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The job satisfaction of information technology workers of Louisiana libraries.
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Part 1: Construct Development and Creation
This study will analyze the job satisfaction of information technology workers of Louisiana libraries.
Operational Definition
According to Certin (2006), job satisfaction is measured in terms of the motivation of employees towards performing the respective job. In this regard, high motivation implies that the employees are motivated to do a particular job and vice versa. In his research, Goetting (2004) indicates that the level of employee satisfaction regarding job security, compensation, relationship with peers, relationship with supervisors and availability of the opportunities for individual growth also define job satisfaction. Finally, Barak and Levin (2002) assert that the perception of the company policies by the employees is also used to define job satisfaction. In this respect, employees perceiving company policies positively tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those that perceived the respective policies negatively.
The five items that would be employed in sampling the domain include: sense of belongingness, feeling of acceptance, job autonomy, promotion opportunities, role variables and personality factors. The scaling method employed would be a likert scale comprising of figures one to five. Score one would imply that the employee is least satisfied while score five would imply that s/he is most satisfied. The choice of this scaling method was based on various factors. Normally, these figures best represent the strength or weakness of an individual’s feelings than any other method. The relative interpretations are more expansive and can therefore be considered conclusive. Moreover, it is easier to collect data with this kind of scaling than any mother type. Finally, this would be an interview that would be carried out to Information technology employees in Louisiana libraries.
Part 2: Analysis and Justification
The development of his instrument put in consideration a host of factors that are related to the population in different ways. The main reason for this was to ensure that all variables that constitute job satisfaction are addressed accordingly. Arguably, this would enhance the attainment of conclusive results. As aforementioned, job satisfaction in the Information Technology sector is defined by various variables. This instrument would be given to sixty employees that are working in the various libraries in Louisiana. The choice of this figure was based on the recognition that it is representative of all the information technology workers working in the respective areas. Since there are thirty libraries, each with a distinct Information Technology (IT) department; two individuals from each IT department would be picked upon to be represented in the main sample.
During the choice of this sample, there are various other factors that would be considered to ensure that the ultimate data is representative of all the dynamics of the study. The participants would be required to have worked for the respective institutions for a minimum of thee years. This would be useful in ensuing that the information that they provide is based on informed thought. Fundamentally, working for an organization for this specific period of time gives an individual sufficient time to determine whether they are satisfied with the job or not. After this period of time, the respective employee can be in the best position to make informed and objective decisions regarding his or her experience at the wok place.
Then, this sample would also constitute both White individuals and persons of color. The IT individuals from African descent and Asian descent would also be included in the sample accordingly. In this egad, it can not be disputed that individuals from different racial backgrounds tend to have varied experiences. Their perceptions of various social issues also differ considerably and are greatly influenced by various social, economic and cultural factors. Psychological studies ascertain that these influence the perception of job satisfaction by the employees in different fields. Capturing the varied cultural, educational, social and economic orientations would be vitally important in informing the study accordingly.
Then, the sample would also constitute individuals of different gender. Just as individuals from different racial backgrounds, men have different perceptions of social concerns from their female counterparts. For instance, they establish different types of relationships accord the respective relationships varied meanings. Their leadership approaches and the way in which they address emergent issues also differ considerably. Capturing this in the study would be vital in ensuing that all concerns of both genders in relation to job satisfaction are addressed effectively.
The respondents also need to be IT specialists who have worked for their departments for a reasonable period of time. Reasonableness with regard to employment period would be based on having worked for the department for a minimum of three years. With respect to being IT professionals, this would be important in ensuring that the decisions that are made are also based on a clear understanding of the challenges that individuals in the sector grapple with. Usually, each specialized field tends to have its own challenges that professionals are accustomed to. They have devised certain methods to deal with them that other professionals do not either understand or appreciate.
Educational level is another aspect that would be considered during the choice of the sample. In this regard, the individuals would be expected to have a minimum qualification of s diploma in Information Technology. In this respect, it is worth appreciating that education is vitally important in influencing attitudes and general decision making. Education imparts in an individual important skills and knowledge that are useful for critical decision making. The ability to it to influence attitudes implies that professionals would perceive and approach a problem from varied perceptions. Individuals with the preceding qualifications would undoubtedly understand the complexities of this field as well as the challenges that professionals experience. Coupled with sufficient experience, these individuals would be in the best position to highlight as well as expound on their job satisfaction levels. Further, holders of a diploma understand the standards and regulations that are used to define job satisfaction in the field of specification.
With regard to the age, participants would be required to be above twenty three years of age. At this age, they would probably have sufficient experience to address the relative issues in an objective manner. At twenty three years old, the individuals would also have had sufficient education. The sample would also constitute older individuals that have a different and more objective perception of the issues under review. Furthermore, older individuals would probably have more experience in this particular field. Capturing the relative varied perceptions would be instrumental in making the study more comprehensive as well as conclusive.
Finally, the compensation of the participants was also put in consideration. This is because job satisfaction is greatly influenced by the aspects of compensation. Empirical studies indicate that individuals that have a higher or adequate compensation package are in most instances more satisfied with their jobs than their counterparts. Compensation packages in this regard would range from a monthly pay of $40,000 to $70,000. The main aim would be to determine how the rate of compensation affects job satisfaction and employee retention.
To enhance reliability and validity of the data that would be collected, it would be important to ensure that the participants or respondents satisfy the above mentioned criterion. In addition, it would be important to ensure that participation is voluntary and the individuals are given sufficient time to fill in the information. Evaluation would be done to ensure that the information provided is consistent with the job conditions as well as several other factors including the social and economic statuses of the employees. Also, the researcher would retest the interview schedule after a distinct period of time. This will go a long way in confirming the initial results and ensuring that the data collected is valid and reliable.
In sum, this study evaluates whether the IT professionals in Louisiana libraries are satisfied with their jobs. Various variables would be employed in determining this. In particular, various facets such as relationship with supervisor and peers, compensation levels, working conditions, company policies and opportunities for growth and promotion would be assessed. The likert scale would also be used and the respondents would be interviewed. Further, various factors such as age, education levels, compensation levels and gender would be considered during the choice of the sample. Finally, retests would be done to determine the validity and reliability of the data collected.
References
Barak, M. & Levin, A. (2002). Outside of the corporate mainstream and excluded from the work community: A study of diversity, job satisfaction and wellbeing. Community, Work & Family, 5 (2), 133-157
Certin, M. (2006). The relationship between job satisfaction, occupational and organizational commitment of academics. The Journal of American Academy of Business, 8 (1), 78-88.
Goetting, D. (2004). Attitude and job satisfaction in Louisiana library workplaces. Louisiana Libraries, 67 (1), 12-17
Appendix:
Interview Schedule for Determining the Level of Satisfaction of IT Employees in Louisiana Libraries.
Instruction: Circle Accordingly
a) Level of sense of belongingness
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b) Level of acceptance
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c) Feelings of Job Autonomy
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d) Satisfaction with the job roles
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e) Satisfaction with other personality factors
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The issue of food waste in the U.S. is addressed in articles 1 by Danielle
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The issue of food waste in the U.S. is addressed in articles 1 by Danielle Nierenberg and Abby Massey and 2 that shows the real economic cost if the problem. Article 1 brings a new perceptive by offering adequate data on how the issue of food waste in American cost the country a lot in terms of financial burden. Still, article 2 has offered incredible insights that adds to the outlook of the problem of food waste. One of the most inspiring things about the author’s observation in article 1 is that there is still room for change if all people and local authorities look into what and how to reduce the issue of food waste. In reference to the article’s analysis of the matter, the author makes personal comments where there is incredible advice on what can be done to avert the problem that has become a nationwide issue.
One of the strengths in article 1 is that it offers credible data-backed evidence that makes it easy to read and understand. The author has done incredible research ad compared the food waste in the U.S. by using statistics data. The other key positive aspects of the article are that it does not only hinge its information on the current information but digs back to the pat t show the reader the seriousness of the situation (Danielle & Abby 2020). One of the key elements of the article is that it has been founded on truth and accurate data. The information provided on the article does not only point to a very concerning issue but one that attracts the reader’s attention. There is an incredible accuracy and relevance of the information provided in the article. For example, by looking at the data provided, one is able to conclude that the issue of food waste needs serious attention to ensure balanced development and resource security.
On article 2, the author has also done incredible research that pertains to a topic that is of concern tot many people. The accuracy and arrangement of the information sheds a new light on how the reader wanted to convey the ideas to the reader. There are various aspects of the article flow and coherence of the ideas that makes it unique. One of the positive things is that the reader does not crump all the information in one bit but breaks it down in a unique sequence. The step by step breakdown of the topic by offering credible and relevant information makes the article 2 easy to understand. It is therefore true to say that the author has done incredible research by deriving the right ideas and reliable information about the topic. The article shows that the U.S. loses billions in food waste that adds to the country’s budget weight (Food Production Daily Europe 2020). household food waste alone adds up to $43 billion, that shows that the problem needs to be addressed to save the economy.
While article 1 is well harmonized and adopts a smooth flow, it is masterpiece of accuracy and sheds light on a topic that needs attention in America. One of the facts that is highlighted in the article is that food waste is not only a s social nut economic problem. The millions of dollars that goes into waste in many states in terms of wasted food has a lot of implications on the state of food security in the U.S. the author adds that comprehensive efforts need to be laid to ensure that the country runs on a very well managed food production and consumption platform (Danielle & Abby 2020). These efforts can only make sense if the individual efforts by all persons is brought together that has to include taking personal initiative to ensure proper food usage. The article is not only deriving a positive outlook of the matter but it is also giving hope that the issue can be improved. Moreover, the article gives information that reader can relate in terms of its accuracy. The article is thus developed on data and updated information that looks at how Americans are wasting millions of dollars by disposing food. The author sums up that there is need to have collaborated efforts that will address the issue of food waste in the country.
The second article brings a new outlook into what and how the various aspects into what has become the norm in the U.S. regarding food waste. The authors offer well summarized information that makes it well harmonized an easy to read. The article however fails to give ample data that would be very useful in showing the extent of the matter. Still, the information offered in article 2 does not bring the reader to the past reality and how the matter evolved over time. The article brings a new perspective into an issue that does not only affect Americas directly but indirectly like on basic economics. Article 2 brings the reader to a new outlook on what and how the food waste is both an economic and social problem. “The country has long has been chastised for its willful consumption of the world’s resources, and many aspects of the country’s culture encapsulate what environmentalists disparagingly refer to as today’s “throw-away society.” The article however fails to offer adequate numeric outlook into the matter that would have made it more interesting to read. Statistical outlook of the matter would have helped make the information offered easier to understand and thus readable. The key to using data is that it adds to the weight given in the theoretical information by making it easy to read and relate to the article (Food Production Daily Europe 2020). The article brings a new dimension to what and how the issue of food waste costs the economy billions of dollars annually. The comparison given in the article also brings a new perspective on what and how the Americans continue to fail in their various roles like good resource utilization.
Both articles have made a detailed outlook into what and how food waste in the U.S. looks like and its impacts in the country. Article 1 carries more in-depth information than article 2. The major strengths of article 1 is that it does not only offer the reader with summed up theoretical but shows how the statistical outlook on food wastage looks like in the U.S. article 1 is more detailed, accurate, and offers the right statistics that shows the real value or cost of food waste. For example, the article shows that the U.S. alone loses 100 million tons, or $48 million worth of food annually (Danielle & Abby 2020). This only includes the household cost with basic things like milk and fast foods thus adding to the issue of resource utilization. Article 1 is also easy to read as its outline offers both theoretical and numeric information that allows the reader to see the real impact of food waste. Article 1 is thus more relevant, detailed, and well outlined with comprehensive and cohesive information than article 2.
Works Cited
Danielle Nierenberg and Abby Massey. In a world of abundance, food waste is a crime. USA Today. (June 16, 2010): News: p11A. Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2010 USA Today HYPERLINK “http://www.usatoday.com/” http://www.usatoday.com/
Food Production Daily Europe. Half of US food goes to waste. Breaking News on Food Processing & Packaging – Europe. HYPERLINK “file:///C:/Users/Kitusuru/Downloads/Article%201-%20%20%20half_US_food_goes_to_waste.pdf” file:///C:/Users/Kitusuru/Downloads/Article%201-%20%20%20half_US_food_goes_to_waste.pdf Date Accessed 2020
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The issue of family and love is well addressed in the novel by William Shakespeare known as King Lear
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King Lear
The issue of family and love is well addressed in the novel by William Shakespeare known as ‘King Lear’. It is not right for parents to ask their children, to profess their love towards them. Some children will take advantage of this and lie to their parents just to please, them. King Lear made a serious mistake when he asked his children to claim how much they loved him. In the end, King Lear paid dearly as he wished he had never asked such a question. The latter says that “which of you shall we say doth love us most”. King Lear is asking his three daughters if they actually do love him. He wanted to find out, which of his three daughters loved him, so that he could know how to divide his property among them.
King Lear’s eldest daughter, Goneril was given the opportunity to speak first. She is blinded with greed and professes only attractive words, in order to gain favor from her father. She claims that “Sir, I love you more than words can wield the matter!—dearer than eye-sight, space, and liberty; beyond what can be valued rich or rare!—no less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honor!—as much as child e’er loved, or father found!—a love that makes breath poor, and speech unable! Beyond all manner, of so much, I love you!”This shows the extent, which children will go to, in order to obtain wealth. King Lear’s daughter uses hyperbola in describing how much she loves her father. It is not possible for human beings to compare the love they have for their parent with that of their own life.
King Lear asks the same question to his second eldest daughter known as Reagan. She professes her extreme affection towards her father in the same manner as her eldest sister. She claims that “Sir, I am made of the self-same mettle that my sister is, and prize me at her worth! In my true heart, I find she names my very deed of love!—only she comes too short!—in that I profess myself an enemy to all other joys which the most precious choir of sense possesses!—and find I am felicitate in Your Dear Highness’ love alone!”. King Lear is pleased with what he has heard and thus gives her wealth as a gift. It seems that King Lear is superficial as he wants to hear things that will please him, even if they are not true. His two eldest daughters take advantage of this in order to fool him and obtain favor from him.
Lastly, King Lear asks his youngest daughter, Cordelia to profess her love towards him. Cordelia responds by claiming that she has nothing to say concerning the matter. King Lear is extremely surprised as his other daughters had not behaved in the same manner. Cordelia responds to her father by saying that “Unhappy I am that I cannot heave my heart into my mouth”. This means that the love she has towards her father is in her heart and cannot profess it through her mouth. King Lear is not happy with his daughter and in turn, banishes her from his kingdom. In reality, among all of King Lear’s daughters, Cordelia loves her father the most. It is sad that King Lear wanted to know if his daughters love him. In turn, it is Cordelia who saved King Lear when he was about to lose his life, and the other daughters had abandoned him. In conclusion, it is not right for a king, a father, or any other parent to ask if his children love him.