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Luxury cars. A few qualities of the vehicles industry incorporate prevalent quality, brand recognition, and is said to have h
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A few qualities of the vehicles industry incorporate prevalent quality, brand recognition, and is said to have high pay versatility of interest. As individuals get to be wealthier, they have a tendency to purchase more valuable and luxurious products. In any case, this also implies that as the wealth or individual possession declines, as does the interest for these cars. The luxurious cars can be considered as a symbol of wealth.
Eye-getting usage of their items by respectable figures in the public eye prompts expanding requests for luxury cars, and it is a growing industry with the worldwide extravagance merchandise business sector developing 9% for every year. These consumers purchase their items for fulfillment and to support their respect toward oneself instead of for ease or solace. In spite of the fact that a contention can be made is that fulfilling their respect toward oneself issues comforts them or provides for them comfort (Han, Jee, Nunes, and Drèze 20).
The luxurious car is under exceptional change and at diverse levels. For example, Toyota cars with its split personality, the stiff competition in the luxury car industry is half strong and intense. Competition is genuinely solid, yet not serious at the top of the line level for flagship store and full-priced stores. There keeps on being a growing demand in emerging markets and an increase in wealth which makes competition less savage. The interest for luxury cars in developing markets keep on growing particularly in UAE because of the development of the working class. With the developing requests for luxury cars in UAE, automotive industry members ought to be fulfilled enough not to dispatch any real hostile systems which could prompt striking back.
One of the aggressive constraints that have an incredible impact on luxury car industry engaging quality is the risk of new participants and that it is so tricky to develop a brand name that can rival any semblance of BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Lexus, and Audi. It takes profound monetary pockets and incredible duty to make extravagance picture with the well-known brand and predominant quality. As a result, it is very difficult for new companies to gain market share and exposure. Luxury cars are known for their better quality and to some individuals, the status that they convey. New companies must form this status from the beginning, which can demonstrate difficulties without sufficient assets.
Another competitive factor can be a strong bargaining power with suppliers. A high-end car manufacturer might want to be interfaced to the luxury brand names e.g. Lexus and Audi. The automotive industry members have over suppliers is supportive of the internationally known luxury brand which is known to create quality products (Theo, et al,. 240).
In the other hand, some approaches, advancement and promotion technique set by the manufacturers are not suitable in UAE’s automobile industry, for example, one of Ferrari’s arrangement is that after the client purchase a Ferrari car the distribution ought to open a bottle of champagne for the purchaser, yet this can’t be applicable in UAE market, in light of the fact that the residents of UAE are Muslim and alcohol is banned in Islam. Some policies tend to discourage buyers since it might be too harsh or too procedural.
Works Cited
Han, Young Jee, Joseph C. Nunes, and Xavier Drèze. “Signaling status with luxury goods: the role of brand prominence.” Journal of Marketing 74.4 (2010): 15-30.
Lieven, Theo, et al. “Who will buy electric cars? An empirical study in Germany.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 16.3 (2011): 236-243.
Ethnocentrism Analysis
Ethnocentrism Analysis
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Ethnocentrism Analysis
Ethnocentrism is the act of a certain community or society seeing itself to be superior compared others regarding its principles and traditions. Ethnocentrism is filled with some preconceptions about another society concerning, for example, their religions and cultural beliefs. This notion is typically wrong as it results in cultural hatred as well as hostility towards those outside the individual groups. Culture is essential in society as it is the one that defines who an individual is. Different cultures are performing different practices, and therefore everyone tends to value their cultures more than those of others, and this makes everyone to be ethnocentric (Booth, 2014). However, the issue to do with ethnocentrism can be an opportunity to identify and resolve the individuals’ biases, and also to absorb more about the capabilities that they possess for being human. Thus this can be a lifetime process of growth and learning.
The stages of ethnocentrism are classified according to individuals’ attitudes towards differences in culture. There are those individuals or societies who are in denial stage and they tend to deny that cultural differences exist, there are those in the defense stage, and they tend to demonize those in denial stage. Finally, there are those in the minimization stage; who underestimate differences. The stages as outlined by Bennet (2004) are as follows;
Denial stage
Under this stage of ethnocentrism, the individuals tend to be not aware of the actuality of cultural differences. They are not threatened in any way by the cultural differences since they decline to concur them. It is thus considered as a primitive stage of ethnocentrism. The persons in this stage are ethnocentric because they tend to believe that their method of living is the correct one and thus those individuals or societies who behave otherwise basically do not recognize anything and are not aware of themselves. These people tend to impose their system of value upon others, and they also consider that they are always right and the rest who act differently are confused, fellows.
However, what can be learned about the perception of this kind of individuals is that they have had no time to associate and socialize with other individuals or communities and experience their way of living (Bennett, 2004). They segregate themselves, and therefore they lack exposure leading them not to embrace diversity. This stage is also characterized by the belief of an individual or a certain group believing to know better than the residents.
Defense Stage
Contrary to the previous stage, this stage acknowledges the cultural differences. The individuals in this stage tend to be not supremely uninformed of other people’s culture. However, they feel to be threatened by the presence of the other’s culture, and therefore they denigrate them with the aim of asserting their own cultural superiority. Thus, this acts as their defense mechanism. Ethnocentric individuals hence activate this type of defense mechanism to safeguard themselves as well as their partial cultural outlook. Also, the individuals in this stage tend to avoid the members of other communities by associating entirely with members of their cultures.
Minimization Stage
This stage comprises the recognition of cultural differences but not taking a keen interest in their importance in individuals’ lives. The individuals in this stage are still susceptible by cultural differences, and therefore they strain to minimize these differences by convincing themselves that individuals are more alike than dissimilar (Bennett, 2004, p.71). They no longer regard other individuals from other cultures as inferior or misguided, but they fail to recognize some unique traits from those cultures. The act of not identifying those distinctive traits is undoubtedly a method of ethnocentrism.
Ethnorelativism
In creating a cohesive and productive environment, ethnorelativism needs to be embraced by the different cultures since no culture is superior to others. Therefore it is vital to identify the differences between cultures. The three stages of ethnorelativism are acceptance, adaptation, and integration.
Acceptance
In this stage of ethnorelativism, an individual understands that there exists several cultures with different practices and realize that the individuals are somehow different from them and hence the need for embracing diversity. Moreover, the individuals in this stage no longer regard other people’s culture as wrong, inferior or threatening as they learn to accept people as they are. They seem to be neutral to the differences in cultures as they see them as either bad or good but relatively as a fact of life. The notions of multiculturalism and biculturalism are introduced in this stage.
An excellent example to explain this stage is of an individual who is now capable of recognizing differences in nonverbal communication among individuals coming from different cultures (Rüsen, 2004, p.124). It is easy to spot the differences in language, but being aware of the non-verbal differences in communication arises from this stage. Therefore during the acceptance stage, it the appropriate time to place that ethnorelativism into action by encouraging cross-cultural simulations. This will include the participation in the simulation by individuals from other cultures, an act that will consent the individuals to exercise and develop their acceptance.
Adaptation
During the adaptation stage, one gains interest in other cultures and increases the need to learn about them. This call for more actions in acting as per the culture and it approves the level of interaction with that culture. For individuals to adapt to a particular culture, it requires them to become more active in learning the deeper values and norms in that culture. To become fully adapted to the culture one have to be fully conversant with its framework. An excellent example of cultural adaptation is when a profession deals with different culture and learn their cultural diversity.
Integration
Integration calls for a person being multicultural and not being identified with a single culture. At this stage evaluation of culture is done on a general basis and not on a single culture. At this stage individual maintain their own culture but also integrate some values of other culture into their own.
Strategies to transform the individual into a more culturally competent individual or a group
It’s always a challenge for one to understand all the cultures in the world; hence most of the people tend to remain ethnocentric. However, ethnocentrism can be avoided by realizing that it is possible to control biasness against other culture. Anthropologists have shown that it is always possible to have a balanced understanding of different cultures but to gain these skills people are supposed to know the various stages brought forward by these anthropologists. The first step is individuals accepting that they do not understand. For once they need to realize that they are ethnocentric and it is through their reaction towards other culture that makes them so. Having a negative attitude towards different culture is one of the indicators that an individual does not understand the culture being criticized (Rüsen, 2004, p.121). After understanding individuals’ reaction, it is now easier to have control of biasness towards other cultures. In this stage individuals typically seek knowledge to balance on their reactions. Here individuals realize that they do not know and that becomes the reason as to why they are seeking information about a particular culture.
Ways to Overcome Ethnocentrism
Individuals tend to become ethnocentric when they use their cultural standards to create some generality concerning other individuals’ beliefs and customs. Ethnocentric thinking results to individuals making wrong assumptions concerning other people (Matsumoto & Juang, 2016). It makes them make impulsive judgments. The following are some of the ways that can help them overcome ethnocentrism:
Avoid Assumptions
It is good to remember and expect that individuals from other cultures have different customs, values, and beliefs compared to those of them. Therefore it is good that they respect them and avoid making some unnecessary assumptions.
Learn Different Cultures
Researching about traditions as well as other peoples’ lifestyle is essential. It is always easy to learn to embrace cultural diversity when keeping an open mind toward new or dissimilar things.
Avoid Judgements
When there are individuals around who seem to be acting differently, it is noble not to assume that the individuals are making a mistake. Learning to appreciate differences is hence vital.
Be Respectful
Under this context, an individual or a particular group should similarly treat other people that they would want to be treated.
As seen in the above discussion, ethnocentrism is the act of a specific culture seeing itself to be superior compared to other cultures and hence having some bias towards them. This issue typically results in some negativities in the society such as hatred and conflicts among communities. Ethnocentrism is thus outlined in several stages characterizing the different characters of individuals under each stage concerning the issue of ethnocentrism. Therefore to create a cohesive as well as a productive environment ethnorelativism need to be introduced to identify the differences between the different cultures. Moreover, strategies of transforming individuals into more competent individuals in the society who can avoid this menace are necessary.
References
Bennett, M. J. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education, 2, 62-77.
Booth, K. (2014). Strategy and Ethnocentrism (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2016). Culture and psychology. Nelson Education.
Neuliep, J. W. (2017). Ethnocentrism. The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, 1-5.
Rüsen, J. (2004). How to Overcome Ethnocentrism: Approaches to a Culture of Recognition by History in the Twenty‐First Century1. History and Theory, 43(4), 118-129.
RECALL DIAGRAM
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RECALL DIAGRAM
Name of Article: 87 of 91 Tested Ex-NFL Players Had Brain Disease Linked to Head Trauma
Topic: Should You Let Your Kids Play Football?
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Opinion with the topic sentence
According to Dr. Omalu — whose study and struggle with the N.F.L. is the subject of Concussion, Will Smith’s film — the human brain is completely formed at about 18 to 25 years of age. “We should at least wait for our children to grow up, provide knowledge and education on the danger of gambling, and let them make their own choices,” he wrote. “No adult, parent, or coach, should be allowed to make this life-changing decision for a child.”
Reason and Examples stated to support
Athletes who started playing soccer before 12 had more behavioral and cognitive issues later in life than those who started playing after the age of 12 and found a new study released on Tuesday. The results of a long-term study by researchers at Boston University are likely to contribute to the controversy on when, or even whether, children should be able to start playing soccer. The findings of the Boston University research review, published in the journal Nature’s Translational Psychiatry, were based on a survey of 214 former players with an average age of 51. Of those, 43 played in high school, 103 played in college, and the remaining 68 played in the N.F.L. “The brain is going through this amazing period of growth between the ages of 10 and 12, and if you believe that brain development has repetitive head effects, it may trigger issues later in life,” said Robert Stern, one of the writers of the report, of the results. The research showed that retirees who started to play before 12 had reduced mental flexibility compared to those who started to play. The research is consistent with earlier studies by Stern and others that explicitly looked at N.F.L. pensioners. This study showed that retirees who started playing before 12 years of age had reduced mental capacity relative to those who started playing soccer at 12 years of age or older.
2nd reason followed by examples stated to support
As we know, sports have many advantages, including physical, mental, psychological, emotional, social, creating strength and balance in a happier life. It will make you powerful from the outside and the inside and help you control your emotions (aggression, anxiety, etc.). Football is such a lovely game that you can always say yes to play. Physically, it keeps you healthy as you do a lot of tackles, steering, kicking, running, sprinting, etc … so that your entire body is properly exercised and strengthens your cardiovascular system and helps you keep in good shape and soccer is a team activity that will develop your child’s communication and leadership skills.
Opinion restated with enthusiasm.
An increasing number of scientists argue that since the human brain develops rapidly at a young age, particularly between 10 and 12 years of age, children should not play soccer until they are mature enough.
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The truth is, any physical activity carries the risk of injury. Due to the numbers, there is a great deal of emphasis on football. A 2008 study found that high school football players were more likely than other athletes to suffer from strains, sprains, and fractures. Players also suffer the most concussions in young sports. The more people play soccer, the greater the risks. “Some people think, ‘Yeah, they’re just playing like a baby,’ but if you start at eight and play until you’re 18, that’s ten years of repetitive head-impact,” says Dr. Stamm.
Parents should also be conscious of the symptoms of concussion. These include dizziness, irregular mood swings, headaches, confusion, and light sensitivity. “One important thing is that you don’t have to lose consciousness,” says Dr. Stamm. The balance between the enduring importance of early brain development and its remarkable continuous plasticity lies at the heart of the current debate about the impact of early experience on the brain.
Relates to Text
The brain is the ultimate adaptation organ. It takes knowledge and orchestrates complex behavioral repertoires that allow human beings to behave in sometimes wonderful, sometimes terrible ways. Most of what people think of as “self”—what we think, what we recall, what we can do, how we feel — is learned by the brain from the experience that occurs after birth. This information is obtained during crucial or vulnerable stages of growth when the brain tends to be uniquely equipped to absorb certain forms of information. In contrast, other information may be acquired across a wide variety of developments that can continue to adulthood. This continuum of possibilities is well captured by the coinciding proof of both the brain’s extraordinarily rapid development that characterizes the early childhood era and the brain’s lifelong potential for growth and improvement.