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The number of newborns that pass away before turning one is known as the infant mortality rate
The number of newborns that pass away before turning one is known as the infant mortality rate. Since New York City’s infant mortality rate is greater than the national rate, more babies there die before becoming one year old than in other regions of the nation. The Bronx has the highest infant death rate, and babies of African American and Hispanic descent have the highest rates as well. Knowledge can be created using this information regarding how to enhance the health of newborns in City of New York. It can be used, for instance, to create specialized interventions that will enhance the health of babies of African Americans and Hispanic descent in the Bronx.
I could also use the information generated from the charts to inform community based RNs and other healthcare staff about the situation of infant mortality in the city and especially among marginalized groups. This would form the basis upon which urgent interventions can be based to help remedy the situation in New York City. The city would also utilize the information I generate to help determine budgetary allocation towards healthcare with the aim of ensuring that Hispanic and African-American communities are allocated more resources to help improve their health standards which in return can significantly help address the issues of infant mortality rates.
Criminal Justice Personnel Opportunities
Criminal Justice Personnel: Opportunities
Law Enforcement & intelligence support careers
Under this category, there are field that local agencies support, and they include county, city, or state law agencies while others are under federal support as discussed below; however not all are discussed since they are numerous. Examples of the Federal Agencies are:
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
The agency recruits agents to carry-out investigations on crimes, analyze business verifications for proofs of professional crimes, provide undercover duties, track stolen properties across the state lines and gather evidence of intelligence. The agents are particularly responsible for investigating crimes such as copyright encroachment, civil rights infringement, organized offenses like kidnappings. Careers available include Intelligent Analyst (present in all federal agencies), Evidence Technician and Program analyst. Others are Computer Forensics Analyst, Forensic Psychologist, and Forensic Analyst/Crime Lab positions that are also present in the secret service bureau (Cole et al, 2012).
Drug Enforcement Agency is responsible for controlling of illegal drugs. Hence, DEA agent can be assigned to carry-out investigations on suspected drug trafficking, trail U.S drug-related activities or spy on a drug trafficking ring abroad (Cole et al, 2012).
U.S Marshals who are responsible for almost all federal law enforcement actions, and are authorized to arrest federal renegades. They are also charged with protection of the federal judiciary and moving federal detainees.
Under Immigration and Neutralization Services, employment opportunities include immigration inspectors, criminal investigators, and border and immigration agents. Their responsibilities include patrolling the borders, controlling illegal logging, interview and inspect passports of individuals seeking admission to the U.S.A and at times they can be assigned to detect smuggling of illegal drugs (Cole et al, 2012).
U.S. Custom, inspectors maintain control of incoming baggage and merchandise from vehicles, trains, vessels and aircrafts. The duty is to prevent unauthorized entry of contraband in the country.
Bureau of Firearms, Explosives, Alcohol, and Tobacco, employ agents to inspect defiance of federal laws regarding tobacco, alcohol, explosives and firearms. Other duties may include customs fraud, narcotics and child pornography etc.
Other positions under local support include; Dispatcher, Computer Forensic, Police Academy Instructor, Crime Prevention Specialist, Forensic Technician, Crime Scene Technician, Crime Scene Support, Law Enforcement Intelligent Analyst and Crime Analyst (Cole et al, 2012).
Human Service and Victim Support Opportunities
Under this category, opportunities available for a Criminal Justice Personnel are a Social Worker, Child Protective Service Worker, Subsistence Abuse Counselor, Juvenile Residential Treatment, Juvenile Probation Officer, Social Service Worker, Witness/Victim Support Worker, Juvenile Detention Officer and victim Services Administrator, which can be present in court, private and non-profit agencies.
Court and Legal support Opportunities
The positions are as follows: Court Clerk who is in charge of public relations, revenue collections, and court procedure and records. Law Clerk, facilitate prosecutors and judges with crafting and evaluating memoranda, regulations, and other legal files. Court Administrator, responsible for; hiring and training personnel, supervising court calendar and managing case flow. Other fields are court Liaison, court interpreter, Jury Selection Psychologist, victim advocate, meditation specialist, special advocate for juvenile, Court Reporter etc (O’Connor, 2011).
Federal
Deputy U.S Marshal
Special agent
Investigative Specialist
Special Agent
Detention Enforcement Officer
Aviation Enforcement Officer
Federal Police Officer
Border Patrol Agent
Immigration Enforcement Officer
Federal Air Marshal
Airport Screener
Local
Deputy Sherriff
Park Police
Police Officer
Airport and Campus police
State Highway Patrol
Animal Control officer
Alcohol Regulation Enforcement Officer
Fish and Game Warden Officer
Civil Code Enforcement Officer
Correctional Agency careers
Correctional Officer
Healthcare Advisor
Probation Officer
Prisoner counselor
Prisoner Reentry Advisor
Probation officer
Psychologist
Parole Officer
Correctional Educator
Correctional Administrator, whose role is to train staff, and manage prison operations.Case Manager, whose responsibility includes evaluation of inmate progress and behaviors, counsel prisoners, and assist the inmates in preparation for discharge from custody.
Prisoner Classification Officer, who interviews prisoners, gathers criminal and social records and provides proposals for rehabilitation services.
Criminal justice personnel have wider employment opportunities that extend to managing and operating justice programs such as Domestic Violence Prevention/ Awareness Programs to research employment, i.e. crafting and transforming justice policies. In most cases, the criminal justice careers are in to police, correction, probation and security groupings (O’Connor, 2011).
Detectives and Police Officers
Detectives are in charge of evidence collection, when a crime occurs. They examine the scene, analyze documents, conduct interviews, and arrest suspects. In many cases, they specialize in investigating certain kinds of crime like fraud and homicide. Detectives normally perform their duties in ordinary clothes and frequently work on irregular hours (Harr & Hess, 2010).
The categories are remarkably familiar compared to other criminal Justice personnel. The works of regular police officers differ, according to the area covered by the municipality for which they work. For instance, in a small police force, one officer can handle many aspects of the employment, i.e. from patrol to paperwork, while where police forces are larger, the officers tend to specialize.
They can patrol using vehicles, motorbikes, horsebacks, etc. The job as a police officer is riskier as they have to respond to emergencies. Though, not all jobs are dangerous as some can be assigned to courtrooms, to keep order. The officers’ responsibilities are to keep records about their duties, and write thorough reports in case the court needs them to testify (Harr & Hess, 2010).
Probation Officers
The officers are responsible for supervisions of individuals who are serving probation sentence. The field, specialized in probation, is in charge of employing of correctional treatment specialist, probation and juvenile officers. The officers specialize in the matter concerning people under probation, juveniles, or people serving a jail term. Their duties include meeting with the groups either at their correctional centers or homes. The officers have to make reports concerning the offenders’ progress, give update on conformity with the terms of the verdict. The correctional treatment specialists and probation attend to criminal offenders, and some can be dangerous. Consequently, their services can be required in high-crime areas.
Correctional Officers and Security guards
The positions require a high school education and blameless conduct while a college degree is optional, unless it is a supervisory job. Greater numbers of correctional officers work as guards at federal and state prisons. Security guards deployed in shopping malls, industry sites, private properties, etc. to prevent theft-related acts.
Entry level salaries
Law Enforcement
The entry-level for state jobs begins at around $39,500; however some agencies like U.S marshals can start out at $46,000. The starting pay for State jobs is about $34,000 on average and varies from 3,000 to 5,000, in the positive direction. For county jobs, it is at around $29,000 and cities vary from $31,000 to $41,000 depending on the city. The figures are averaged, and most agencies will prefer to start one on a low pay, then followed by a bigger pay. Promotions may also count on ones salary; therefore, one has to work extra hard to get promotions (O’Connor, 2011).
The Courts
Court Supported jobs, such as parole and probation, have widely varied salaries. Start out pay varies from $30,000 to $40,000. However, entry levels pay for federal positions range from $40,000 to $55,000 considering ones experience. Besides having a college degree, Pre-employment in an investigation or corrections duty is the best for preparation (O’Connor, 2011). College interns are also permanently hired judiciary branch of criminal justice system. This is due to the assumption that anyone ready to accept working in such a chaotic and confusing environment is worth keeping.
Corrections
Correctional entry pay level varies depending on the state. The average is about $33,000, nationally, with some states like Arkansas beginning with fairly low pay while states like New York starting highly. However, here one expects to receive regular salary increment every year together with easy-earn merits increases until one is receiving about $40,000 or above by the 5th year. Because of higher rates on labor turnover, promotions are particularly frequent under this sector (O’Connor, 2011).
Employment opportunities under the criminal justice have several fringe benefits that include: equipments, a take-home vehicle, clothing, tuition reimbursement, allowances, education incentive pay, paid holidays and vacations, a pension plan, family benefits, insurance, medical leave, and opportunity to undertake early promotional exam (Harr & Hess, 2010).
For one to maximize income possibilities, s/he has to opt for bigger agencies that have several job titles particularly those that are civilians. Another factor is the size of cities, i.e. bigger cities have a better pay package than smaller cities (Harr & Hess, 2010).
O’Connor, T. (2011). “Employment in Criminal Justice” MegaLinks in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www.drtomoconnor.com/employ.htm
Harr, J. S. & Hess, K. M. (2010). Careers in criminal justice and related fields: from internship to promotion. Australia; Belmont, CA; Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Print.
Cole, F. G. Smith, C. E. & DeJong, C. (2012). The American System of Criminal Justice. Wadsworth Cengage learning. Print.
2 parts Advertisement done with log for the financial review in Sydney and a case study report
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2 parts Advertisement done with log for the financial review in Sydney and a case study report
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2 parts Advertisement done with log for the financial review in Sydney and a case study report
Abstract
Executive assistants mingle about office duties like typing, scheduling meetings, and taking calls. Their duties require specialized training, as their roles are becoming more sophisticated. This field is expected to grow at a rate of 13% in the next ten years, and more of these jobs will be found in construction, healthcare, and educational institutes. From the BLS reports, the median annual earnings for executive assistants were $43520 as of May 2010. Most employers were colleges, universities, and other academic institutions, with average earnings of $44680.
Becoming an executive assistant one requires to have some educational credentials to succeed in the dynamic business market. Some common courses include typing, computer applications, business law, records and information management, office administration, and business communication.
Introduction
An executive assistant plays a crucial role in an organisation. In the ever changing business environment, it is the executive assistant’s job is to assist the key decision maker to stay focused, effective, and a better leader. The key skills of this position are excellent communication, creativity, and ability to work independently.
Given that the tasks involve being in charge of managing most of the support activities within the administrative sector, that is, ascertaining that ideal operations of the senior management team carries out all the goals of the organisation. Normally this job entails being an office manager or working as a secretary to the managers of a company. Hancock Pty Ltd is a small firm wishing to recruit an office manager, this position has three direct report; the receptionist and two administrative staff.
Critical Skills of Senior Executive Assistants
In the ever changing office environment, the critical skills required of an effective senior executive assistant is communication. How the incumbent interacts with peers and other decision makers is paramount on how ideas exchange across the organisation. Other vital skills are interpersonal effectiveness, project management skills, financial planning abilities, and effective writing skills.
Writing Skills
Effective writing skills are particularly essential for an office manager to put the right words on paper quickly. Therefore, they must be able to communicate more clearly, concisely, and persuasively. Words matter and an effective office assistant must learn, develop, and enhance how to use them. The key areas that require effective principle of writing: successful correspondence, message shaping, writing to the point, avoiding writing traps, diplomacy and politics, refining the writing, and managing minutes in a meeting.
Communication Skills
An outstanding executive assistant should possess soft skills, and abilities to maximise appropriate communication skills for personal and professional potential. The positive traits needed include; self awareness, personal openness, conflict handling, frustration and stress control, assertiveness, and making commitments to development. Appropriate communication skills are key to developing a positive image, giving and receiving feedback, presenting ideas with confidence and clarity. Commitment to personal development is related to making choices and managing personal change, building self esteem and emotional intelligence, developing networks, having creative visioning abilities, and being results oriented. Being assertive implies being able to understand both external and internal sources of conflict, ability to gauge the expectations of others, developing self confidence, and having behaviours and words that count.
Project Management Skills
Project Management skills are a must for executive assistants, they must have the ability and structure to manage short term and long term projects.
The incumbent should act as a central partner interacting with all the departments, checking budgets and schedules. They should be aware of factors that affect projects success or failure, developing and implementing classic ways of managing them, understanding customer needs for effective project initiation, planning, implementation and control. The appropriate office manager should be able to deal with the unexpected, communicate the right things to the right people at the right time. They must also have excellent project closing skills, and must be able to appreciate the importance of communication within a project team. They must be confident and able to accept responsibility for new projects, ability to identify, and apply appropriate tools to effectively manage the processes. Hancock needs people who can stay in control of projects in dynamic business environments, and dealing with unexpected setbacks.
Financial Skills
Basic financial skills are necessary for this position. An understanding of figures that give information on the business is key to better supporting the manager with preparing reports and analyses. The executive assistant must be able to talk the language of finance and accounting, financial statements, financing international business, business plan preparation, and preparing meaningful budgets.
The incumbent should have a basic understanding of how financial tools are applied in planning, measuring, and controlling an organisation’s performance. They must possess a deep awareness of the economic environment and its impact on the company with sound abilities to spot facts and figures that might affect the business. Knowledge of the function and fundamentals of accounting is essential to the construction of the profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, statements of sources and uses of funds, and statements of retained earnings. Understanding the inter-relations between these statements is necessary coupled with the company’s annual financial report.
Benefits, salary, and salary packaging options
The aims of salary options is to provide employees access to fringe benefits, support in house payroll staff, tax planning professional advice and information to employees regarding salary packaging to obtain best results from remuneration. Salary packaging varies across agencies, and subject to frequent changes. The tasks, roles, and duties of executive assistants will determine the salary range. Other factors are influence the wage are period, years of work, type of company, level of education of employee, current economic conditions, and work experience.
The cost employment benefits is up to a maximum amount equal to fringe benefit tax free cap of $17000 per annum for public benevolent institutions under Australian taxation law. This amount is based on grossed up taxable value of the benefits given. Therefore, the maximum dollar value of benefits that employees can package without creating a fringe benefit tax liability is $9094 per annum.
Salary Trends
According to National Salary Data, in the USA, the salary ranges from $31710 to $67605 per annum according to March 2012 data. Bonuses range from $194.95 to $7366 per annum. While profit sharing ranges from $507 to $6748 per annum. This makes the total pay to range from $30151 to $68963 per annum. However, these values will vary depending on the factors named above. Senior Executive assistants’ salaries range between $36220 to $78936. Executive Assistants to the CEO range between 31507 and $75228. Executive Secretaries or Administrative Assistants earn between $23498 and $53995. Gender also seems to affect the salary level with females earning more than males. The more educated one is the more the earnings and vice versa, and the pay is commensurate with years of experience.
Conclusion
Executive assistant duties and roles lies between the roles of business executives and clerical employees. As automation is picking up in offices, the more the jobs become complicated and varied. Organisation and flexibility with multitasking abilities will see the job description evolving to somewhat taking up some of the roles handled by executives.
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