behind the scenes. Therefore it is expected that anyone brave enough to take on the poisoned chalice of being the leader of the country will not make it past their first anniversary in the post. The biggest failure to the Japanese government has been for the parities to turn out a genuine statesman that is blessed with a common touch.
Another reason to consider when looking at why the prime ministers have a short term in office ids the fact that politicians in japans political centre Nagata-Cho have taken interest in opinion polls and are significantly responding to them that are currently being carried out more often than in the past media has been repeating the message that the cabinet approval rating are going towards danger zone if it drops below 30%.this public opinion polls have most likely encouraged the short tenures of the prime ministers, however the upper house elections have also set the stage for the changing prime ministers. In Japan, half of the upper house members are re-elected once every three years. This schedule differs from that of elections of Lower House members who hold terms of four years. This implies that national elections are usually held at least six times in twelve years even if the lower house is not dissolved. The separate voting days for both houses have an important implication in the political dynamics behind the change of prime ministers. Even if prime ministers earn the trust of citizens in the general elections they ultimately face public examination. For a prime minister to remain in power they have to overcome the challenge of the upper house elections considered to be more difficult then lower house elections. Therefore the party that is in power at that time has to ensure that they overcome this mid-election challenge. In Japan one does not have to be the prime minister for them to influence government policies. Some of the prime ministers were used as puppets (Hino, 2011).
The major political parties in Japan are Liberal Democratic Party that has been dominant for more than forty years. The party’s base has been conservative that ranges from pro-imperial rightists to bring big business groups despite its name. The LDP dominated the politics in Japan from 1955-1993 using a mix of pork-barrel politics and status quo policies that have protected the business interests, voters became disillusioned with the LDP due to the economic problems and the party filed to achieve a majority in the parliament in 1993.a multi-party coalition assumed control an diet was led by Morihiro Hosokawa.LDP returned to power in June 1994 n a coalition that was unpresidented.LDP then reclaimed the prime ministers seat as Ryutaro Hashimoto replaced his JSP coalition partner, Tomiivhi Murayama was not able to stimulate the economy of the country Hashimoto resigned after his party showed in the upper house elections in 1998.LDP then controlled 101 seats in the upper house and 263 seats in the lower house (The Washington Post Company,1998).
Democratic Party is another political party in Japan .it was founded in 1996 by members of the social democratic party and Shin-to Sakigake. This became the largest opposition group in the diet, japans bicameral legislature after the dissolution of the New Frontier party. In 1998 the party picked more members when they merged with three smaller parties++.its then leader Naoto Kan led them to a big win in the 1998 upper house elections.kan was the most popular politician at that time and led the fight to pull out of office LDP’s then prime minister Hashimoto. The views of the party progressive and centralistic that seek open markets, great deregulation and great tax cuts. This party now controls 47 seats in the upper house and 92 in the lower house (The Washington Post Company, 1998).
Social democratic party Is the main opposition party in Japan for decades now. Socialists took advantage of the way voters were dissatisfied with the liberal Democratic Party in early 1990 and formed part of the coalition government. The coalition was dissolved and the party entered into what was the most unexpected coalition with its arch rival LDP to stay in power. The socialist led government by prime minster Tomichii lasted 1994-1996 when LDP reclaimed the majority control in the coalition this party has traditionally relied on unions for its support has its popularity wane over the past few years. It now controls 13 seats in the upper house and 15 in the lower house.
The liberal party is a splinter party that came into existence after the breakup of the New Frontier party in 1997 that was led by the outspoken Ichiro Ozawa, this party took over the basic philosophies and policies.ozawa has been a proponent of real reforms for quite sometime now and has had an espousing the need for Japan to become a nation with regulations from the government and more participation in international affairs. This party now controls 12 seats in the upper house and 40 seats in the lower house.
The communist party is one of the oldest parties in Japan it was founded around 1922 as a group that was underground. This party has faced marginalization in eth politics of Japan for sometime. It has taken unpopular stances on issues like opposition of US Japan security alliance. This party was a chief beneficiary in of the vote of the upper house. Analysts argue that the reason was not so much since the Japanese are in favor for the communist style of governance but since the communist only represents the one party that is seemed to be organized and thoughtful about its policies. This party now controls 12 seats in the upper house and 26 seats in the lower house.
Heiwa Kaikaku was formed fro the breaking up of the New Frontier Party. Most of the members are from Komei to clean government party. They get their support from the enigmatic but huge religious group .the party tends to be centrist and generally independent continuing to enjoy the support of soka-gakkai that has members who are over 15 million. It controls 47 seats in the lower house. This party is sister to Komei that was formed as a political arm of the Soka-Gakkai a large religious organization. It controls 22 seats in the lower house (The Washington Post Company, 1998).
Sakigake was formed in 1993 by 10 parties that broke away from the lower house members.in the same year it joined the coalition government and was led by Monihiro Hosokawas New party that replaced LDP in the new government (The Washington Post Company, 1998).
References
The Washington Post Company. (1998). Major Political Parties in Japan. Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/japan/japanparties.htmThomson Reuters. (2012). A look at the parties contesting Japan’s Dec 16 election. Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://www.japantoday.com/category/politics/view/the-parties-contesting-japans-dec-16-electionJain, P. (2012.) .EastAsiaForum.‘Third force’ parties crowd Japan’s political scene. Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/12/06/third-force-parties-crowd-japans-national-political-scene/World press. (2010).Short-living Japanese prime ministers. Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://musasabi2010.wordpress.com/2010/12/21/shot-living-japanese-prime-ministers/Ryall, J. (2011). The Telegraph. Japanese prime ministers do not tend to stick around for long .Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8551931/Japanese-prime-ministers-do-not-tend-to-stick-around-for-long.htmlWorld press.(2011). Six Prime Ministers in 5 years – why Japanese Prime Ministers are so short-lived. Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://infocus.asiaportal.info/2011/09/06/six-prime-ministers-in-5-years-why-japanese-prime-ministers-are-so-short-lived/Hino, A.(2011).Daily Yomiuri online. Why do Prime Ministers Change before Upper House Elections? Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/adv/wol/dy/opinion/gover-eco_100705.htm