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Preliminary Research on Chinas Translation Market
Preliminary Research On China’s Translation Market
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934935” Abstract PAGEREF _Toc376934935 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934936” A Preliminary Research on China’s Translation Market PAGEREF _Toc376934936 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934937” I． Status quo of China’s translation market PAGEREF _Toc376934937 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934938” II. Main problems in China’s translation market PAGEREF _Toc376934938 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934939” a) Small translation scale without forming an industry PAGEREF _Toc376934939 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934940” b) Large in number, low in quality PAGEREF _Toc376934940 h 4
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934941” c) Fierce in competition, lower in price PAGEREF _Toc376934941 h 5
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934942” e) Huge gap of translation talents, severe shortage of teachers PAGEREF _Toc376934942 h 6
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934943” III. Suggestions on promoting the sound development of China’s translation market PAGEREF _Toc376934943 h 6
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934944” Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc376934944 h 10
HYPERLINK l “_Toc376934945” References PAGEREF _Toc376934945 h 11
AbstractIn the last few years, China’s Translation market has experienced an unprecedented growth both in revenue and customer base. There is huge number of translators who have dedicated their lives to translation as a career. The scope is wide with individuals translating Chinese language into most of the international languages like French, Germany, English, Russia, Portuguese, Spanish and even Mandarin. Translation has also been done even unto small and less known African languages like Swahili and Kiganda. This has mostly been attributed to big population, technological advancements and flexible immigration procedures that China offers. In 2005 alone, this industry recorded a staggering RMB 20 billion in revenue. This clearly shows it is a great industry in the economy that can not be ignored.
This notwithstanding, this flourishing industry has had its own major share of challenges. The first one being poor regulation from the authorities. This has led to mushrooming of bogus training centers that has literally brought down the quality control on its knees. Therefore, to survive in such disturbed waters the players in the industry have resorted to throw quality concerns out of the window and charge abnormally low fees to get clients. Another challenge is that of customers who are not bothered with the quality issue. This is may be because most of them take translation as mere pass time activity and hence issue of paying more to get good quality training is more of a luxury than a necessity.
This is the reason as to why I am writing this preliminary research. I want to critically examine China’s translation market in the past, present and what is the likely future of this mult billion RMB industry. The research begins by exploring the status quo of China’s translation market though in a brief manner. This is then followed closely with an in-depth analysis of the principal problems facing the Chinese translation market. This has been widely explored so as to establish the best way to move forward. In the third section, I attempt to examine some of the possible solutions to the problems or challenges that had been discussed in section two. This is purely on my own research and understanding hence does not in any way intend to intimidate, undermine or further still endorse other people’s findings and research on the same topic. My greatest hope is that the industry regulators in particular and all of us in general will borrow one or two ideas from the final findings of this research that will be of importance to them as far as quality control in the translation industry is concerned.
I close my preliminary research on China’s translation with a short conclusion on what I have learnt from the study undertaken.
A Preliminary Research on China’s Translation MarketResearch objectives
The major research objective of this preliminary research is to explore the past, present and future of China’s translation market. Another major objective will be to determine as to what exactly can be done to improve the quality of China’s translation market. This will be the centre piece of this research proposal that all the other areas will be revolving around.
I． Status quo of China’s translation marketTranslation is a traditional industry with a long history, which plays an important role in the development of the national economy and opening to the outside world; and in the era of global economic integration, it has become one of the world’s most popular industries. Particularly, as the accession to the WTO of mainland China, the translation market is developing rapidly at an unprecedented rate. At present, the annual output value of the global translation market is more than 13 billion U.S. dollars; however, Asia-Pacific region accounted for 30%. The size of China’s translation market is 11 billion Yuan and it is expected to break through 40 billion Yuan in 2011, and China’s translation market has a huge space for development. With the expansion of the scope of Internet applications and e-commerce market’s maturing, this value will continue to increase.
By 2007, the market size of translating the foreign language on a web page into the native language services will reach $ 1.7 billion. At the same time, enterprises, institutions and personnel engaged in the translation services are also in a rapid increase. According to the information provided by the Translators Association of China, after nearly a decade of development, there are nearly 3,000 translation companies registered in the Mainland China where Beijing has 400. The types and methods of services are growing proliferation, which including human translation, machine translation, software translation and website localization and so on. The echelon building of services personnel are increasingly taken seriously. There is a translation team of nearly 500,000 people, which is composed of the retired national translation ministries, returned overseas, Chinese students and foreign language professionals, active in China’s translation market. (Data Source: the Website of Statistics of State Administration for Industry and Commerce)
II. Main problems in China’s translation marketAs an emerging industry, the importance of the language services has not yet got a wide recognition and attention by relevant parties and society. Specifically mentioned, the main problems for the development of the translation market are shown as follows (Ren, 2003):
a) Small translation scale without forming an industryWith less than 15 full-time staffs, many Chinese translation companies are in the operating condition of family workshops, whose annual turnover does not exceed 1 million Yuan, which just has a small number of good industry brands. In China, it lacks of professional education and training institutions to train qualified translators. In many Chinese translation projects, only a small amount of translation works choose to outsource. As translation standard recently developed and the implementation process lacking monitoring and measurement, the functions of the Translators Association in guiding the development of the translation industry and providing information are not fully realized. At this stage, in China translation is just a profession rather than industry.
b) Large in number, low in qualityAs the threshold is very low to set up a translation company in China, there are more than 3,000 formally registered translation companies and the types of informally registered translations studio are more. As many translation companies claim that they could undertake a variety of industries, multilingual translation, however, their internal work does not use translation memory tools and terminology management tools with few full-time staff and fewer full-time translators with rich experiences, most relying on part-time translation or subcontracting to others, thus the quality of translation is difficult to control.
c) Fierce in competition, lower in priceThe majority customers of the Chinese translation company are domestic. In order to compete for customers, the competition of many companies is fierce, who often use low-cost translation and other non-standard way. Because of lower prices in translation and in order to get profits, the conventional translation, editing and review process can not be guaranteed, resulting in a decline in the quality of translation. In a fierce price war, many translation companies can not get enough profit, and have to struggle for surviving.
d) Lacking an in-depth study and a proven guidance and management between industries
The establishment of an industry needs to have excellent statistics and research reports to support, which is what we are lacking of. In a very long time we just regard the translation as a professional skill, rather than an industry or industry, not to mention the research in this area. In 2004, the Translators Association of China complies with the requirements of the development of the situation, begin to extend translation from the academic sphere to industries, and gradually assume the responsibility of the industry associations. But the language services market is very irregular and has huge differences in terms of geographical distribution, business form or mode of administration. As a non-profit organization and limited in resources, TAC is difficult to completely control the industry as a whole in a short time, and thus it is difficult to guide the whole industry directly and effectively. At present, the industry research has just started and the analysis of type of operation is almost blank, where there are a lot of works to do.
e) Huge gap of translation talents, severe shortage of teachersAs the absence of the authoritative industry statistics, it is difficult to estimate how many professionals are available and how many professionals are demanded in the language services industry. However, the research about translation industry carried out by TAC this year shows that, 67.7 percent enterprises which are in the companies surveyed plan to increase more than five employees in the next year, and the same proportion of enterprises believe that the most lacking part in the language services industry is personnel training. This confirmed that there is a relatively large gap between the strong demand for translators and the professionals’ supply, especially the lack of quality translation of foreign professionals, and these all become the bottleneck of China’s culture to “going out” and the direct impact on our country’s developing strategy to overseas markets (Jixian, 2007).
III. Suggestions on promoting the sound development of China’s translation marketHaving faced a good opportunity for development, it is the common responsibility of the entire industry to eliminate factors not conducive to the development of the industry, so that the Chinese language services industry will have a healthy and sustainable development. For comprehensive reviews and analysis of all sides, the following suggestions are proposed in this article for the status quo of China’s translation market:
The first is to establish the research system and formulate the development plan of the industry. First of all, companies should have a good knowledge of national policies to win policy support. Secondly, we must study the industry conditions, in order to develop the industry’s long-term development goals. Not a separate language services industry in the national statistics, the researchers would have to find their own data, and do their own research (Jixian, 2009). In the process of writing this paper, the author has communicated with relevant departments and has accessed to the statistics of the whole nation translation professional personnel and the national translated and published statistics; In addition, by querying the data, the author also received a number of key industry data. In the future, the industry should establish information sharing mechanisms with these institutions, as well as more functional departments, regularly collected and published the credibility of the industry statistics. In the future, the industry should gradually establish the mechanism of industry research, regularly study the status and problems of development of the industry, to accumulate data and analyze the development of the industry, planning and guidance on the development of the industry. We hope that more industry institutions and personnel will participate in the active and support the infrastructure of the industry (Jixian, 2009).
The second is to strengthen the construction of regulations, and to establish and improve the system of assessment. Industry access is the governmental behavior; we can promote and influence it, but not to lead it. However, as an industry, we can formulate our own standards about norm, and based on these norms to improve the industry qualification assessment system, then to establish the order of the industry. At present, the Committee of the Translators Association of China translation service and localization services committee follows the establishment of the Standards Working Group to set up relevant standards according to industry development and market demand; it will be a long-term and systematic project .We will also establish the development standards, regulate conduct, and reduce the problems of incompatible and redundant construction in translation skills, translation and teaching (Jixian, 2007). Otherwise, we need to actively explore how to qualify the industry bodies, enterprises and individuals according to standards, enabling them to participate in market competition and maintain a fair and reasonable trade order with an appropriate qualification.
The third is to promote close integration of industry-university cooperation to enhance the training level of personnel. It is the demand of talent that determines the direction of personnel training. The industry agencies, enterprises and other employing units should be actively guided to actively participate in all aspects of personnel training, to make full use of industry resources, and to be in close cooperation for curriculum setting, faculty development, practice base construction and other aspects with translation teaching institutions, thus jointly exploring a mode to develop innovative, practical and inter-disciplinary talent. At the same time, relevant norms must be established, such as qualification requirements for part-time teachers and qualification review for practice base, to ensure that such cooperation is really helpful to train high-quality, professional talent for the needs of the society. Currently, the TAC is working with the Translation Master Degree Committee in Ministry of Education to discuss the development of relevant standards, so that a long-term and stable cooperative relationship between schools and businesses is promoted to be established on the basis of “mutual benefit and win-win benefit”. At the same time, on the basis of further strengthening the target of translation teacher training, the feasibility of the use of distance education and new means to accelerate the speed of translation teacher training shall be explored, in order to better adapt to the needs of the development of translation. In addition, the training and qualification identification of other talents needed in the language service industry shall be carried out on the basis of practical research, to provide a solid guarantee for the development of the industry.
The fourth is to effectively integrate industry resources and build the authority exchange platform. In the era of globalization, resources and information are productivity. It will be helpful to achieve the scale and sustainable development of the language service industry by effectively integrating the resources of the language service industry, thus creating a reciprocity and win-win industry platform where resources and information are shared and breaking geographical boundaries to provide fair chances. Translators Association of China (TAC) is currently exploring this with the departments concerned. In addition, activities such as industry conferences are also important platforms to gather industry information and promote exchange and cooperation. TAC is willing to build more and better exchange platforms for the industry to fight for inviting the colleagues from all aspects of the industry, such as government departments, relevant industry organizations, multinational corporations and international colleagues to these platforms, making it a multi-industry and cross-cutting brand communication activity, thus truly realizing the common development and promotion with stakeholders (Renato & Donald, 2010).
To sum up, the service industry for the language of China is an emerging industry. If the practitioners can unite and work together, then the development environment of this industry will be fair, orderly, healthy and harmonious, which will undoubtedly promote the leap-forward development of the translation industry in China.
ConclusionIn conclusion, I would like to point a few areas that I have noticed in this preliminary research. The first is that indeed China’s translation market is riddled with many challenges that are as a result of our own making whereas others are out of our own control. This should be the starting point of the discussion. You can only address a problem if you realize it and accept it in the first place. Most of these problems are our own making starting with the regulator, the players in the industry and the public at large. Each one has a role to play in order to improve the translation market quality.
I strongly feel that the starting point, should be educating the clients or the public of the reason importance of seeking quality in their quest for language translation. This is the greatest weapon against the vicious cycle in the Chinese translation market. This is simply because if the consumer demands quality and he or she is willing to pay for it, then there is no reason as to why the providers will not also improve the quality of their services.
The second remedy is to streamline and empower the activities of the regulator so as to crack whip on bogus players in the industry that do not conform or meet the minimum quality requirements. Regular and spot checks should also be encouraged to ensure that this is done (Renato & Donald, 2010). The third option is that of addressing the challenges facing the players in the industry and supports them so as to improve the quality of their services. This includes such areas as staffing them with qualified personnel, financial aid to equip them with the necessary materials that are required in their day-to-day operations etc. This is a big challenge because for any business to survive it must at least break even leave alone making a slim profit (Renato & Donald, 2010).
Lastly, there is need also to embrace new technologies in delivering quality language translations in China. Modern methods of training like teleconferencing, on line tutorials, chat rooms among others should be encouraged. This is because of not only the time flexibility they offer, but also affordability. Technology also attracts competent personnel from all over the world thus quality improvement (Renato & Donald, 2010).
Whereas I have tried my best to explore this subject, the buck does not stop there. There is still a lot that future scholars and all of us need to do in order to ensure that the quality of our translation market is not compromised. This is a worthy cause that all of us should strive to do in order to achieve quality services in our lives.
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Globalization: World Market Forecasts, Industry Drivers and eSolutions,
USA. China Internet Information Center, “The 18th Statistical Report
of the Development of the Internet in China”
Jixian, He (2007). A Journey to Go beyond the Translation Circle, in
http://www.tac-online.org.cn/fyhy/txt/2005-06/26/content_79936.htm.
Jixian, He, (2009). A Journey to Go beyond the Translation Circle, in
http://www.tac-online.org.cn/fyhy/txt/2005-06/26/content_79936.htm.
Ren, Yi, (2003). The Translation Economy – in the Formation of an Industry, in
http://www.qianlong.com/.
Renato Beninatto & Donald A. DePalma, (2010). Ranking of Top 20 Translation
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_20.php.
Website of Statistics of State Administration for Industry and Commerce retrieved in March 10, 2012.
Preliminary Data Analysis
Preliminary Data Analysis – Interview 1
Research Question: How does stress affect the operation of paramedics?
Methodological notes Transcript 1 Preliminary Data Analysis
Questions well answered
Respondent does not mainly identify factors directly related to the health unit. More focused on Stress with regard to Saudi Arabia. Interviewer: Tell me a little about your work as a paramedic prior to study in Australia, Like, how many years did you work?
Int 001: Prior to my study in Australia, I worked as a paramedic in Saudi Arabia, which is my native country. I worked as a paramedic based in ambulances within the Saudi capital of Riyadh for seven years.
Interviewer: Do you have any speciality?
Int 001: Within the environment I worked, we normally responded to minimal emergency cases offering limited services in emergency situations.
Interviewer: What was the most positive aspect of working as a paramedic in Saudi Arabia?
Int 001: The training offered to paramedics in Saudi Arabia remains the most positive aspect of working as a paramedic within the country. This training has significantly improved my working capability as a paramedic and offered me an opportunity to enjoy being a paramedic. Though the job has many challenges, training has significantly improved my capacity to handle the various challenges I face during my working period.
Interviewer: What do you see as the main causes of stress for Saudi paramedics?
Int 001: There are many stressing factors while working as a paramedic in Saudi Arabia. The cities are normally characterized with constant traffic congestions, which prevent paramedics from reaching their destinations quickly. During emergency response like ambulances, failure to reach patients in time could be seen as inefficiency of paramedics. The delays resulting from traffic congestion stresses paramedics greatly. Another stressing factor, applying to accident scenes, is the presence of crowds of people on accident scenes. These individuals make it difficult for paramedics to reach the people requiring medical assistance.
Interviewer: How do these stressors effect the operation (efficiency) of paramedics? What effect do they have on your morale and sick leave days?
Int 001: When paramedics encounter these stressing factors, pressure normally increases on their side in offering sufficient services. Delays caused by traffic congestion, could reduce the time available for paramedics to attend to emergency calls. This might mean the paramedics work quickly and efficiency of their services could become compromised. Working under strict time deadlines within the profession becomes dangerous and the paramedics become prone to errors. The morale of paramedics working under these circumstances becomes immensely reduced because of the pressure and limited time available for attending patient. This remains so because paramedics remain aware of consequences which might follow erroneous operation. The paramedics can be held responsible if patient suffer damage as a result of delayed response.
Interviewer: What could the administration or management at the various Emergency Centers do to lower the levels of stress experienced and to deal with their resultant effects?
Int 001: The administration at various emergency centers should seek to change the methods applied in estimating the time required to make an emergency call response. Consideration should be undertaken based on various regions in order to cater for delays resulting from traffic congestion within city roads. The administration should seek to establish a government sponsored program aimed at informing the population about the necessary steps to take in accident scenes. With increased knowledge, people would not crowd around accident scenes in order to see paramedics perform their duties.
Interviewer: Has your study in Australia helped with how you can manage stress when you return to paramedic practice?
Int 001: Studying in Australia has offered me with efficient information regarding management of the stressing factors, upon returning to paramedic practice. The study has significantly improved my capacity to remain focused on delivering essential services and effectively minimizing the influence of external factors like crowds. The study has significantly enhanced my understanding that crowds must always be there as they are the people who normally call for assistance under these situation. This study has also enlightened me with the knowledge that these factors are also available in other counties, and their management could surmount to successful paramedic career.
Has previous paramedic experience before current study
No specialization
Stress among paramedics
External factors
Limited time to meet strict deadlines.
Increased workload and fatigue
Reduced morale and motivation to work
Role of the administration in reducing stress levels
Effective communication channel as a possible solution.
Public Education
Paramedic study in Australia is beneficial in reducing stress levels among paramedics.
The following discussion however will be dealing with the role that the women played in the Second World War.
Introduction
The Second World War 2 was meant to liberate many states and countries from the colonial rules. They wanted to become independent by forming their own governments and drafting the constitution that favored them. They also wanted to have the freedom to take full responsibilities and roles in their mother states rather than being controlled. The other reason for the break of the war is that some countries wanted to stamp the authority by sending a message that they were the super powers who were supposed to see to it that the world was orderly.
The following discussion however will be dealing with the role that the women played in the Second World War.
Discussion
The place of women in the society was assumed to be at home and this applied to all the most of them. They were supposed to do all the household work such as cooking, washing and taking are of the young ones. This was the usual social construction of assigning people roles and responsibilities according to their gender. They were considered to be weaker than the men and that is the reason why they were expected to perform the easiest tasks in the society. In many societies, there was no great distinction between the roles that the children played and those played by the women. They were therefore treated in the same category with the children.
Some societies did not give the women a chance to express their preference or4 their opinions. According to the society, they were supposed to be the followers of what the men considered to be the norms. They were therefore not involved in the decision making of the society as they were not thought to bring any useful ideas due to the perception that the society held concerning them.
As a result of those beliefs about the position of the women in the society, they were accorded unequal treatment comparing with men. For instance, young men would be given a chance to seek education and even acquire property, but the women in many instances did not get an opportunity to acquire education or even the inheritance from their parents.
However, during the break of the Second World War, the stand of the society on women began to melt and the perception was slowly changing. Most of the men were involved in the war and therefore the women were supposed to take much of the responsibilities in their homes to see to it that everything went on well (Margaret 2008). The men and the society in general came to realize that unless they incorporated the women in the war, they were going to fail. They therefore had to soften their stand on them and reconstruct their culture. With millions of men involved in the war, women were to be of much use to work in the industries to perpetuate the production of both the human goods and the weapons that were to be used in the war.
In Britain for instance, women worked in munitions factories where they were involved in the knitting of the socks and the cloths that the soldiers were required to use. At the same time, they were involved in offering services at the Red Cross organizations in taking care of the injured soldiers. The main reason however for this kind of roles were for the women to get finances to take care of their families as the men were not around to offer that kind of care.
Nursing was one of the main services that the women played during the Second World War. This was especially in Britain and America. They were offered special training that ensured that they were qualified to meet the challenges of the injured. Others were also trained to be counselors who would help the soldiers to recover from the traumatic experiences of the war (Margaret 2008). The environment that the soldiers also operated posed a lot of danger to their health and this called for more services of offering medication to help them to overcome the infections. Most of them were as a result of the chemicals that were released from the deadly weapons that were being used. For this reason, there was high demand for nurses and bearing in mind that they were the most available, they were given this chance to ensure that the health of the soldiers was good. Therefore, the women were of great help, though they were not involved directly to fight, they offered what was so important for any soldier to fight.
The next great role was in the manufacturing industries. By the time of the Second World War many countries such as the Britain, America and Russia had recognized the important role that the women played in the society. They also knew that for the war to succeed, they needed vehicles, warships, weapons such as guns and intelligence services. For this matter, there was a need to educate portion of the women in those societies so that they would qualify in the production of these equipment. This was however considered the work of men especially during the First World War.
The role of the women was therefore to ensure the supply of the equipment needed by the soldiers in the war was adequate. Some of them are said to be drivers as well and therefore were very important when it came to the transportation of food, water and weaponry to the point where the soldiers were located.
As war intensified, there was much need for the backs up to help the men overcome their oppressors. Women on the other hand were gaining confidence in the societal roles due to their involvement in different tasks. They had also learnt a lot about the tactics of war out of observation. Most of the sates realizing the potentials that the women had and the help they could offer decided to offer them training in the offensive and defensive tactics. They acquired the military skills including how to use the weapons. This therefore led to thousands of the women in America and many parts of Europe to be involved in the war as soldiers (Stoff 2006)
This brought a total change in the perception of women. They were now doing exactly what the men were capable of doing and even with much ease. Some of them served as Army commanders in ensuring that instructions were followed for there to be a success in the war. They ceased to be under-dogs in the societies and were now accorded with much respect being involved not only in the decision making processes but also in the implementations of the administration policies.
The power of women began to rise in the Second World War for the reason that they were now being employed to offer different professions. Even though the wages that they received were not equal to the one received by men, they were more financially stable than during the First World War.
In Germany, the some of skilled women taken from the concentration camps were given very difficult tasks of acting as secret agents. They were required to join a certain organization known at the Special Operation Executive (SOP). The kind of work that they were expected to perform here was not only dangerous but also threatened their own lives. To be a secet agent, the women were required to get into the enemies territories to obtain the information of what they are strategizing. The women had to be creative and skilled for them to succeed in this kind of dangerous role. Some of them would pose as prostitutes who would go to the clubs where the enemies relaxed after war. Because they were attractive, these soldiers would be enticed and in the process of interaction, they would engage kin the conversation about the war.
The women were very tactful in that they would pretend to be taking alcohol while in the real sense they were either taking water or drinking sparingly. The soldiers on the other hand would get fooled and end up getting drunk. In this state, the women took the advantage of getting the information from them by asking them where and when they planned to attack. They would also get to know the method they planned to use and even the number of soldiers that would be involved.
With all these kind of information, they would return home and provide it to the commander of the Army. This helped them to strategize and to plan ahead of the attack to counter any kind of war that may arise. This information indicates that though most of the women were not directly involved in the war, they were very vital when it came to the dissemination of the information. Without that, many countries would not have won in the war since they would have been ambushed by enemies and also that they would not have known what they needed to plan on.
In Germany, Hitler believed that his culture that was referred to as Aryan, was superior than any other culture that ever existed. The people here were perceived as more intelligent and creative than any other and this was seen when they annihilated about six million Jews whom they considered inferior. The role of women in this kind of culture is that they were expected to devote themselves in the reproduction of this ‘pure’ culture to bring out children who would be used in the war. Intermarriages with other races and ethnic groups was therefore rejected and this was the main reason probably they killed the Jews.
Many nations however were really opposed to war and this called for increased resistance. They were calling for the end of the oppression that the war placed in many nations. Such a country was Poland which engaged in a lot of street resistance. The role of women was great and made a lot of impact. The women were expected to get into streets carrying banners that had writings that condemned the whole issue of war. They were involved in the resistance movements that were being appreciated in many other countries to call on the colonials to stop their cruelty and give freedom to the people.
This could have been brought by the reason that the war had really affected the women negatively. Most of their men had died in the war making them to acquire the status of being widowed. This was a great blow to many of them who were left with the responsibility of taking care of the family and managing the properties that were left behind (Robert 2004). The other agony that the women faced is the fact that the women also lost their sons in the war. Many countries expected the healthy sons to be recruited and being used to fight in the war. This was demonstrated from the concentration camps in Germany where women were forced to part with their sons. To some, this was the last time they saw and heard from their sons.
That was the main reason why most women joined hands in many parts of the world to protest and force the oppressors to consider bringing an end to war. There was also the use of the print media to send the message that people were tired of the war and that something needed to be done. This actually bore fruits as many activist groups who were fighting for the rights of people began to emerge in colonial countries to force them to end their cruel rules and give people their freedom and rights.
The twentieth century so the growth of the film and the music industry. This was especially for America and other countries in Europe. This brought the rise of celebrities especially the female. Celebrities enjoy the fact that they are liked and have a lot of influence in the society. They are the initiators of many behaviors such as the way people dress, talk and perceive the world. Most of the people are seen to imitate the behavior of these people.
The female celebrities in America wrote and acted films that condemned the Nazi situation in Germany. One of such women was called Lillian Hellman whose play known as the Rhime in 1941 warned the rise of the Nazis (Carol 2000). This is owing to the fact that the Nazis were very cruel especially towards the Jews and any other people who were considered to be weak and ineffective in Germany. These people especially the old, women and children were in great pain and danger as many of them were killed in gas chambers. The rise of the female celebrities however, sought to address this kind of evil and forcing them to be considerate and stop the murder of innocent people.
Many soldiers after the war were very tired and depressed at the same time. They needed people to entertain them and make them relax. The Camp Shows were used to entertain the troops in America to make them forget relax by providing them with a kind of therapy. This was important since many of them were suffering from traumatic experiences and post-war traumas after the loss of important friends. Most of the people who were used were women singers who had beautiful bands that were very entertaining. Women offered also the emotional support to the soldiers by encouraging them not to lose hear in the war as they would eventually win.
Conclusion
The role of the women in the Second World War was enormous and indisputable. They performed great tasks such as offering different services especially as nurses who would nurse the wounds of the injured soldiers. The women also took care of the families and homes left to them by their husbands who were busy fighting in the war. Without the support of the women, many countries would not have won the war, as most of them were used in the most dangerous tasks that are aimed at providing information by acting as the secret agents. They helped in the manufacturing of the weapon that were to be used in the war and were also in the textile industries making cloths for the soldiers.
Reference:
Regis, Margaret.(2008): When Our Mothers Went to War: An Illustrated History of Women in World War II.Seattle: Nav Publishing. ISBN 978-1-87732-05-0.
Laurie S. Stoff. (2006): They Fought for the Motherland: Russia’s Women Soldiers in World War I And the Revolution.
Harris, Carol (2000). Women at War 1939-1945: The Home Front. Stroud: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-2536-1
Gildea, Robert. (2004). Marianne in Chains: Daily Life in the Heart of France during the German Occupation NY.
Laurie S. Stoff. (2006)They Fought for the Motherland: Russia’s Women Soldiers in World War I and the Revolution.