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Democratic Capitalism And Individual Liberty
Democratic Capitalism And Individual Liberty
United states over the last 200 years have been defining the connection between individual liberty and the free markets (Tocqueville, 1835). The country’s foundation has the basis of allowing its citizens to move freely leading to the growth of capitalism and enterprises. Liberty, happiness, and life are the principles that give the relationship between the individual liberty and the free markets. That is, each citizen has equal opportunities of pursuing that which is of interest to him or her. Though individual freedom is vital for the growth of free markets, some level of government is essential to achieve this. In a comparison between Latvia and the United States economies, it is not surprising that shelves in Latvia supermarkets are empty in comparison to those in United States (Read, 2009). The reason is that the later economic values allow its citizens to exercise their freedom in pursuit of their self-interest while in the former experts make decisions for the entire economy.
To this extent, the manager of the supermarket in the United States makes individual decisions depending on his interest. He/she does not have to go into homes seeking to have an understanding of the needs of his/her customers. Government intervention is only at regulating unethical behaviors in the pursuit of individual interests (Williams, 2006). This allows the individual to continue with their personal pursuits but unknowing to them, their activities contribute into the economy of the society. Free markets will hence depend on individual liberties and successive governments have been trying to increase the freedom of individuals. Some of them include the freedom of speech, movement, and association (Williams, 2006). As individual freedom increases, free markets thrive, which is the reason for the continued prosperity of this country.
Free markets are ideal for an economic growth. Three scenarios exist on the determination of the ownership of property. The first is that ownership of property will depend on the ability of individuals to grab. Such provisions mean that the economy returns to the rule of the jungle, whereby it is the mighty is always right. On the other hand, the second situation involves another party making decisions of ownership of commodities that they did not take part in their production. This is a legal of way of stealing given that it involves taking other parties properties without their consent. Finally, owners are those that produce certain commodities. In such markets, cotton producer can claim the ownership of cotton but not of coffee. This is free market and the role of the government is to ensure that there is no foul play among the parties involved.
The level of intervention of government has the limitations of only regulating the environment that supports a free market. That is, an individual is free to operate to his or her own interest and their personal gains. While in their individual endeavors, they will have an impact on the entire society (Read, 2009). The role of the government is ensuring that such individuals will not engage in actions that will affect the market negatively. Adam smith (1809) stated that the only way that free markets will survive is if there are regulations that ensure individual freedom does not compromise the freedom of others in the society. These way federal and state governments are able to intervene in the market without interfering with the proceedings but ensuring the highest level of ethical standards.
In earlier discussion, there was the identification of three scenarios of government intervention. The second one entails a situation that the government regulates the ownership of products it had no role in production. Such levels of intervention will render the market unhealthy leading to its underperformance (Ebeling, 2009). For instance, the intervention of government into the Latvian market allowed experts to make decisions for the entire population to the disadvantage of the market. As such, the government took part in the deteriorating economy of the nation. Another example is that of the former USSR that suffered huge economic loses due to increased government intervention into the markets. Having the government making ownership decisions of private properties is a violation of individual rights to ownership. Individuals will as a result lack motivation of producing more commodities serving a severe blow to markets evident in these two nations.
The United States prosperity is due to the free markets though there are experts that dispute this fact. Allowing innovators and entrepreneurs to operate with minimal political interference lead to growing businesses and a thriving nation (Ebeling, 2009). Recently, government intervention is increasing having negative effects on the country’s economy. Research indicates that in the 1980s, only around two million individuals received checks from the government but now more than twenty million are part of the scheme. Such reliance on the government is increased intervention of the government into the free market. The argument of redistributing wealth is not convincing. Federal and state governments should allow individuals to fend for themselves. That is, produce commodities that they can sell to better their lives and that of the entire country.
Bailing out businesses has become a source of public debate in the modern America. From major banks to General Motors, the government has been bailing out falling companies. Such a behavior is a characteristic of continued interference of the free market by the United States government. Entrepreneurs should be responsible of their actions. This has the meaning that once an individual decides to ventures into a business, there ought to be ready and aware of the risks and the threats that they expose themselves. Once that person’s policies lead to the collapse of their business, the government should not intervene and should allow such businesses to collapse to allow responsible behaviors of entrepreneurs. Bailing out businesses is allowing them to engage in risky behaviors with the knowledge of government support in case of failure. This promotes monopoly and gives them a competitive advantage over other similar organizations.
Though bailing out businesses should not be part of a free market, there are exceptions necessary. Such exceptions include failure due to unfair policies on the part of the government and in instances when an entire sector of the economy is facing the threat of collapse leading to human crises. Sometimes the government enters into agreements or formulates policies that are unfair to certain businesses. Such interventions may lead to the collapse of a business and the government has the ethical mandate of bailing out such enterprises. On the other hand, if there is the threat of collapse of an entire sector such as communications that might hamper the entire economy, there is need for government intervention. The government has however, no mandate to make such decisions single-handedly and consultations are necessary.
References
Tocqueville, A. (1835). From Democracy in America. Langley: J. & H.G. Langley Publishers.
Smith, A. (1809).An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. California: University of California Press.
Williams. E. W. (2006).Entrepreneurship and the spirit of America. Virginia: University of Virginia Press.
Ebeling, R. M. (2009).The conditions of free market capitalism. Michigan: Hillsdale College press.
Read, L. R. (2009). I, Pencil. New York: Foundation for Economic Education Publishers.
Potential Compensation Components
Potential Compensation Components
There are various compensations offered to employee of a U.S. Business who is being given the opportunity to take a job at a foreign work site as below. Firstly salary overtime pay, this is given employees who take extra time to work for the business (Gastl, 2009). It is offered as an appreciation prize to his work, this empowers an individual and does not feel wasted for the work done. Alternatively the employee is also legible to bonus compensations in which he or she has done (Wanniski, 1978).
Besides the above an employee will also get hotel accommodations to ease his work, An individual receives these compensation to enable him report to work on time. Besides reporting on time it also ease proper management of work in business. An individual working in a foreign country on behalf of the USA business will also get reimbursement for travel expenses to ease the marketing of the good in that particular country (Wanniski, 1978). It also enables him to hold rallies for marketing and promotion purposes of which there greater compensations offered according to the stock sold. These act as a motivation embracement to an employee to perform the work without home stress.
Furthermore an individual receives a compensation in case of discrimination in the foreign country, this has been accorded in act 8 of the USA government concerning any employee working on their behalf. Any kind of violation, racial discrimination is highly compensated. Lastly any employee working on behalf of USA business in another foreign country is viable to get profit sharing compensation to which not even a contributor he or she must get (Gastl, 2009). These service services are good to employees as it is made practical to monthly necessities.
Satisfied employees always give out the best outcomes and better performance by any business is the ultimate goal. The US has made that possible by improving the welfare of the employees.
References
Gastl, R. (2009). CIP in Environmental Management and human resource, Zurich Print. New York
Wanniski, J. (1978). The Way the World Works; How Economy of America Supports Employees, Orthodox Press, New York
The Factors Affecting a Woman as a Manger
Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
Course
Date
The Factors Affecting a Woman as a Manger
Term Paper Outline: The Factors Affecting a Woman as a Manger
Major: Business Management
Research Question: What are the factors affecting a woman in the management position at the workplace?
Aim: The aim of this paper is to discuss the factors affecting a woman as a manager
Type of focus: Effects/Impacts.
Introduction
Hook 1: In many societies, females are considered as the inferior sex and as a result women are deprived of certain honor and roles that are frequently left for men. Such roles include leadership, management, disposal of property and administration. Management in organizations has for some decades been left for men. However, with the recent change and rise of women to these positions, there have been many questions and challenges towards making it a success. Many people believe that women managers cannot lead an organization to achieve the set objectives. This has been affecting women’s performance at work as managers (Punnett, Duffy and Fox 6).
Hook 2: Sustainable and significant performance of an organization cannot be achieved without the incorporation and participation of both women and men in the management process. With a balanced participation at the work place calls for abolition and rejection of all forms of discrimination against woman managers and exclusion of women in the decision making processes. According to Billing and Alvesson (32), even though women consists of the world’s largest population as compared to men, they continue be discriminated and are omitted when filling management positions. This has become a major challenge in the community as well as in the organization as the stereotyping is affecting women’s performance as managers.
Connecting Sentences to Thesis
Point 1: For decades now, the assumption has been that women are not managers and they do not fit to lead any organization in the society. This is one factor that has affected the ability of women to be active managers.
Point 2: In addition, different literature argues that as compared to some decades ago, women have started participating in management positions around the world. However, with the growing increase of women participation in management spheres, it is generally noted that women have been failing in the formal management roles because of different factors (Mullahy 14).
Point 3: According to Bilimoria and Linley (12), the main factors that have affected women participation in management position include uneven socio-economic opportunities, structural barriers, inadequate access support groups and mentors among others. Additionally, there are some rigid workplace structures that hinder the performance of women in management positions.
Point 4: The present society is no exception to the factors that hinder women in the management position.
Thesis Statement: Women in management position are a growing phenomenon that needs to be nurtured. Different organizations have embraced having women in their management position and the trend is on an upward scale. However, there are some factors that are affecting women’s performance on the management positions. This paper looks the factors that have been hindering women from achieving the best at the management positions in the workplace (Punnett, Duffy and Fox 6).
Body Paragraphs
Main Point 1: The greatest factor that is affecting women’s performance in management position is the fact that they are presented with uneven socio-economic opportunities.
Sub-point 1: When women are presented with uneven socio-economic opportunities their ability to work in the organizations is negatively affected.
Response: This implies that performance at work runs on an equal level with socio-economic status of an individual. All workers need to be given equal opportunities regardless of status or gender.
Sub-point 2: Men usually feel socially and economically powerful over women therefore discouraging the women from leading (Davidson and Burk 3).
Response: Equality in the organization will help neutralize the phobia women have against men.
Main Point 2: Work place structural barriers also hinder or affect women’s performance in management in an organization.
Sub-point 1: In most cases organizations have internal laws that affect the women’s performance as they can be rigid to women and suppress their authority.
Response: Better organization policies and rules are significant to promoting women’s leadership position and strengthening their management skills.
Sub-point 2: A lot of time is wasted while following the structures put in place to hinder women’s effective execution of powers (Davidson and Burk 6).
Response: Bureaucratic structures put in place in organization to limit women’s performance should be disbanded and women managers given the freedom to perform certain tasks on their own.
Main Point 3: Finally lack of adequate access support groups and mentors has also contributed to poor performance of women in leadership positions.
Sub-point 1: Support groups and mentors are one way through which women managers can be strengthened, taught and encouraged on how to become better managers (Bilimoria 39).
Response: Women should find support groups within the locality in which they stay for them to become better mangers as these groups give tips and lessons on how to be good women managers.
Sub-point 2: Lack of mentors discourages women from management positions as they feel that they cannot perform on their own.
Response: Use of mentors allows them to learn from already established women leaders who have achieved success.
Work Cited
Bilimoria, D. Women in Stem Careers. Edward Elgar Publishing Company, 2014. Internet resource.
Bilimoria, Mark and Linley, Janet. Women in Organization Leadership. New York: USA. 2010. Print.
Billing, Yvonne D, and Mats Alvesson. Gender, Managers, and Organizations. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1994. Print.
Davidson, Marilyn J, and Ronald J. Burke. Women in Management: Current Research Issues. London: SAGE, 2000. Print.
Mullahy, Catherine M. The Case Manager’s Handbook. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett, 2010. Print.
Punnett, B J, J A. Duffy, and S Fox. Successful Professional Women of the Americas: From Polar Winds to Tropical Breezes. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub, 2006. Internet resource.