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Precedent study of new York city
Precedent study of New York City
Since the late years of the 19th century, towards the early years of the 20th century, New York City has grown to become what it is currently. New York is actually the largest city in the United States, which has an architectural marvel that has quite a number of historic monuments, a large number of incredible skyscrapers, and wonderful buildings. Apart from the architectural marvels, the city has everything that could meet the needs of most of the people who might be visiting the area. It is home to numerous parks, museums, shopping streets as well as trendy neighborhoods. This paper presents the history of the city from the late nineteenth century to the present situation, thereby providing a roadmap describing its growth from what it used to be then up to this point in time.
The formation of the New York City resulted from voting by residents of the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island, to consolidate with Manhattan in order to form the greater New York. These were independent cities before the year 1895, whose consolidation afterwards led to the city occupying about 360 square miles from the previous 60 square miles.
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Figure 1: Top view of the New York City, showing Brooklyn Bridge and the waterfront. At the foreground are the Governors Island and the Battery Park.
With the expansion of the city, it was necessary for the concerned authorities to organize it appropriately in order to take care of the expected population explosion that could hit the country. For this reason, it was necessary to construct interstate highways, suburbs and to ensure deindustrialization as well as make other economic changes in order to accommodate the new developments in the city. The developments led to the elimination of chaotic and squalid urban centers, leading to the construction of skyscrapers, opening up of the great suspension bridge, and the development of a subway system that is one of the longest in the world.
The developments of the New York City metropolis led to its consideration as the nerve center of America, which was achievable through the development of mighty public works buildings, which is inclusive of it’s a great aqueduct system that ensures the city dwellers have access to clean water. Later in the years, Clinton was one of the masterminds behind Manhattan’s modern day grid system, which was a plan that could organize the city appropriately in the face of the predicted population explosion.
Apart from ensuring the construction of the numerous public works projects, the other project involved the construction of a housing scheme that could boost the health of the people living in the tiny tenement houses. This project, the central park project, was to be executed in the form of a public park that measuring 843 acres, whose vision was to boon the speculation on real estate and to ensure green reforms in the region. The park was meant to provide playgrounds for the masses as well as offer work relief for the city in the mid-1980s. The execution of the different projects was necessary for the realization of the current developments in the city. It is possible to insinuate that the amenities have led to the tremendous development of the city into an aesthetically appealing city with efficient public service delivery.
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Figure 2: 239th Street yard, NYC IRT Subway.
The Five People You Meet In Heaven
The Five People You Meet In Heaven
Contents
TOC o “1-3” h z u HYPERLINK l “_Toc380293392” Introduction PAGEREF _Toc380293392 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc380293393” Characterization PAGEREF _Toc380293393 h 1
HYPERLINK l “_Toc380293394” The setting and plot PAGEREF _Toc380293394 h 2
HYPERLINK l “_Toc380293395” Plot summary and Moral Lessons PAGEREF _Toc380293395 h 3
HYPERLINK l “_Toc380293396” Relationship between the movie version and book version PAGEREF _Toc380293396 h 4
Introduction
Humanity has been concerned about passing lessons from one generation to another throughout its history. Varied strategies for accomplishing this have been devised. However, one of the most commonly used strategies in the history of mankind is the use of stories, as is the case with “The Five People You Meet in Heaven”. This story, written by Mitch Albom, revolves around an overarching theme that no act in this life can be termed as accidental or random.
CharacterizationThe story comes with a number of key characters.
Eddie is the main protagonist in the story. He dies on his 83rd birthday and rises up in heaven where he meets five individuals whose lives he discovers are interconnected with his in more ways than he would have expected.
The Blue Man- Also known as Joseph Colvelzchik, this is the first person that Eddie meets in heaven. The Blue Man had died of a heart attack as he swerved his car so as to avoid hitting the young Eddie who had run in the street to get his ball.
The Captain- this was Eddie’s commanding officer in the army. While recounting the events that occurred in the war, the captain teaches Eddie the importance of making sacrifices so as to save lives.
Ruby- this is the third person that Eddie meets in heaven. She turns out to be the woman after whom Ruby Pier was named. She teaches Eddie of the importance of forgiveness and releasing one’s anger.
Marguerite- this is the Eddie’s wife, the fourth person that she meets in heaven. She had died in her forties. On meeting in heaven, the two enjoy a number of weddings that are being held, which teaches Eddie that love does not end even with death.
Tala: this is the fifth person that Eddie meets in heaven. She is a young Filipina girl that Eddie sights in a hut razed down by fire. Her cinnamon complexion, flat nose, dark hair, gapped teeth, full lips and arresting eyes captivate Eddie.
Nicky: This is a young man who had visited Ruby Pier and is seen as the key reason for the death of Eddie. A great grandson to Ruby, Nicky had caused the gears of Freddy’s Free Fall ride to jam and snapped its cable after dropping car keys in it.
While these are the key characters, there are other supporting characters such as Eddie’s parents, a family friend named Mickey Shea, a coworker named Dominguez, Willie, Amy and Emile.
The setting and plotThe story takes place in varied locations as Eddie meets different people in heaven and recounts varied events in his life on earth. Eddie had been brought up close to the Ruby Pier where his father worked. In essence, Ruby Pier is a crucial setting for his flashbacks to his childhood. It is worth noting that Ruby Pier was not only the place where his dad worked, but also where he ended up working as a maintenance man, and even met his death on his birthday.
On the same note, the bulk of the story is set in heaven, which is also the place where Eddie is taught the five lessons in varied settings (Albom, 2003). These are the Ruby Pier close to which he had grown up, the battlefields where he had fought during his time in the army, the mountains, as well as different wedding receptions, not to mention a river.
Plot summary and Moral LessonsOnce Eddie awakens in heaven, he meets the Blue Man, who he initially does not recognize. It turns out that that the Blue Man had crashed his car as he tried to prevent himself from hitting the young Eddie. This teaches Eddie that there is not action in life that is accidental or random.
Next, he meets The Captain in the Philippians battlefield where they had fought during WW2. The captain discloses to him that he had shot Eddie in the leg so as to save his life (Albom, 2003). On the same note, the captain died while testing a field for mines ahead of his troops. This teaches Eddy about the importance of self-sacrifice in an effort to save other people’s lives.
At the third scene, Eddie meets Ruby, after whom Eddie discovers Ruby Pier was named as a tribute by her husband Emile whom she had saved from a fire. Ruby had picked the diner as that was the place where they had met with her husband and she wanted it to be a refuge for individuals hurt by the Ruby Pier (Albom, 2003). Also at the diner was Eddie’s father who had been extremely abusive and harsh to Eddie in his childhood. At this stage, Eddie learns how to let go of his resentment, as well as forgive his dad for the hurt.
Next, Eddie meets his wife Marguerite after going through varied wedding receptions from varied cultures. While he never liked such occasions, Eddie and his wife walk through the receptions, which underlines the power of love and teaches him that not even death can spell an end to love (Albom, 2003).
The last scene in which Eddie finds himself is by a river where numerous children play together. This place is devoid of authority or adults and teaches him of the meaning of his career and life, which was to protect children.
Relationship between the movie version and book versionThis story has also been produced in movie version. As much as the story line is the same, the depiction of the scenes is different, which complements the story. The flashbacks are more real in the movie and allows the viewer to identify with the story more.
In conclusion, “The Five People You Meet in Heaven” is a story of an amusement park mechanic named Eddie who dies on his 83rd birthday as he attempts to save a young girl. While it presents varied scenes each with its own lessons, the overriding theme and lesson in the story is that no action in anybody’s life is accidental or random as the lives and events in people’s lives are interconnected.
References
Albom, M. (2003). The five people you meet in heaven. New York: Hyperion.
The First World War
The First World War
Introduction
The First World War took place between 1914 and 1918 which took off when Germany and Britain started fighting. The First World War therefore gave warfare a new face since it combined legacies of the French and industrial revolution. It thus paved way for the patterns of war in the twentieth-century .
Thesis
The First World War had profound influence in warfare globally and these influences have served as a lead on the pattern of wars in the twentieth-century. The paper further looks at the legacies of the French and industrial revolutions that were incorporated into the First World War.
Purpose
The French revolution resulted to freedom from customary burdens and destruction of the old society. This abolishment of feudalism paved way for egalitarianism and individualism .On the other hand Industrial revolution took place in the nineteenth century and both revolutions had great influence on how the First World War was conducted. Through the French revolution Europe and the rest of the world got to learn that infringements in liberty can arise from the concepts of peoples will and national sovereignty. National identity awareness increased in the nineteenth century and this was stimulated by the French revolution. In the nineteenth century there was drastic and rapid changes one being great advances in industry as well as in technology and science. The changes that greatly influenced warfare include new technology advancement in science and improved communication and infrastructure. The advancement of technology made it possible for new weapon production.
. The essay therefore looks at the various aspects that were propelled by the WWI and the after effects that it had on the art of war from the WWI period to the current times.
New technology and industry development
The French revolution instilled the attitude of supremacy among many nations worldwide. These nations had increasingly produced weapons that they could use in a show of their might. With the onset of industrial revolution there was improvement of the existing weapons and invention of new weapons. The industrial revolution made it possible for production of weapons in mass. There was improvement on manufacturing of steel and iron that were used in the manufacturing of some of the weapons. The production of weapons was therefore undertaken with great accuracy.
The weapons were more powerful and there was a great variety. This increase in the availability of weapons led to the success of the First World War since the weapons were readily available for all the new soldiers who were recruited as well as to replace those that were destroyed in the war.
The weapons that were produced were of high power such as rifles and loading weapons such as breech. These were more effective in the war and thus a great success in the war. Their was use of fire power surpasses both range and destructive effect of a cannon that is six-powder this thus made the war very destructive as compared to the past wars. Some weapons such as the dumdum bullets and machine gun were very destructive. The wide range of weapons produced made it possible for choice of the suited weapon at a particular time and hence great success in the war. These new inventions gave rise to new philosophy of the war i.e. the warfare was now less physical and mental. It depended mostly on the technical knowhow.
Advancement in science
The extension of states that was witnessed from the French revolution enabled the states to provide education and hence gave rise to a society that was intellectual. The elite society paved way for scientific inventions that played a vital role during the war. Though the scientific inventions were not war stimulated they played a crucial role in the development of the war. It is worth noting that there was a lag phase before many scientific inventions affected the military technology, once they came into play they had a great influence in the war.
Chemistry was among the greatest scientific use in the war. Most explosives were discovered through scientific research that played a major role during the war. Chemists investigated a large number of chemicals that had great potential for use as weapons. The armies grouped war gases as per their physiological effect. This means that they were grouped according to how they could affect the human body. For example one of these categories was lachrymators this include teargas like xylyl bromide. This agent has a primary effect on eyesight but when in large concentrations can affect the respiratory system.
Another category is Asphxiators that include chlorine, phosgene that cause fluids to enter lungs hence prevents oxygen from reaching the bloodstream. Another category was the vesicant or blister producing agent that registered the greatest casualty cases. It had a peculiar odor and was commonly referred to as mustard gas though it was a volatile liquid and not a gas (Heller, 2010). There was even discovery of rockets during this period which were used in the war. Other fields that were exploited were electricity and physics in the development of cables in the Atlantic Ocean, tidal gauges and compasses used by mariners.
Improved infrastructure and communication
The French revolution played a crucial role in the extension of the states that existed especially in Western Europe. Within this states there was regulated transportation and communication. There was complete transformation of logistics and communications through massive building of railroad and steamships during the industrial revolution. This new means were used to move supplies and troops from one area to another. Armies were bigger and hence they could be easily transported as they were more mobile. The telegraph was also an important aspect of development in communication since it paved way for easy contact and accessibility during the war, there was great exchange of information that was needed during the war for instance communication on when and where to launch an attack. The development of a wireless telegraph speeded up communication during the war. The submarine cable and telegraph were more flexible because the recipient and the sender were not tied down by systems that involved wires and cables. Naval operations were made more strategic by use of the wireless systems since ships lacked visual communication when at sea. There was development of tanks and airplanes that were a great revolution in transport. There was also development and use of gasoline engine that was used to haul food supplies and ammunition to maintain the large number of armies that were deployed in specific areas
Conclusion
It is evident that the first world war and both the French and industrial revolutions had put into place in each nation war machines that were of very great power which had never existed before. This machinery has played an important role in wars in the twentieth century. The technology used in world war one was beyond any reasonable doubt more complicated when compared to any other wars experienced previously. Much of what is seen in the twentieth century is the improvement of weapons that existed previously and making them perfect for instance artillery weapons and machine guns have been made more powerful and accurate by ballistics and metallurgists .Railroads have been made more efficient as transport has now been motorized gradually. More great innovations have been seen in airplane, submarine and poison gas.
This therefore means that there is no difference in warfare in the nineteenth century and twentieth century since the warfare in the twentieth century is a continuity in terms of weapons and technology from the First World War. The only difference is just the advancement of technology from that existed.