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The importance of effective leadership in any institution
Effective Leadership
Introduction
The importance of effective leadership in any institution, organization or even country can never be gainsaid as far as the sustainability of that entity is concerned. Needless to say, it is one of the fundamental or basic hallmarks of the most successful entities in the 20th and 21st century, or rather in the contemporary world (Rozman, 2011). Every period comes with its own challenges and opportunities, most of which mark the defining moment for entities. The United States, being one of the most fundamental entities of the 20th and 21st century, has known its fair share of defining moments with the varied presidents in those times being marked as either ineffective or effective. This was especially in the mid-20th century in the middle of the cold war. President Eisenhower and J.F Kennedy are the presidents on the spot, as far as the effectiveness of their leadership is concerned.
President Eisenhower usually created the image of a passive president, thereby prompting the thought that he was ineffective in handling the presidency (Rozman, 2011). However, this may not be necessarily the case especially considering varied aspects of his leadership approach (Rozman, 2011). As a leader, the United States’ president comes as a symbol of unity, who is expected to double up as an uncontroversial representative of the nation. However, the president is also the chief political leader of the nation, in which case he has to take part in solving political problems. Nevertheless, the president of the United States is expected to exercise direct leadership especially considering that he commands attention from virtually everyone irrespective of political or ideological affiliations (Rozman, 2011).
One of the things that marked the effectiveness of Presidents J.F Kennedy and Eisenhower was the charisma and their artful use of words. Scholars note that the private communications of Eisenhower to close associates underline elements of analytic clarity and incorporate realistic and informed accounts of his political strategies (Tucker, 2009). Eisenhower was usually evasive and feigned ignorance of issues that he thought should not be discussed just yet. This was done in an idiomatic and homely manner that propped public confidence and affection for him. Charisma also defined President J.F Kennedy’s tenure. This was complemented by his ability to own up to mistakes as was the case in the Bay of Pigs invasion (Rozman, 2011).
Another thing that marked President J.F Kennedy’s leadership was his scheming capacity, or rather his ability to make decisions as seen during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He clearly understood the United States foreign policy and helped the country to evade a catastrophic nuclear war that could potentially have had devastating effects (Tucker, 2009). He had been advised to place air strikes against Cuba followed by a possible invasion. However, J.F Kennedy instead chose to install a blockade that saw the Soviet Union retreating and an agreement being reached to eliminate missiles from Cuba subject to the elimination of the United States’ missiles in Turkey 6 months later. Kennedy’s ability to make decisions and lead from the front made him an effective leader. This was the same case for Eisenhower. As much as he wanted to contain communism, he was extremely cautious about using nuclear power against communist forces in Vietnam in 1954 in Indochina (Tucker, 2009). This was repeated in 1956 when he declined to allow the use of force after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal. In fact, he put pressure on the Israeli, French and British forces that had occupied the canal to withdraw from Egypt allowing it to retain control over the Suez Canal (Rozman, 2011).
References
Rozman, G. (2011). U.S. leadership, history, and bilateral relations in Northeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tucker, S. (2009). U.S. leadership in wartime: Clashes, controversy, and compromise. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.
the importance of drawing during the mechanical design process
Engineering drawing
Outline
This is a paper that is intended to deal with the importance of drawing during the mechanical design process. This paper will introduce one to some few methods used by space and mechanical engineers in their specialized practice. It will be easy to analyze complex tasks by minimizing them to their personal components, communicate your concepts and thoughts, generating designs concepts to achieve these complex tasks through written reports and engineering drawing. This course will also help one to develop team work skills because in the current world, very few tasks can be handled by an individual. Most of the graduates in the present world will be forced to work in environments that require people to work as team members.
Introduction
Drawing involves formal drafting as well as informal sketching. The goal of engineering drawings can extend to require people to show the importance of drawing within the developmental stages of mechanical design. In addition, the requirements for the future aided designing tools can be implemented to help in the process of engineering drawings. During engineering drawings, the mechanical engineers are taught the process of drafting and sketching. It is evident that most of engineers have skills to make skilled as well as, interpreting formal engineering drawings. The drawings can be the representation of the final design that are intended to archive various completed design to be in touch with other drawers along with the manufacturing personnel. Some engineers tend to be very tarnished for not thinking well so as to come up with some rough ideas (Paré, 2009).
It is very difficult to understand how engineers use both drafting and sketching when performing their tasks, however, understanding this theory in designing is significant because it help in articulating expected expansion of Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems. The question of using the CAD systems in drawing and sketching becomes a more “intelligent” and a significant factor to the engineers. In the past, the attributes of CAD systems were driven from development within the computer manufacturing. Understanding the significances of engineering drawing in the design process is the only factor that makes the systems to be based on design needs (Jensen & Helsel, 2005). This research paper will discuss the importance of engineering drawings, the use of engineering drawing as well as, how they are used today as compared to the past.
Understanding the importance of engineering drawings for the designing process helps the engineers to start establishing various skills needed to be taught during their training. Engineering drawing is classified into different parts which include support notation as well as, graphic representation. The example of support notation includes dimensions, textual notes and calculations while graphic representations include drawings such as objects, as well as, plots and charts. Most engineers usually design graphic representations using scale drawings which are made of CAD computer systems. These types of drawings are defined to be drafted given that they are designed in accord with a set of accepted rules. Sketches as well are free hand drawings, which are not designed into scale, and therefore, the designer can use shorthand notation in representing the object and its function (Venugopal, & Raja, 2011).
Engineering drawings are important because they communicate the ideas of the designers and ideas between the designers and the manufacturing personnel. Research shows that most mechanical engineering designers have reported drawing as the most desired method of an external and internal representation of data. Through drawing, designers have the ability of representing data into their minds as well as, externally on a paper, on the computer screen and other form of media. It is obvious that most designers like to draw and prefer pictures than the written description of an object. As a result, this shows the reasons why drawing representations are presently preferred as opposed to other forms of representations such as texts and propositions (Paré, 2009).
The other importance of engineering drawings is that the drawn diagrams are able to group all the information used together hence avoid the large amount needed elements. For example, texts can only index to the next element within a sentence list while diagrams usually have many adjacent elements. Drawings also preserve the information concerning geometry in addition to topology, hence, allowing the room for easy indexing of the information which supports the process of computation, whereas texts are only serial in nature, is spite of them preserving temporal sequence of information (Jensen & Helsel, 2005).
Engineering drawing acts as an extension of visual imagery in mechanical designing. It is true that without the representation of data on a paper or using media such as computers to the designers, designing can be of a substantive problem. An argument support for this hypothesis can be evident from the designer. For instance, when designers are asked to design something, the first thing that might be noted is that they take a pencil or a chalk just to sketch down on a piece of paper how the object will look like. Drawings use locations so as to group information regarding a single element, hence helps in avoiding the need of matching the symbolic labels. Other types of engineering drawings act as a leeway for the short term memory for the designers. Therefore, the designers regularly make sketches so as to help them in remembering some ideas that they could have forgotten a while ago (Venugopal, & Raja, 2011).
Entrepreneurship, manufacturing, economical knowledge and management are the most common subjects which supports the leaning processes found within Industrial Engineering. Engineering drawing is a subject that has been forgotten yet it should not be forgotten because it is a very important subject. On the other hand, engineering drawing has been forgotten in the learning process because nobody understands its function. In classes, many learners ask many questions concerning engineering drawing like the reason for studying it, rather thanlaying their major focus on entrepreneurship knowledge (Jensen & Helsel, 2005).
The questions asked by learners concerning engineering drawing is wrong because before production of products, these products must be designed in their desirable shape, the shape of their wrappers, their models and the shape e of their symbols. For all these designing process to take place, the essential knowledge is in engineering drawing. Generally, Engineering Drawing is a clear, precision and bright language used at the designing process to pass across some effectual information, solve all the rising problems, clearly and accurately visualize an object and analyze that object (Davis & Juneau, 2008).
The basic purpose of engineering drawing is to grind the skill and give the ability in drawing and reading the machine’s components a produce of mechanized activity. Engineering drawing can also be used to create a product’s program within an industry. Without engineering drawing, it cannot be easy to produce products according to our own plans. Because the outcome can be very different from what we wanted. We cannot produce anything if we lack a proper size, format and shape of the product. The major element of all the activities involved in engineering is the designing of a product. To devise a scheme, one must begin with acquiring the insight about the human essential, then the creation of the product’s concept, development of the product, making the product perfect, manufacturing of the product and finally distribution of the product (Paré, 2009).
In the past, that is until after the Second World War, engineering drawing was done in a very manual way. It was done by a simple use of a paper and pen. But with the new technological changes, there are the computer aided design which makes it very easy to carry out engineering drawing in an electronic manner. Even though engineering drawing is done electronically today, the use of pen and pencil have not yet been stopped. Some of the tools that are used to carry out manual engineering drawing are: pens, inks, pencils, straightedges, French curves, T squares, rulers, triangle, protractors, compasses, dividers, erasers, push or tack pins and scales. Other tools that are also included among the list of the manual engineering drawing are the tables and drawing boards.
The English idiom that states ‘ You should go back to the drawing board’ was derived from the manual engineering drawing which means, rethinking something altogether (Venugopal, & Raja, 2011). This idiom was enthused by the factual act of discovering the errors that were discovered while designing during the production process and returning the product to the drawing board for redesigning. The devices that are used for manual drafting are known as drafting machines and they help in manual drafting by putting together the: pantographs, drawing boards, straightedges and other tools that are used during the drawing process into a one drawing environment. On the other hand, their practical correspondent is provided by the Computer aided design (Davis & Juneau, 2008).
Producing drawing usually entails making an original that is later own reproduced, producing several copies that are to be distributed to the vendor, company archives, shop floor and many others. The typical methods of production entail the white and blue appearances whether blue on white or white on blue and that is why engineering drawing were called blue lines or blueprints and are still called like that even today. The terms used to refer to engineering drawing are outdated from a factual viewpoint because most of the engineering copies done by the modern method are either in multicolor or in black. When we look at the case of (CAD) Computer Aided Design drawings, the inventive is the design printouts files that provide the end resulting imageints (Venugopal, & Raja, 2011).
The design of products is the end result of the person who designed them and the primary stand of developing goods by the producer. The array of the designs of the products by the designer can be attained through some stages in the designing process which is very long. Engineering drawing is very essential and is needed in the industrial engineering. The people who need engineering drawing most are those who study industrial engineering because engineering drawing will help them in their profession as specialized entrepreneurs (Venugopal, & Raja, 2011). Geometry is not only communicated in all engineering drawings but also tolerances and dimensions for distinctiveness. Very many systems engineering drawings have evolved.
References
Davis, P., & Juneau, K. R. (2008). Engineering drawing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
HYPERLINK “http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing-problem-series-3/oclc/41712072&referer=brief_results” http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing-problem-series-3/oclc/41712072&referer=brief_results
Jensen, C. H., & Helsel, J. D. (2005). Engineering drawing and design. New York: Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill.
HYPERLINK “http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing-and-design/oclc/4135387&referer=brief_results” http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing-and-design/oclc/4135387&referer=brief_results
Paré, E. G. (2009). Engineering drawing. New York: Holt.
HYPERLINK “http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing/oclc/783502&referer=brief_results” http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing/oclc/783502&referer=brief_results
Venugopal, K., & Raja, V. P. (2011). Engineering drawing. New Delhi: New Age International.
HYPERLINK “http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing/oclc/278395674&referer=brief_results” http://www.worldcat.org/title/engineering-drawing/oclc/278395674&referer=brief_results
The importance of any motorcycle riders safety
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Introduction
The importance of any motorcycle rider’s safety cannot be overemphasized. For the last few decades, there has been quite a large number of motorcycle accidents, which have left the riders incapacitated while others have had fatal results. While there are varied reasons for occurrences of accidents, there has been debate over whether the results of those accidents would have been less traumatic than that had the riders been wearing helmets. Issues pertaining to wearing of helmets when riding motorcycles have been quite controversial. The National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration reports that, 4955 motorcyclists perished in 2008, in motorcycle accidents. It is noteworthy that 41% of the fatalities were not wearing a helmet (National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, 13). As much as many people feel that wearing of helmets is common sense, quite a large number of motor cycle riders feel otherwise.
First, most motorcyclists are irked by the weight that helmets incorporate. In fact, most motorists opine that these helmets pose a safety risk thanks to their weight. The Mesriani Law Group states that the shape and weight of the helmet is a contributing factor to the breakage of motorists’ necks in an accident. In addition, a motorist’s neck may find the helmet too weighty to support (Mesriani Law Group 14). The problem is compounded in the case of new riders who may be distracted by helmets thereby leading to an accident. On the same note, wearing helmets deletes the whole essence of having a motorcycle. It is noteworthy that motorcycles are usually a reflection of freedom for bike riders. They can feel their hair flying in the wind alongside other elements of their faces (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute, 15). This sense of freedom is entirely lost when a motorist wears a helmet as it confines him, making him feel as if he is in an enclosed vehicle. On the same note, quite a large number of motorists opine that the sides of the helmets’ shield obstruct their peripheral vision while the thick inner liner and thick shell weaken their ability to hear (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute, 18). Anyone would agree that helmets may, in fact, be prejudicial to the safety of the motorists especially when it is compounded with their weight.
Nevertheless, the importance of wearing a helmet cannot be gainsaid as far as the safety of motorists is concerned. According to the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, 1829 out of the total 4955 deaths that occurred in 2008 could have been averted had the motorists been wearing a helmet. On the same note, the American College of Emergency Physicians states that the use of helmets is the single most crucial factor in individuals surviving motorcycle accidents. They help in preventing injury of the brain and head, as well as the nose, eyes, chin and mouth (Kunich, 16). In addition, helmets that incorporate visors would keep debris such as birds, insects, rocks and dirt out of the riders’ eyes.
On the same note, properly certified helmets work by lowering the magnitude of kinetic energy that is transmitted to the rider’s brain, in case of an impact, through spreading the force across its rigid shell. The inner liner of the helmet absorbs the remaining force. According to helmet manufacturers and the NHTSA, the helmet can reduce head and brain injury by 69%. In the case of fatigue, helmets are known to reduce the riders’ fatigue by enhancing the aerodynamics, not to mention the protection offered to the eyes by the face shield (National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, 19). While riders complain that the weight of the helmets is limiting, it is imperative that they understand that their necks would be stressed by the wind velocity that the neck muscles endure in high speeds. Most helmet manufacturers have designed their helmets while incorporating wind tunnels to enhance the streamlined form. This means that the neck muscles are relieved of the stress they would have endured. Some helmet designs have a slip-down inner visor that provides the rider with glare reducing visor, which is crucial during daytime riding, as well as a clear visor useful for night riding.
Whether or not wearing of helmets is mandatory in one’s state, the importance of helmets cannot be gainsaid as far as the safety of the rider is concerned. As much as it may be limiting the comfort of the motorist, it surely does enhance his chances of surviving an accident. As much as the weight of the helmet may weigh down on the head of the rider, the streamlined design eliminates the stress that the neck of the rider would have endured especially in high speeds. For individuals who feel that their hearing abilities are hampered by the helmet, it is worth noting that the flip-down visor that many helmets incorporates provides the rider with glare-reducing visors, which are crucial during for daytime riding, while the clear visors enhance nighttime riding. Evidently, helmets have more advantages than cons especially with regards to enhancing the rider’s safety (Foss and Beirness 23). In any case, one runs the risk of going against the law if he or she does not wear a helmet. I bet that helmets enhance one’s freedom of riding in the knowledge that his head is safe in case of an accident. Nevertheless, it is a matter of determining whether convenience better than one’s safety and life.
Dear Sir/ Madam Re: Scope and purpose of the essay
Purpose
This essay was aims at examining the pros and cons of wearing a helmet when riding a motorcycle. In addition, it aims at rebuffing the myths as to the cons of wearing helmets. In the end, the reader should be able to see the importance of wearing helmets when riding motorcycles.
Lessons learnt
This research provided a new basis for examining the safety incorporated in helmets. Lessons pertaining to the aerodynamics incorporated in the streamlined design of motorcycle helmets quelled earlier fears on the effects of their weight. This research altered my understanding as to the importance of wearing a helmet when riding a motorcycle.
Difficulties encountered
As much as the research topic may be relatively general, there were varied hustles that were encountered. These mainly pertained to the availability of quality materials on the topic. It is noteworthy that most of the materials expressed personal opinions and not the correct information pertaining to the topic.
Enjoyment in the assignment
Nevertheless, the assignment came with a number of upsides. These especially pertained to the varied opinions and comments that most of the writers had posted on the topic, most of which bordered on the hilarious. In addition, getting new insights as to the aerodynamics incorporated in the helmets, as well as the laws governing use of helmets was enjoyable as it was informative.
Why write on the topic
My decision to write about this topic is informed by the fact that I have a passion for bike riding. I have been following the debate as to whether wearing a helmet when riding a bike should be made compulsory with great interest. I am concerned about my safety when riding a motorbike and I was confused as to whether helmets enhance or jeopardize one’s safety.
Annotated Bibliography
National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2008 data. 2009. Print
The traffic safety facts 2008 Data presents information on the motorcycle accidents that occurred in 2008. It also presents data on the number of fatalities who were wearing helmets and those who were not. It also discusses other dynamics that were involved in the accidents such as alcohol and riding of unlicensed motorbikes.
Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute. Our Response to Some Negative Views on Helmets. Web 2012 retrieved May 11, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://www.bhsi.org/negativs.htm” http://www.bhsi.org/negativs.htm
This article examines the varied negative views that motorists have about wearing helmets. Issues such as comfort, cost, safety and helmets dynamics are discussed in this article. It is noteworthy that the article aims at rebuffing the different negative views that people have pertaining to wearing of helmets, especially as concerning comfort, cost, and safety.
Kunich, Thomas. Latest CPSC Helmet Standard and US Fatality Trends. 2002. Web retrieved May 11, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://www.vehicularcyclist.com/kunich.html” http://www.vehicularcyclist.com/kunich.html
This article examines the standards that all helmets in the United States are required to have for them to be passed on to the consumer. In addition, it examines the aspect of safety that helmets come with while presenting interesting facts about the same. The discussion revolves the printed warnings that should be incorporated in the helmets, pertaining to the ability of the helmet to protect the rider after being crashed once.
Mesriani Law Group. The Pros and Cons of Motorcycle Helmets in L.A. 2010. Web retrieved May 11, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://mesrianilaw.blog.ca/2010/08/23/the-pros-and-cons-of-motorcycle-helmets-in-l-a-9225825/rticle” http://mesrianilaw.blog.ca/2010/08/23/the-pros-and-cons-of-motorcycle-helmets-in-l-a-9225825/rticle
This examines the varied inhibitions that people have as pertaining to the use of motorcycle helmets. It presents the advantages and disadvantages that come with the wearing of helmets. In addition, it presents factual information about the importance of wearing helmets while rebuffing some of the negative views that are held pertaining to motorcycle helmets.
Foss, Robert, and Beirness, Douglass. Bicycle Helmet Use in British Columbia: Effects of the Helmet Use Law. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina. 2000
This report aims at examining how effective the implementation of the Bicycle helmet use law has been in British Columbia. It also examines how the use of helmets is distributed according to location, age and sex among other demographics. In essence, it examines the trends in fatalities prior to and after the enactment of the law in 1996.
Works cited
National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration. Traffic safety facts 2008 data. 2009. Print
Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute. Our Response to Some Negative Views on Helmets. Web 2012 retrieved May 11, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://www.bhsi.org/negativs.htm” http://www.bhsi.org/negativs.htm
Kunich, Thomas. Latest CPSC Helmet Standard and US Fatality Trends. 2002. Web retrieved May 11, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://www.vehicularcyclist.com/kunich.html” http://www.vehicularcyclist.com/kunich.html
Mesriani Law Group. The Pros and Cons of Motorcycle Helmets in L.A. 2010. Web retrieved May 11, 2012 from HYPERLINK “http://mesrianilaw.blog.ca/2010/08/23/the-pros-and-cons-of-motorcycle-helmets-in-l-a-9225825/rticle” http://mesrianilaw.blog.ca/2010/08/23/the-pros-and-cons-of-motorcycle-helmets-in-l-a-9225825/rticle
Foss, Robert, and Beirness, Douglass. Bicycle Helmet Use in British Columbia: Effects of the Helmet Use Law. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina. 2000