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535 M7D Case Study – Network Management & Telcom Policy
535 M7D Case Study – Network Management & Telcom Policy
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535 M7D Case Study – Network Management & Telcom Policy
Telecommunication has become one of the key drivers for any institution that targets steady growth increase profits as well as satisfaction of customers and externally imposed obligations. Despite the costs that come with the installation of LAN, organizations have invested heavily in this technology since this benefits derived there from exceed the costs by far (Gokhale, 2004). However, there are various problems affecting network connectivity especially the local area network. These could range from downtime or the network taking too long to load, power failure, users complaining that they cannot save a file to a network drive and many other issues. A number of problems in the network could include faulty NIC cables switch or rooter. An incorrect client software configuration a server failure or a user error could also be another source of problems (Cunha & Varajao, 2010).
The biggest problem in a client server environment is downtime. This has often led to the loss of dissatisfied customers and a number of other consequences. It is therefore, important to identify when the problem began, if the network server or network station is working properly, when the problem began to appear, how long it has been there and how persistently they do appear (Lehman & Dufrene, 2010). For example, the causes of physical layer problems manifest as a continuance or intermittent inability to connect to the network. This could be due to segment or network length that exceeds the IEEE maximum standards, noise affecting a wireless or wire bound signal, improper terminations and damaged cables among other problems.
In a bid to counter these problems new solutions have been discovered. For example, investment of new technology in terms of advanced and superior equipment outsourcing where possible maintaining updated backups incase data is lost use of virtual private network bandwidth in LAN to eliminate network complexities has also been a notable development. This is because it is cheap compared to engineering. Multiple replication channels that insulate against network failure are also being adopted (Singh & Raja, 2010). After an evaluation of these alternatives, it is exceptionally important to carry out a cost benefit analysis of the proposed solutions since the main aim of each organization is cost minimization. Telecommunication includes data and voice, and is regarded by management as a cost of doing business. Therefore, management strategies are always geared towards cost control and optimization.
The first step is always to identify any expected benefits that are likely to accrue from any investment. These can be categorized as hard benefits such as reduced dial out voice communication cost decreased IP-PBX maintenance costs reduced travel cost and control of overnight package shipment costs. On the other hand, soft benefits are result that are expected to be good to the company but are more difficult to quantify or even identify (Rosengrant, 2007). These include improvement in productivity of call handlers in the customer service area or reduced cycle times required to develop new products. After it has been identified that a real situation does exist it needs to be evaluated in terms of functionality and returns. Therefore, it is important to carry out a return on investment on a number of the alternatives highlighted in the succeeding paragraph.
The virtual private network (VPN) has emerged as an effective strategy for many businesses for meeting performance and cost requirement (Singh & Raja, 2010). The VPN implementation has been evaluated and has emerged that a new breed of VPN results in a significant return on investment since it reduces costs increases user and IT productivity and saves revenue by reducing downtime. The VPN also makes additional revenue generation possible by the solutions. The VPN has also resulted in an average payback period of 211 days.
Protocol analyzer is also another device that has become increasingly adopted. This tool is nowadays used as a proactive network management (Cunha & Varajao, 2010). They are used to alert the IT personnel before problems arise and this has greatly contributed to a reduction in costly network downtime that has relatively saved on costs. The device mirrors traffic from a single port to a monitoring port capturing traffic on that port and provides expert mode analysis. The device provides speedy return on investment by reducing the time required to troubleshoot network related problems.
The AMPTRAC is also a new connectivity management system that provides intelligent automated management of the physical layer of corporate networks combining TYCO electronics AMPNETCONNECT cabling systems (Gokhale, 2004). This is coupled with real time infrastructure management software that promotes the enterprise CIOs to minimize network downtime, reduce staff work workload and streamline the moves and changes that compromise network uptime. The system provides longtime assurance that CIOs can manage the network cabling intelligently and with confidence. This system provides benefits thus maintaining and troubleshooting the network cabling system. It also provides stringent security protection. This leads to efficient management of a corporate network. Investment in upgraded or updated technology is also seen as one of the solutions (Cunha & Varajao, 2010).
It is noticeable that the use of band width in the LAN used to eliminate complexities in the network environment because of its cost relative to engineering has also attracted some corporations. After a keen evaluation of all the proposed solutions the virtual private network has emerged to have the greatest advantages and should be adopted as the best solution to internet downtime because the companies that have adopted it have realized an average return on investment of six hundred and thirty nine percent with an average payback period of two hundred and eleven days (Cunha & Varajao, 2010). The VPN are with time maturing from the best effort networks to business class enterprise solutions as they offer significant performance reliability and cost advantages to businesses with mission critical IP applications.
Since companies are geared towards technologies that will provide an upper hand in product development and time to market carriers need to be of lower cost, have a lower maintenance and be more efficient to make the companies more competitive (Rosengrant, 2007). Technology that increases the speed accuracy and efficiency and personal transactions will be more preferred. However, since the corporations do not use their own developed or manufactured equipments the managers of these mission critical networks proposes that the best strategy is to make every vendor responsible for any network downtime. They are calling for a collective bargaining and cooperation among the various players to be able to counter the problem for a sustained growth (Anttalainen, 2003).
References
Gokhale, A (2004). Introduction to telecommunications. Victoria. Cengage Learning.
Anttalainen, T (2003). Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering. Norwood. Artech House Inc.
Rosengrant, M (2007). Introduction to telecommunications. Edition2. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Lehman, C & Dufrene, D (2010). Business Communication. Edition16. Cengage Learning.
Singh, R & Raja, S (2010). Convergence in information and communication technology: strategic and regulatory considerations. World Bank Publications.
Cunha, M & Varajao, J (2010). E-Business Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for SMEs: Driving Competitiveness Premier Reference Source. Idea Group Inc (IGI).
Criminal Procedure Week 12 CD
Criminal Procedure Week 12 CD
Patriot act is used by the congress in the United States. On October 26 2001, this law was signed by the then United States president George Bush. This act reduced limitations in agencies enforcing law by gathering needed intelligence in United States. Additionally, the law extended the authority of the treasury’s secretary in regulating financial transactions, specifically those that involved foreign entities and individuals. It also broadened law enforcement discretion and the authorities of immigration in deporting and detaining immigrants suspected to be terrorists. This act also extended terrorism definition by including domestic terrorism thereby increasing the various activities whereby United States patriot act’s extended law implementation powers can be applied (Smith, 2009).
By taking America’s privacy, patriot act taps wire and checks what an individual is doing in a library. This is to scare off the drug dealers, pedophiles and terrorists doing illegal businesses (Smith, 2009). When deciding to detain an immigrant in the proceeding of noncriminal deportation, two considerations are put into place. The first one is whether or not the person is expected to go through tortures in case he or she is deported back in their country. The second consideration is whether or not the person detained is guilty of a certain crime such as felony, moral turpitude and serious misdemeanors.
In conclusion, lawful enemy combatants are members of recognized political armies or military. On the other hand, unlawful enemy combatant are members of revolutionaries that are not known by a given government. Detention of immigrants due to their status is related with incarceration. It also raises questions if this detention is equivalent to the governmental aims of immigration policies. Many nations hold these immigrants in their prisons (Council on Foreign Relations, 2002).
References
Smith, C. S. (2009). The Patriot Act: Issues and Controversies. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher.
Council on Foreign Relations. (2002, December 12). Findings Report: Enemy Combatants and the Geneva Conventions. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved March 14, 2013, from < http://www.cfr.org/international-law/findings-report-enemy-combatants-geneva-conventions/p5842 >
developing a critical analysis that will look into whether experiencing a building is individual or personal
On Affect
Introduction
In situations when one visits or gets an experience with buildings, whether they are historical, contemporary, buildings which have very different backgrounds culturally or even the ones of our very own culture a possibility that one will be affected in one way or another by the said buildings. The term ‘affect’ can be defined as one that produces change or effect in the individual who is having experience on the actual building (This is on the base level). From the architectural perspective, the term could mean harboring emotions, feelings or even making the experiencer’s mind be impressed. Even if the the mind’s intellectual impressing could suggest a reaction that is positive, the triggering emotion’s notion could either be negative or even positive. People will have different experiences on one building hence will have different stimuli, express different views which are from the liking and disliking the perspective of the building fully or partially.
The paper will focus on developing a critical analysis that will look into whether experiencing a building is individual or personal or whether it relies on the assumptions or agreements among certain groups of people, professionals or subcultures. It will also look at the extent in which the response and interpretation depend on the prior knowledge, experience or education or taste. I will continue to look into the way architects build on special effects and qualities of designs which are able to trigger emotions that are positive to the audience, and the way they get to know that the effects will be able to work on the intended ways. Towards the end, I will look at whether the architecture audience is pre established so that the positive or negative reactions from illiterate people is irrelevant and only the ones from the educated architectures are accepted with seriousness as they have informed and intelligent views.
Emotions
People have always talked of the way people’s emotions are affected by architecture. However we also need to ask ourselves how emotions affect designs. People need to be very courageous to be in a position to talk about the way they feel when they are invaded by emotions. At this moment, the feelings are negative. The ones who ate in a position to express themselves will laugh, cry, talk, shout or even scream. Others will show their emotions through things such as creative expressions sometimes done unconsciously (Word press, 2010). It is possible to look at the architectural movements which have been in the past which would give an idea of what caused certain situations for instance what could be created by an architect who is relaxed, or sad. Le Corbusier who taught architect for a long time later thought that whatever he had taught throughout his career was wrong. He later created a Ronchamp, France which was meant to prove this. One thing that is evident in this field is the fact that the experience which is obtained over many years of learning and practicing is a major factor in the evolution that an architect undergoes. This is true in any field all together. However, emotions play a great role in the lives of artists.
Some times people do not like to accept the fact that our feelings affect the things we do or create and imagine that it is the external agents that inspires what we do. This feeling is as a result of the fact that we feel it could reduce the extent of seriousness we have on the same. It is important however to look at it as an idea of enriching so that the moment we learn and be able to control by utilizing the emotions that are positive, we could have a better emotionality level when it comes to the buildings.
Change
Change in architecture and buildings is seen to be a paradigm shift which embraces transience in life and culture of today which advocates for change. The architecture has always been in the service of providing shelter and protection, memorialize and contain our lives and enterprises. The architecture has been able to work hard and provide better buildings. The buildings made have been able to adopt and withstand forces of elements and time. This calls for very enduring mind and also durable materials. The current trend is such that we are provided with very many trends, styles and other different changes. New methods to sustain the adaptability of the buildings in the world has started and is called architecture of change. It is able to make people free from environments and buildings that are bland boxes which are made up of mute walls and immutable materials. This makes architectures be in a position to design buildings with emotion so as to be able to deliver experiences which are controlled by meaning as well as content. The design as well as architecture shows culture’s ideas, traditions and values. Now that we are very much mutable and the initial world which is built has mostly been about permanence, new tools are required to be in a position to reflect the society. The change in architecture designs make use of information that is refreshable, contents, messaging, images, luminosity, transparency, digital technologies and activity as major components used in choreographing and shaping the social experience. The main target is on the setting of people stages for the roles and lives making use of the communication as a medium and message (Foy, 2004).
People hold the believe that the buildings are used as a means to be able to strengthen the traditions and counterchange them as well as confirm the presence of the cultural values. There is however the need to be in a position of sharing information, perpetuate myths, tell stories, knowledge and lessons through the structures. Some of the evidences of this in the early days include the Egyptian tombs which have hieroglyphic tattoos, the early Asian and South American temples which have sculptures and also bas reliefs, the Palaces and Cathedrals are full of paintings, mosaics, murals, glass windows that are stained all with messages. On the other hand, if we consider the current generation which has been trained digitally are able to process several images which are interactive. The importance of telling narrations on buildings to cultures of media savvy and also possibilities of having the technology that is digitally empowered may combine to make places where one is very much likely to become engaged in sight, sound, thought and touch.
References
Word Press.com. (2010) Emotional Architecture. Word Press. Com Retrieved from JuhaniPallasmaa( the eyes of the skin