Recent orders
The health care services are very important to individuals
Introducing Introduction
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Introduction
The health care services are very important to individuals. The quality problem of the health care has been occurring today due to variations in the use of health care services. The underuse and misuse of the health care services have led to quality problems and an increase in costs. The issue of reducing costs while improving the quality of the health services offered to patients has been researched for quite a long time. The literatures have increased over the decade due to increase in society needs of quality health services. In this research, I will review the past studies and try to come up with more advanced views concerning the changes that have taken place (Wickstrøm, et al., 2002).
During the 1990s, health care cost increased, raising the prices in the market. The government implemented policies in order to control costs and people had hopes of relieving since the inflation reduced slightly. In the last several years the health care cost raised again and it has become an important issue to be addressed (Spithoven, 2009).
In accordance to the Harris Poll survey, the participants in health care systems said that the health care system needs change. The dissatisfaction of the health care systems has since increased due to high prices of drugs and low quality of services. Today, researchers and policy makers are rapidly coming up with ways that can reduce the costs and improve the quality of health services. They are either revisiting the past strategies or discovering new approaches that are viable (Wickstrøm, et al., 2002).
Health care costs have grown fast in the last decade burdening consumers, Federal government and the employers. In the United State nearly one quarter of the national spending is spent on in the health sectors. In this paper consumer-friendly approach to health care cost reduction is defined. This research will entail issues like how the health care costs are rising, how the consumers are affected by the costs and if the consumers receive quality health care services (Spithoven, 2009).
Hospital bottlenecks which are avoidable need first to be eliminated to improve the quality of health services offered. Recently, some of the hospitals in the United States have improved the quality of health services offered to their patient. These changes have occurred due to increase in use of refined data collections and modeling tools plugged by the IHO. The information obtained is then used by hospitals to set standards that are used to decide admissions of patients instead of doctors making decisions on individual basis. Patients have differences in perceptions of the health services provided and this can help greatly in solutions of the bottle-neck (Wickstrøm, et al., 2002).
Higher cost spent on the health care system does not mean improvement of the nation’s health. Developed nations like the United State spend more on the health care though the nation, though the quality has not yet improved. The new health system in the United State excludes millions due to the insurance issues meaning that low quality health is experienced. Developing countries cover all their citizens and the cost incurred in health care is less due to lack of funds. Studies show that low quality health care in the developing countries is due to lack of resources. High quality health care is given where the resources are few (Spithoven, 2009).
In this research examination of the current strategies is important to determine whether the costs are reduced. Moreover, strategies that reduce cost are also examined keenly to determine whether the quality is reduced, constant or improved. At the end of reviews I will come up with improved approaches and strategies or new strategies.
References
Spithoven, A. H. (2009). Why U.S. health care expenditure and ranking on health care indicators are so different from Canada’s. International Journal of Health Care Finance & Economics. doi:10.1007/s10754-008-9044-0
Wickstrøm, J., Serup-Hansen, N., & Kristiansen, I. S. (2002). Future health care costs—do health care costs during the last year of life matter? Health Policy.
607 Response to Others
607 Response to Others
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607 Response to Others
I am intrigued by your discussion post because it has provided insightful ideas concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the different vulnerability assessment methodologies covered in the readings. I agree with you that the strongpoints of the Vulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF) are its flexibility, understandability, and scalability. Also, I submit that the primary weakness of this methodology is its focus on assessing interdependencies, which requires using outsourced resources that can introduce confusion in the model outcomes. As regards the RAMCAP methodology, I would like to add one more item to the strengths you have delineated. This additional strength is that this methodology is technically sound and consistent when it comes to identifying, quantifying, analyzing, and communication numerous vulnerabilities and their characteristics.
I concur with you that one of the weaknesses underlying the use of vulnerability assessments is model reliance on qualitative information, which can be inconsistent in risk attribute interpretation. I would add that another weakness of using a vulnerability assessment is that it can miss out on small vulnerabilities because they appear negligible, yet these small vulnerabilities are what attackers seek out and exploit to create instruction codes and sequences. Lastly, I see we share the same sentiments that the RAMCAP is the vulnerability assessment that best befits private sector companies due to its ability to compare entities and assess security resource prioritization. Thank you for such an informative post.
Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure
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Procedural law sets appropriate law to be followed by the law agents in enforcing the law. Procedural rights are fruits of due process in the fifth and fourteenth amendments. The due process sets rules and regulations that prevent the state from depriving an individual of their rights and freedoms. Hence, due process at its core preserves the one’s liberty from the state at the expense of the crime committed and always presumes that someone is innocent. On the other hand, the crime control ideal is chiefly concerned with decreasing crime and maintaining social order. It stresses the practice of discretion and police mighty as a method of rapidly solving crimes, and always works on the assumption that the suspect is often guilty.
Criminal procedure law is obtained from the state constitutions, federal and state statutes, the fourteenth amendment, the US constitution, bill of rights, and the US supreme court decisions. Some of the current interpretations of due process have been determined by the Supreme Court. The search and seizure law is governed in large part by the fourth amendment. The amendment provides residents the right to arbitrary searches and seizures. The amendment has two parts. The warrant clause states that warrants are issued when there is probable cause. The warrant must describe who and where the search is to be conducted. Probable cause is founded on proofs and circumstances within the agents’ understanding that reveal there is a fair probability that a crime has been committed. The fourth amendment prohibits unwarranted arrests. The law provides for situations where an officer can make arrests. For example, persons may be arrested without a warrant when there is probable cause or when there is an arrest warrant. The police are permitted to use appropriate force in apprehending a suspect. The law also guides the conduct of officers in arresting private dwellings. It states that the officers must knock and announce. It also stipulates the exceptions to these rules.
There are various types of seizures. The police may question anyone in public. The stop and frisk form involves the officer stopping someone temporarily and asking them questions and, in some cases patting them down to search their outer clothing. The police are allowed to frisk someone who they suspect to be carrying a weapon for their protection. The other type is vehicle stops, where the police just require the least suspicion of criminal activity. A search is an inspection of an individual’s house, effects, or being himself or herself. The fourth amendment only applies to areas where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. The supreme court decisions provide for warrantless for appropriate situations. The warrant permits the officer to conduct full research on the suspect and in the lunge area. Police can seek consent from an individual without any probable cause. It must, however, be voluntary and intelligent. It is also restricted to both time and space and also necessitates appropriate power to consent. Vehicles do not inherently require a search permit. The fourth amendment does not relate to the plain view dogma. The doctrine limits the seizures of items to those that they can see. The use of other senses to make seizures requires the issuance of a warrant. The other areas where the law makes exceptions are open fields and abandoned property.
The sixth amendment provides individuals with the right to the assistance of legal counsel. This concurs with the requirements of the bill of rights that necessitate courts to provide defendants a fair hearing. The fifth and sixth amendments standardize circumstances that include cross-examination of criminal defendants and identification processes. They emphasize that a person should not be compelled to incriminate themselves. The Miranda decision applies in custody and interrogations. However, there are several exceptions to the Miranda rules like routine traffic stops and sobriety checkpoints. The confrontation clause allows the accused to be confronted with the witnesses against him or her. Ex parte absent witness accounts are prohibited in criminal trials. The sixth amendment offers the defendant the right to have an obligatory procedure of attaining witnesses in their favor. The accused may therein compel favorable people to testify on their behalf. The exclusionary law consigns that any proof acquired by the administration in abuse of the fourth amendment against irrational searches and seizures is inacceptable in a criminal trial. The rule is hotly debated on the basis that it throws away good evidence. It is a battle of the due process model versus the crime control model.
References
Book review