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Module-7
IX. Questions to ConsiderNow that you have completed this module, consider the following questions and be prepared to discuss them in a conference:
Hello class,
Businesses, non-profits, volunteer associations — organizations of all types require many types of reports. Module 5 identifies reports as informational or analytical documents meant to shed light on issues that are critical to the continuation and optimal functioning of the organization. Whether sales reports, proposals that are internal (from the marketing department) or external (a proposal requesting funding from a government agency), or an analysis of the newest competitor on the scene, reports must provide excellent and timely information, clear focus, and document the sources of their information or expert opinion. Given their vital nature, knowing how to write a report is a valuable business communication skill to have.The Module explores the following major topics:I. The Role of Reports in OrganizationsII. Planning and Preparing a ReportIII. Organizing Reports and ProposalsIV. Conducting ResearchV. Integration of Source MaterialsVI. Resource Documentation, andVII. Visual Aid DesignEach student should discuss two of these topics in the following way: 1) Explain the topic and tell why it is important, and 2) Provide an example showing why the topic is important.
Visual Aid Design is important to businesses because it gives the potential customer or business partner the visual proof that a product can be successful. After giving a powerful presentation to a group of potential business partners images can really drive home the pitch. I think it is important to be sure that you don’t use too many visual aids that you don’t give enough information to sell your pitch.
Conducting Research is important for any topic. It doesn’t matter if it is for a business or for a simple argument. You have to conduct research to adequately convey your point of view. This is step one of doing any type of business. It all starts with researching the necessary information and tools to help you to succeed. Answer all three “Questions to Consider” given in the Module: 1) How can your written reports influence your professional success?
If a written report is written in understandable English and can be documented well then this is a good thing for you and your career. It can dramatically help you to advance through your professional career if you can write well. I believe that those who can write with competency and explain it in the professional work environment are very valuable employees. I think that people in our day and age are losing the ability to write professionally and when an employer comes across someone who has the competency to write professionally they snatch them up and promote them quickly to keep them in the company. 2) Why are unsolicited proposals more challenging to write than solicited proposals?
Unsolicited proposals are more challenging to write because they are being made about an opinion that usually hasn’t been formally stated. If a proposal is solicited chances are there was a reason behind why the proposal must be written so it is easier to make your points. When a proposal is unsolicited it becomes harder to make a valid argument because those who you are proposing your writing to may not know what the topic is regarding beforehand.3) If your report includes only factual information, is it objective? Why or why not?
A report that contains only factual information generally will be more objective then a report that contains opinions. However, if a report is being submitted regarding a topic and only facts are being used it may be harder to understand without a bit of opinion in there as well. There is also the possibility that someone may submit a report that has only half of the facts in it. Just because a report contains facts doesn’t necessarily mean this is the best report.
Morals and society complement each other in that for a given society to stand firm
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Introduction
Morals and society complement each other in that for a given society to stand firm, its members need to observe the set standards that govern organization, interactions and coexistence within the social group. In majority of social settings these morals or standards act like laws with which violation comes with a defined responsibility or cost to the errant in a bid to help him/her straighten ways and be accepted back to the society. Family forms the basic unit of a given social system as it is the source of society’s continuity and through procreation and nurturing of children such that the survival and future of that particular setting is guaranteed. The family institution is grounded by marriage; the institution of two individuals or partners with an aim of procreating and nurturing the wellbeing of their children while observing the set standards by the society. Romance on the other hand strengthens the marriage institution as a subset of love; a virtue necessary for the coexistence of family members and society at large. Majority of the society members will always look forward to love from family members and society at large and romance from their partners with which not only serves as the basic course of occupations but basis of identification and a sense of belonging. Romance and love comes with responsibilities for each of the stakeholders which vary with gender and the aspirations of the specific unit that is the family or the society (Heng, 2). The Wife of Bath and the Knight’s tales revolve around romance, love, relationships and the responsibilities that come with each set of relationships; appreciative and punitive and this paper will seek to compare and contrast the two tales with reference to thematic presentation, morals and responsibilities, love and romance.
Socially, the two tales bring out the importance of love and romance to the survival of the society in that lack of romance and love can lead to social vices which have long term repercussions to the errant and the society. For instance, in the Wife of Bath’s tale a knight who had raped a fair young maiden is faced with death penalty according to the society’s set standards and which sets path for the repercussions he faces in the tale. In the Knight’s tale the importance of love and romance in for social identity and sense of belonging is brought out whereby cousins Arcite and Palamon; who were imprisoned by Theseu, the Duke of Athens after inventions against Creon, falls in love with the same girl, Emelye. The power and value relationships, romance, love and the quest for identity and sense of belonging are brought out in the hate that these two cousins develop for each other over the girl and the “mass judicial tournament” that they engage in all for the winner to give the girl a hand in marriage. Though the scenarios in the two tales differ in the perspective of the responsibilities, they converge to one point of romance and love and the need for identity. For instance, in the Wife of Bath’s tale responsibilities assigned to the knight are punitive compared to the Knight’s tale which though punitive in the sense of mass tournament, they are appreciative in that the end results are explicitly defined.
Thematically the two tales differ in that the Wife of Bathcritically evaluates the value of romance and details aspects of society’s aspirations such as antifeminism, behavior in marriage, economics of love and female dominance unlike the Knight’s tale which focuses much on romance. For instance, in the Wife of Bath, when the Knight was about to be prosecuted, Queen Guinevere intercedes and passes the judgment instead of the king; a move that introduced the aspects of female dominance, sought out to bring out the role of women in the society and their influence in matters of love and marriage, and sexuality themes. For example, when the knight was asked to discover for the queen what women desire most, for exchange of death penalty he was to receive; it is through the help of an old hag who brings out the women/female dominance and antifeminism aspects, the behavior in marriage as portrayed when the knight gives her a hand in marriage, and romance in the sex and lollardy themes.The Knight’s tale on the other hand concentrates on the quest for romance as the activities involved do not unearth other societal aspects as in the Wife of Bath.
Societal morals and responsibilities converge in the two tales in that they revolve around the societal expectation and the defined responsibilities to achieving them or the punitive responsibilities in case of violation. In the Wife of Bath tale, the knight receives punitive responsibilities for the violation of the society’s values when he raped a maiden whereas in the Knight’s tale, the two cousins have to engage in a mass tournament; a traditional show of braveness and masculinity for a defined price, in order to claim love of Emelye. The convergence of the morals is critically brought out in the two tales in that in the beginning, the two cousins were imprisoned after the Duke’s invention against Creon and in the Wife of Bath the knight was about to be prosecuted for the vice he had perpetrated. Though the perspective of the responsibilities differ in the two tales, they converge on the accountability aspect such that as members of the society one has to work hard to achieve something and in case of negligence one has to work harder as a sign of repentance.
Love and romance as the key backgrounds of the two tales further diverges the conceptual approaches by the poets in that for the Wife of Bath the focus is on the marriage setup unlike in the Knight’s tale whose focus is personal and individualistic. For instance, in the Wife of Bath activities revolve around the power of women in understanding the society’s problems that is, the old Han identified what women desired, and to the end her charisma on handling the knight when she asked him for a hand in marriage shows female dominance and the power they have in influencing family and marriages. For the Knight’s tale the focus is on the individual gains and focus on the extremes and activities that individuals are willing to engage in for individual gains without the reflection of what would happen in their future lives or society’s.
Conclusion
The two tails achieve much relevance in addressing aspects of love and romance, relationships and responsibilities involved in each phenomenon and though they differ in thematic presentation, their ideologies converge in sensitizing the need to observe society’s norms and influences of love and romance.
Works Cited
Heng, Geraldine. Empire of Magic: Medieval Romance and the Politics of Cultural Fantasy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Internet resource
ACCT2102 SP21 Comprehensive Problem 1
ACCT2102 SP21 Comprehensive Problem 1
Answer all questions and Label all work as required
Part 1.
Rhiner Corporation is a manufacturer that uses job-order costing. On January 1, the company’s inventory balances were as follows:
Raw materials$42,000
Work in process$20,000
Finished goods$36,000
The company applies overhead cost to jobs on the basis of direct labor-hours. For the current year, the company’s predetermined overhead rate of $16.50 per direct labor-hour was based on a cost formula that estimated $660,000 of total manufacturing overhead for an estimated activity level of 40,000 direct labor-hours. The following transactions were recorded for the year:
Raw materials were purchased on account, $520,000.
Raw materials used in production, $465,000. All of the raw materials were used as direct materials.
The following costs were accrued for employee services: direct labor, $605,000; indirect labor, $150,000; selling and administrative salaries, $240,000.
Incurred various selling and administrative expenses (e.g., advertising, sales travel costs, and finished goods warehousing), $357,000.
Incurred various manufacturing overhead costs (e.g., depreciation, insurance, and utilities), $505,000.
Manufacturing overhead cost was applied to production. The company actually worked 42,000 direct labor-hours on all jobs during the year.
Jobs costing $1,685,000 to manufacture according to their job cost sheets were completed during the year.
Jobs were sold on account to customers during the year for a total of $2,750,000. The jobs cost $1,695,000 to manufacture according to their job cost sheets.
Required (Show all work/Calculations!)
What is the journal entry to record the purchase of raw materials?
What is the ending balance in Raw Materials? (Show T-Account)
What is the journal entry to record the labor costs incurred during the year?
What is the total amount of manufacturing overhead applied to production during the year? (Show complete calculations)
What is the total manufacturing cost added to Work in Process during the year?
What is the journal entry to record the transfer of completed jobs that is referred to above?
What is the ending balance in Work in Process?
What is the total amount of actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred during the year? (Show T-Account)Is manufacturing overhead underapplied or overapplied for the year? By how much?
What is the cost of goods available for sale during the year? (Show complete calculations)
What is the journal entry to record the cost of goods sold referred to above?
What is the ending balance in Finished Goods? (Show T-Account)
Assuming that the company closes its underapplied or overapplied overhead to Cost of Goods Sold, what is the adjusted cost of goods sold for the year?
What is the gross margin for the year?
What is the net operating income for the year?
It is recommended that you work through all journal entries, t-accounts and schedules/statements to correctly formulate your answers.
Part 2.
Rhiner Company prepared the following contribution format income statement based on a sales volume of 1,000 units (the relevant range of production is 500 units to 1,500 units):
Sales $25,000
Variable expenses 10,000
Contribution margin 15,000
Fixed expenses 8,000
Net operating income $ 7,000
Required:
(Answer each question independently and always refer to the original data unless instructed otherwise.) (Show all work/calculations. No credit will be given without showing your work and/or calculations.)
What is the contribution margin per unit?
What is the contribution margin ratio?
What is the variable expense ratio?
If sales increase to 1,001 units, what would be the increase in net operating income?
If sales decline to 950 units, what would be the net operating income?
If the selling price increases by $4 per unit and the sales volume decreases by 200 units, what would be the net operating income?
If the variable cost per unit increases by $2, spending on advertising increases by $1,000, and unit sales increase by 240 units, what would be the net operating income?
What is the break-even point in unit sales?
What is the break-even point in dollar sales?
How many units must be sold to achieve a target profit of $7,500?
What is the margin of safety in dollars? What is the margin of safety percentage?
What is the degree of operating leverage?
Using the degree of operating leverage, what is the estimated percent increase in net operating income of a 10% increase in sales?
Assume that the amounts of the company’s total variable expenses and total fixed expenses were reversed. In other words, assume that the total variable expenses are $8,000 and the total fixed expenses are $10,000. Under this scenario and assuming that total sales remain the same, what is the degree of operating leverage?
Using the degree of operating leverage that you computed in the previous question, what is the estimated percent increase in net operating income of a 10% increase in sales?
Your work must be in electronic form and uploaded to the assignment folder in D2L by the designated due date. Work in picture form, pdf form or handwritten form or Late submissions will not be accepted. There are worksheet forms within the assignments covered in class that may assist you in completing this assignment in Excel.