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The role of media as relates
How Mass Media Encourages Deviant Behavior in Children
Student’s name
Institutional affiliation
Introduction
The role of media as relates to deviance and crime has always been an issue of concern for our society. Deviance and crime remain to be a universal problem, and with media being a driving source in modern culture, mass communication experts continue to carry out studies to know more about the connection that exists between media and crime. There is developing concern about how various television and film lead to degenerate conduct, particularly among youngsters. This gives off the impression of a connection between media and brutal acts in early university and senior year of secondary school. This essay assesses how mass media encourages deviant behavior in children through content that depicts and sometimes glorifies deviance.
Mass media Glamorizes the Disrespect of Women
Music and films showcased on television have many destructive and negative themes. Some of the common themes that diminish self-esteem and glorify violence against women include suicide, alcohol and drug abuse, violence, sex centered on sadism, control, incest, and masochism. Music videos depend on sexual content to catch the attention of their audiences. This is because sex sells. In music videos, women are often more than men and in most cases, there is an instant attraction between the men and women and sex happens rather quickly without courtship (Xie, Gai, & Zhou, 2019). Sex gratification for men takes center stage which encourages men to view women as sexual objects. Essentially this mocks the respect and compassion of women. Men no longer show their maleness by protecting and taking care of women but by ganging together and abusing them. We are dealing with sexuality on new levels which encourage tolerance to violence and sexual predation. Rappers like Eminem have increased the category of weak to including gay people and family members. In his songs, he portrays and celebrates himself with misogynistic attitudes of homophobia. Eminem is frequently rapping about killing gays and lesbians and killing or beating women. In the lyrics of his song She’s The One, he fantasizes about killing his girlfriend who he refers to as the ho as well as his mother. The portrayal of women in this light goes beyond violence and sex and it leaves an impact on its audience. The audience picks up the same attitude which makes them begin to treat women with disrespect.
Mass Media Influences Self-Image
The current hip-hop media culture portrays images that showcase the artists and models as a group of outsiders. The hip-hop cultural movement started among Latinos and African Americans in the Bronx of New York City in the early 1970s and since then, it has spread across various races and many parts of the world (McCaghy, Capron, Jamieson, & Carey, 2016). The standards hip-hop fashion was characterized by baggy jeans, long chains, hip-hop, doo-rags, loose clothing, and charms and today, they are worn by actors and artists. The American youth today also emulate the dress code of hip-hop artists. Further, youth today also display hip-hop culture in their speech and gestures. This display is a symbol of rejection and alienation of definitions of cultural values and behavior that is socially acceptable. This legitimizes and fosters anti-social behavior which evokes social behavior from individuals and groups that do not abide by norms. The rejection solidifies the self-definition of a group and deviant behavior such as sexual predation, violence, threats, disrespect, and breaking the law become signs of a group or personal identity. This is evidenced in many videos and movies including New Jack City which talks about drug-related violence in the history of rap in many cities across America. In Kanye West’s song, We Don’t Care, children join Kanye in singing about drugs and violence.
Conclusion
Mass media, particularly films and music videos have been linked with deviant behavior among children. There is developing concern about how various television and film lead to degenerate conduct, particularly among youngsters. Deviance and crime remain to be universal problem. Music and films showcased on television have many destructive and negative themes of suicide, alcohol and drug abuse, violence, sex centered on sadism, control, incest, and masochism. The American youth today also emulate the dress code, speech and mannerisms of hip-hop artists and as a result, they end up showing deviant behavior.
References
McCaghy, C. H., Capron, T. A., Jamieson, J. D., & Carey, S. H. H. (2016). Deviant behavior: Crime, conflict, and interest groups. Routledge.
Xie, X., Gai, X., & Zhou, Y. (2019). A meta-analysis of media literacy interventions for deviant behaviors. Computers & Education, 139, 146-156.
A large fire severely damages three major U.S. cities
1. For each of the scenarios below, explain whether or not it represents a diversifiable or an undiversifiable risk. Please consider the issues from the viewpoint of investors. Explain your reasoning
a. A large fire severely damages three major U.S. cities
A prudent investor can diversify risks that are unique to a particular city or cities by investing in many cities. A fire that destroys three cities will create an advantage to suppliers in other cities by creating a deficit in supply of some commodities. This is therefore a diversifiable risk. However, an investor must be aware that the US market is very sensitive to any slight change (Damodaran 2002).
b. A substantial unexpected rise in the price of oil
Generally, fluctuations in the prices of oil have an effect on the entire economy since they change the liquidity of money in circulation. For instance, unexpected appreciation in the prices of oil can bring about inflationary effects in the entire economy hence it is an undiversifiable risk.
c. A major lawsuit is filed against one large publicly traded corporation
A lawsuit against the corporation is unique to that particular organization and will not affect the entire economy. This is therefore a diversifiable risk as the investor can diversify such a risk by investing in several corporations of public and private nature.
2. Use the CAPM to answer the following questions:
a. Find the Expected Rate of Return on the Market Portfolio given that the Expected Rate of Return on Asset “i” is 10%, the Risk-Free Rate is 3%, and the Beta (b) for Asset “i” is 1.5.
Ri = Rf + βi (Rm – Rf)
Where:
Ri – expected rate of return on the asset (i)
Rf – risk free rate
βi – beta
Rm – market rate of return
Rm = ((Ri – Rf)/ βi) + Rf
= ((0.1 – 0.03)/1.5) + 0.1
= 0.14666666666666666…
= 0.14667
= 14.67%
b. Find the Risk-Free Rate given that the Expected Rate of Return on Asset “j” is 14%, the Expected Return on the Market Portfolio is 12%, and the Beta (b) for Asset “j” is 1.5.
Rj = Rf + βj (Rm – Rf) Where:
Rj – expected rate of return on the asset (j)
Rf – risk free rate
βi – beta
Rm – market rate of return
Rf (1 – βj) = (Rj – βjRm)
Rf = (Rj – βjRm)/ (1 – βj)
= (0.14 – 1.5*.12)/ (1-1.5)
= 0.08
= 8%
c. What do you think the Beta (β) of your portfolio would be if you owned half of all the stocks traded on the major exchanges? Explain.
The beta is likely to be one. This is because owning half of all the stocks traded is likely to subject the portfolio to similar behavior where the stocks are likely to move in the same direction in response to market dynamics. However, this can only be true where the change taking place in the stocks is equals that of index value in magnitude. If the two are not equal then the portfolio beta will be higher where it changes by a bigger percentage. On the same note, it will be less than where it changes by a lower percentage as compared to the index (Flynn et al 2007).
3. In one page explain what you think is the main ‘message’ of the Capital Asset Pricing Model to corporations and what is the main message of the CAPM to investors?
Corporations have many ways in which they can benefit from the information obtained from CAPM. Even though the application of the information depends on the particular corporation and the industry it operates, CAPM is used generally for striking a balance between the risk on investment and the return that the same investment yields. Investment managers in corporations use CAPM to assess their investment decisions, evaluate the potential of returns on their portfolios (Emery et al 2007).
On the other hand, capital asset pricing model can be applied by investors in their investment decisions in a number of ways. Principally, the message the capital asset pricing model gives an investor is to invest in a portfolio that gives maximum economic utility to the investment made (Damodaran 2002).
Reference List:
Emery, D., Finnerty, J & Stowe, J. (2007). Corporate Financial Management. Upper-Saddle-River: Prentice Hall
Damodaran A. (2002) Investment valuation: tools and techniques; 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons: 732 – 752
Flynn, D. Carlos C., Enrico U., & Michael W. (2007) Financial Management; Juta and Company Limited; 21 – 27
A journal entry for the weekly journal illustrating the roles, knowledge, skills, and competencies assumed in five years
Nursing:
Journal Entry
(Author’s name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
Abstract
This paper presents a journal entry for the weekly journal illustrating the roles, knowledge, skills, and competencies assumed in five years. Accordingly, the paper explains the roles and responsibilities of the nursing directors, as well as, the relevant skills, knowledge and competencies required for the successful execution of these responsibilities.
Key Words: Director of Nursing, Acute Care, Knowledge, Skills, Competencies
Director of Nursing in Acute Care Hospital
My role in five years will be as a director of nursing in an acute care hospital. As a director of nursing, I will be responsible for ensuring top-notch performance by the nursing staff in the hospital where I will be employed. Additionally, as a director of nursing in an acute care hospital, I will be required to create and implement standards to be followed in patient care services (Sacks, 2003). In most healthcare facilities, the director of nursing has supervisory duties where he or she oversees the activities of the nursing staff in the healthcare facility. In essence, the director of nursing informs the nursing staff of all healthcare policies and regulations to ensure proper administration of healthcare services for patients. The director of nursing is also responsible for recruiting, retaining, and training of subordinate nurses. Relatively, a job as a director of nursing requires that the director ensure that all legal measures, nursing legislations, and organizational standards are met in the acute care hospital. For that reason, as a director of nursing, I need to maintain both authoritative and sympathetic attitudes towards patients, as well as, the nurses at the chosen facility. Being a director of nursing is a very lucrative job, which sequentially is characterized by high standards and demand for skill and competencies.
Knowledge, Skills, and Competencies
The position as director of nursing demands extensive educational skill and competencies, as well as, nursing experiences. Applicably, I have attained various academic achievements ranging from nurse executives certifications, to memberships a nursing organization. Becoming a director of nursing requires that I attain both a bachelors and a masters degree in nursing, requirements that I have already met today. However, a job as a director of nursing in acute care hospitals requires as much nursing experience as educational certification. At the outset, the director of nursing needs to demonstrate capabilities in employee direction and motivation. This is because the role of the director of nursing gives the candidate supervisory duties over other nurses in the healthcare facility. The director of nursing is tasked with the responsibility of managing the entire healthcare facility, thus needs to take on administrative responsibilities. Irrefutably, the director of nursing needs to have technological knowledge and skills, so as to keep up with the changing technologies. Observably, the healthcare industry is rapidly adapting technological innovations and keeping up with the latest technological advancement is essential for the business. Conclusively, the director of nursing needs to have relevant knowledge regarding current innovations in the medical field. This, in turn, facilitates proper management in the healthcare facility, which is one of the principal duties of the director of nursing. Conclusively, the greatest competency that a director of nursing can have is the knowledge on medical affairs. Knowledge on current medical affairs will assist the director of nursing in implementing medical legislations and policies in the healthcare facility.
References
Dossey, B. M. et al. (2008). Holistic Nursing: A Handbook for Practice. Jones & Bartlett
Learning.
Sacks, T. J. (2003). Careers in Nursing. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.