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Trace the Kansas Nebraska
Question 1: Trace the Kansas Nebraska
Before the Kansas Nebraska Act, America was ruled by a two gathering arrangement of the Democrats and the Whigs, with outsiders have practically zero achievement. Be that as it may, after the crumbling of the Whig party because of the Kansas Nebraska Act, various outsiders tried to harden their position. The Know Nothing gathering encountered a short surge from 1853 to 1855, the sectional clashes prompted the death of the Know Nothing Party too. Then again, 1856 saw the surge of the Republican Party as they figured out how to win both greater parts in Congress and the Presidency race of 1860.
Political
After the extension of American region through the Mexican American War, Gadsen Purchase, and so forth. The issue of subjection turned into a national open deliberation. Northern abolitionists needed to abrogate subjection when all is said in done, yet the general estimation in all northerners saw subjugation as corrupt and needed to stop the extension of servitude into the new domains. In the Wilmot Proviso, Wilmot stipulated that servitude be denied in the new domains, however the southerners saw this as a conscious assault on their lifestyle as well as their political power too. The Republicans had the capacity procure the votes of northerners through their abolitionism assumption and Bleeding Sumner, in which Republican Senator Sumner was beaten for denouncing subjection. What’s more, the republicans engaged the Free soilers, in light of the fact that if subjection ventured into the west, the privileges of free work would be denied.
The Republicans were additionally ready to secure the backing from the North through financial reasons. In correlation to the south, the Northern states had industrialized and developing at a quick rate. Not just were the Republicans ready to increase help from processing plant holders who restricted subjugation, they likewise spoke to them and the workers by guaranteeing to cancelation the Walker tax for a higher levy, which would guarantee their products against outside items. Also, numerous northerners tried to scatter the populace, as the heightening rate of migration brought about overpopulation. The Republican party made a guarantee to them the Homestead Act to get land furthermore inner enhancements to make it conceivable. Besides, the northerners grasped free work, social portability, and solid hard working attitude, which was underpinned by the Republicans.
Question 2: Should the Civil War be seen primarily as a war to save the Union or as a war to free the
Slaves.
The Civil War ought to be seen as a war to free the slaves. The Northern abolitionists pushed and pushed the South on the issue of bondage, continually attempting to farthest point their established right to possess slaves. The abolitionists then attempted to make Kansas a free state by unfairly paying individuals to vote, and urging them to influence the vote to their side by voting different times. This undermined the thought of principle by the individuals, on the grounds that the rich lawmakers could simply pay for their side to win and make our administration more like a gentry, the wealthiest will run the show. The abolitionists began this war by treating the Southern states in unlawful ways, suspecting that the closures would legitimize the methods, which including their illegal activities, as well as all the individuals who kicked the bucket battling in the Civil War. I would call the war, The War of Constitutional Interpretation, for two reasons, one on the grounds that the issue of state’s rights must be deciphered from the Constitution, and two, on the grounds that the abolitionists translated that the Constitution and its goals did not matter to them while they were battling to free the slaves. Toward the starting it was seen as a war to spare the union like cathy said however i think it is more seen as a war to free slaves. I think whichever way to spare slaves or the union the country was first going to part in any case due to the slave issue. i think the Civil war isn’t a right name for this war, it wasn’t Civil it was loaded with viciousness and the way blacks were dealt with was additionally not common. I think it ought to be known as the Freedom War for the slaves at last being free or the Lost Cause War on the grounds that the North had attempted so long to free the slaves, that it was by all accounts an acts of futility. One other name of the war could be the Splitting of the Nation in light of the fact that the south and North were exceptionally part on the issue. Yet Civil War deffinatley does not fit this war.
Part 2
Question 2:
Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American rationalist who is acclaimed for heading the Transcendentalist development in the nineteenth century. Amid the American-Mexican war, he is known for his popular quote, “The United States will prevail over Mexico, however it will be as the man who swallows the arsenic which cuts him down thusly. Mexico will harm us (Foner 67).” The prompt reason for this war was the extension of Texas by the United States in 1845 in the midst of the resistance from Mexico, and Emerson Waldo was constantly open to express his significant dissatisfaction. Through the words, “Mexico will harm us” Emerson Waldo implied that despite the fact that the United States had the ability to prevail over Mexico, the fallout was not counter profitable to its certain improvement. He expected that the ultra-expansionist aspirations of the United States were spoiled by ulterior thought processes, which on the long run would just mischief the nation by partitioning its kin (Binder 49). Emerson was undoubtedly right in a prophetic manner. The statement “toxin” was utilized allegorically to speak to post war events like servitude, which got to be claimed after the war, and political divisions throughout the nation focused around belief systems.
Question 3:
The period around the 1864 denoted the most basic point the historical backdrop of America in connection to balance and opportunity, Americans strived to secure a national character by setting regular qualities convictions to which all could subscribe paying little mind to their unique roots. Despite the fact that equity and flexibility was accomplished at last, subjection is still a test. Accordingly, the most persuasive early translators portrayed an American character framed primarily by the estimations of freedom, fairness and majority rule government. Freedom implied Americans had the capacity to do what they needed without fake obstructions set by the administration or various leveled power. Exchanges of the American character regularly assumed the presence of a crucial faith in patriotism, a pledge to the honor and notoriety of the country state made in 1776. For Abraham Lincoln, all contemplations of the importance of opportunity occurred in the setting of his definitive confidence in the perfect of American country.
By the 1840s, the importance of American patriotism started to obtain uniquely sectional viewpoints. For some northerners, negative impressions of the south’s character molded the meaning of American patriotism. As the north got to be politically and monetarily stronger, a “northern” patriotism rose focused around the conviction that locale’s more noteworthy responsibility to correspondence made it intrinsically not quite the same as, and ethically predominant to, the south, and its slave power.
Most Americans grasp the same values and recognize the differences of conviction inside the general public. Abraham Lincoln watched this in 1864: “we all proclaim for freedom however in utilizing the same word we don’t mean the same thing.” Some individuals accept that freedom intends to do what one wills without anybody scrutinizing his/her activities. Others trust it is to do what they see to be comfortable alternative of the others
Amid the common war, Americans’ understanding of their patriotism was reinforced and made more particular. Patriotism implied that the United States was a country sufficiently solid to survive the trial of the common war and secure a changeless republic. The wartime experience united with the before the war northern patriotism to constitute a seriously against southern feeling of national honor. Like never before in the recent past, the United States was a country maintaining duty to freedom, correspondence and majority rules system. By heading the Union to triumph in the war and characterizing the significance of its result, Abraham Lincoln formed what American patriotism would be long after 1865.
Works Cited
Binder, Frederick M, and David M. Reimers. The Way We Lived: Volume 1. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth, 2012. Print.
and the senate let Americans down by clearing the President of the charges that were brought against him. Among the high offenses that could amount to grounds for impeachment
is his contact with the Ukrainian President asking for interference in the elections while using the favors as leverage. The evidence provided concerning this accusation is overwhelming and is enough to warrant removal from office. Even if this accusation does not hold
Trace the growth of a specific organization through merger andor acquisition. Explain some of the rational for each mergeracq
Name
Course
Tutor’s Name
Date
World of Business
1- Trace the growth of a specific organization through merger and/or acquisition. Explain some of the rational for each merger/acquisition; describe any economies of scale realized?
Delta airlines and Northwest airlines Merger
Delta and Northwest airlines merger is one of the greatest mergers in the airline industry creating the world’s biggest carrier. The merger which was approximately $3.1 billion is expected to restructure the US airline industry and will use the Delta name in its operations with its headquarters situated in Atlanta. This huge merger between the third largest Delta and the fifth largest Northwest airlines will help in creating a global giant with more than 700 jets, 6400 daily flights, almost $35 billion revenue yearly and the new company’s value of almost $17.7 billion, far above their current market value.
The merger will also have approximately 75000 employees globally with no hub closures expected and a 1.25 delta share for each of the Northwest airlines shareholders in addition to the seniority protection of the frontline employees for both airlines via fair and equitable seniority integration. The merger of the Delta and the Northwest airlines was also facilitated by the fact that they have very few overlapping routes which may interfere with their operations since Delta had most routes in Europe and Latin America while Northwest concentrated its business in Asia (Fedor Web).
This major merger in the airline industry will further marry the Delta’s route networks in Europe and Latin America with the Northwest’s Asia networks and further create more routes thus widening its networks. This giant merger is expected to initiate significant and plausible efficiencies that will undoubtedly make the US and world’s customers’ gain greatly from savings on expenses for airport operations, technology and suppliers as well as heightening competition in the carrier industry.
The merger was aimed at benefiting the two parties involved by making them more efficient in service provision and their respective operations. The merger was also intended to increase international presence and the ability to fund long term investments in the airline industry as well as offsetting the higher fuel prices which has fundamentally affected the financial viability of the airline operations. The merger will not lay off any employee but will tend to raise the salaries of all the employees for both airlines and further reduce their previous pay cuts that existed before the merger (Fleming Web).
The merger of Delta and Northwest airlines is intended to provide a better solution of meeting the stakeholders’ objectives. The merger is expected to help the financiers, employees and passengers achieve their main intentions since it will allow the new company to make profits that will be used in increasing the dividends, raising workers pay, and satisfying their clients respectively. A stable and continuous profit will be maintained by the company to sustain its operations hence improving the various stakeholders’ aims. Other benefits that may be accrued are creating a global US carrier that intensively competes with other foreign airlines as well as enabling their customers from across the world get access to a global route system that will allow them to travel anywhere just by using same company’s facilities (Fleming Web).
Increase of destinations greatly helps in adding further schedule options and extra opportunities to make more money while redeeming frequent flyer miles thus making a more financially stable airline company with a vast opportunity of growing and expanding. All the customers from both the airlines will benefit from each other’s greater services and strengths to various destinations as well as easing the integration risk due to their complementary networks and common membership in the Sky Team alliance. Although this merger was initially opposed by the Northwest’s airline due to the anticipation of job loss, there was a great promise of pay rise and good working conditions for all the employees due to the wonderful profits that were made from the merger. Due to the wider networks, the company will reach greater markets that its competitors may not reach hence causing threat to the existing small airline companies (Fedor Web).
The merger will lead to the benefit from the economies of scale by reducing each other’s fixed costs especially the cost of fuel since the new bigger firm will have lower average cost and will further be allowed discounts for most of their purchases due to bulk buying. The larger company may also get a very favorable rate of interest and a less costly head office to run rather than the two headquarters for both companies that existed before. The merger further intensifies competitive advantage in the airline industry due to greater investments in R&D because of the available high profits that can be used to finance risky investments. Merger may also protect the companies from closing down due to liquidity challenges and further improves on diversification in routes and sharing of management skills (Fleming Web).
2- Create a chronology of events leading up to a chapter 11 filing of a specific organization; continue the chronology through the organizations emergence from bankruptcy?
Eastman Kodak Bankruptcy
Kodak Company which was one of the iconic American companies saddened many people worldwide when it surprisingly applied for bankruptcy making it ranks as the top local business news. Most people blamed the universal technological trends which gulped up retailers, publisher and other great and small industries on Kodak’s decline. The management of Kodak was initially seen as failing the huge company by not coping up with the technology in the imaging, copiers and other facilities and products that the company deals in (Hill & Gareth 383).
However, in August 2004, the company announced its intention to digitalize its operations after almost a century of service without transformation under the leadership of Carp. Transformations were very challenging because it required both transformation in market shift and obsolescence of their main research and various operations that reduced the competitiveness of the company (Hill & Gareth 383)
Digitalization
In 2001, when Carp took over Kodak Eastman as the CEO he made several changes in the company’s culture to facilitate the company’s performance by recognizing digital expertise to help the company succeed. He further ordered the redesign of the Kodak Park by injecting millions of dollars to affect the project’s success. Under his leadership, Kodak shocked many people in the industry by building a leading brand in digital camera such as Easy Share which ranked first in the US market. They additionally built a primary site for online photos but it was unfortunate since the printing of images, which was the consumer’s digital strategy, was unsuccessful. Kodak, although concentrated on its cameras, invested more on the cameras simply because it covered larger part of their market share (Hill & Gareth 383).
Their hard copy pictures which they strived to excel in also had very little demand due to the internet which made viewing and sharing easier thus altering customers’ attitudes on. Kodak did not anticipate the effect of phones on the digital cameras even as their digital cameras proved expensive to the consumers. However, the question that lingers in most people’s mind is whether Kodak was wrong in adopting new technology such as introduction of digital photography. Kodak failed to merge with many companies during financial times to boosts its finances and R&D thus making it trail behind in the industry which it once dominated (Hill & Gareth 383).
Kodak’s strategic management failed to foresee the effects of digital phones which did not require films just as Fuji film did in the market. The company did not know how to respond to the increased use of digital cameras, USB cables, and SD cards which were more suitable thus eventually killing the Kodak business. Kodak sold most of its profitable subsidiaries such as its copier division hence reducing its revenue. The company was then unable to pay its creditors and even engaged in layoffs due to inability to sustain its operations thus reducing its local employees from 60,400 to almost 7,000, closed 13 manufacturing plants and 130 processing labs since 2003.
Kodak Reorganization
Kodak is working extra hard to arrange for funds of almost $844 million that would see it exit emergency in mid 2013. The company and its subsidiaries filed voluntary petition for reorganization which is intended to improve its liquidity both in the US and abroad. They plan to solve resolve legacy liabilities and focus on its valuable business line even after making pioneering investments on digital and materials deposition technologies which generated almost 75% of its revenues in 2011. The company has successfully acquired a fully committed $844 million credit facility which has been approved by the court from the Citigroup to boost its liquidity and working capital. The company strongly believes that it has enough liquidity to smoothly continue with its business in the normal line whilst paying its employees wages and maintaining its customer programs (Waters & Bradshaw Web).
The company will seek to address its cost effectiveness as they abandon some of its traditional businesses by coming up with a lean, world class, digital imaging and profitable company. The company further promised to be committed in a culture of collaboration and innovativeness which they urged all their employees to adopt for betterment of the company. It will reorganize its structure and operations to fit all the objectives of its shareholders by deeply consulting great firms such as FTI Consulting Inc. on the better ways of improving the company. Kodak will monthly file its monthly reports with the Bankruptcy court and also file its quarterly report with Securities and Exchange Commission (Waters & Bradshaw Web).
Target Corp., Consolidated Income Statement USD $ in millions 12 months ended Feb 2, 2013 Jan 28, 2012 Jan 29, 2011 Jan 30, 2010
Sales 71,960 68,466 65,786 63,435
Credit card revenues 1,341 1,399 1,604 1,922
Revenues 73,301 69,865 67,390 65,357
Cost of sales -50,568 -47,860 -45,725 -44,062
Credit card expenses -467 -446 -860 -1,521
Gross profit 22,266 21,559 20,805 19,774
Selling, general and administrative expenses -14,914 -14,106 -13,469 -13,078
Depreciation and amortization -2,142 -2,131 -2,084 -2,023
Gain on receivables held for sale 161 – – –
Earnings before interest expense and income taxes 5,371 5,322 5,252 4,673
Net interest expense -762 -866 -757 -801
Earnings before income taxes 4,609 4,456 4,495 3,872
Provision for income taxes -1,610 -1,527 -1,575 -1,384
Net earnings
2,999 2,929 2,920 2,488
(Target Corp Web).
Annual Financials for Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
Fiscal year is February-January. All values USD millions. 2011 2012 2013
HYPERLINK “http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials” Sales/Revenue 418.95B 443.85B 469.16B
HYPERLINK “http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials” Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A 315.29B 335.13B 352.49B
COGS excluding D&A 307.65B 327B 343.99B
Depreciation & Amortization Expense 7.64B 8.13B 8.5B
Depreciation – – 8.4B
Amortization of Intangibles – – 101M
HYPERLINK “http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials” Gross Income 103.67B 108.73B 116.67B
2011 2012 2013
HYPERLINK “http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials” SG&A Expense 80.76B 85.27B 88.87B
Research & Development 0 0 0
Other SG&A 80.76B 85.27B 88.87B
Other Operating Expense 0 0 0
Unusual Expense 260M 0 0
EBIT after Unusual Expense (260M) 0 0
Non Operating Income/Expense 2.9B 3.1B 0
Non-Operating Interest Income 201M 162M 187M
Equity in Affiliates (Pretax) 0 0 –
HYPERLINK “http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials” Interest Expense 2.21B 2.32B 2.25B
Gross Interest Expense 2.27B 2.38B 2.33B
Interest Capitalized 63M 60M 74M
HYPERLINK “http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials” Pretax Income 23.54B 24.4B 25.74B
Income Tax 7.58B 7.94B 7.98B
Income Tax – Current Domestic 5.24B 5.34B 6.23B
Income Tax – Current Foreign 1.47B 1.4B 1.77B
Income Tax – Deferred Domestic 857M 1.5B 30M
Income Tax – Deferred Foreign 19M (299M) (48M)
Consolidated Net Income 15.96B 16.45B 17.7
(Market Watch Web).
The income for the two companies has been increasing for the last three years from 2010, 2011 and 2012. In Wal-Mart Company, the sales grew by 5.94% in 2010 to 2012 and later reduced to 5.70% in 2012 financial year. The sales for the Wal-Mart company rose from 2010 to 2011 financial years and slightly dropped in 2012 financial year.
The cost of goods sold for the Wal-Mart company increased by almost a double digit from the 2010 financial years to 2011 financial year but slightly reduced in 2012financial year. The net income for the Wal-Mart company increased by almost 2% in 2010 but reduced by almost 3% in 2011 which later increased by almost 5% in 2012. The gross profit margin for the Wal-Mart company rose from 3.26%, 4.38% and 7.31% in the financial years 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively due to the increase in sales.
On the other hand, Target Group Company recorded a slight increase in its sales from 2010 to 2011 and further increased a bit more in 2012. The cost of sales for the Target Company also increased throughout the last three financial years and a very progressive increase in the net income from 2010, 2011, to 2012. The gross profit margin for the Target company also increased from the 2010, 2011, to 2012 respectively due to increase in sales.
Generally, cost of sales for the two companies increased little by little for the last three financial years 2010, 2011, and 2012. The net incomes for the two companies also increased progressively for the three financial years 2010, 2011, and 2012. The gross profit margin for the two companies increased gradually for the last three financial years.
Expenses= Gross margin – Net Income
In Target company, expenses are $18, 721, $18630 and $19267 million in 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively. This showed a slight reduction in expenses from 2010 to 2011 and an increase by $637 million dollars from 2011to 2012.In Wall-mart company, the expenses increased from $88.31, $92.96, and $99.67 billion in 2010, 2011, and 2012 respectively.
Works Cited
Fleming, Susan A. “Airline Mergers: Issues Raised by the Proposed Merger of United and Continental Airlines: Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, U.S. Senate.” Washington, D.C: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, (2010): Internet resource. HYPERLINK “http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6WZzoOfNjkoC&pg=PP2&lpg=PP2&dq=Delta+airlines+and+Northwest+airlines” http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=6WZzoOfNjkoC&pg=PP2&lpg=PP2&dq=Delta+airlines+and+Northwest+airlines.
Fedor, Liz. It’s A Go for World’s Largest Airline. Star Tribune, 2008. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. HYPERLINK “http://www.startribune.com/business/17672684.html?refer=y” http://www.startribune.com/business/17672684.html?refer=y.
Hill, Charles W. L, and Gareth R. Strategic Management. Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.
Waters, R, and Bradshaw, Tim. Kodak files for bankruptcy protection. Travel & Leisure, 2012. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. HYPERLINK “http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/68054e1c-4267-11e1-93ea-00144feab49a.html” http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/68054e1c-4267-11e1-93ea-00144feab49a.html.
Target Corp. Target Corp: Consolidated Income Statement. EBIT Financial Analyses Center. Web. 8. Apr. 2013. HYPERLINK “http://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Financial-Statement/Income-Statement” http://www.stock-analysis-on.net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Financial-Statement/Income-Statement.
Market Watch. The Wall Street Journal, 2013. Web. 8 Apr. 2013.
http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/wmt/financials.