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Position Paper on why abortion should be legalized
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Position Paper on why abortion should be legalized
The number of unwanted pregnancies in a yearly basis is at 70 million, and this is according to research. There are many reasons why women choose to have abortions. Some of the reasons include; economic resources, family relationships, medical care availability and the health of the woman. The given reasons will influence the decision a woman makes concerning whether to undergo an abortion, or to keep the pregnancy. The woman is the one who makes the final decision concerning the abortion issue. The issue of abortion is often the cause of debate among many people and thus, it needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
This paper seeks to give an analysis on the reasons why women should be accorded the right to safe and legal abortions. It also seeks to refute the claims and arguments that exist concerning anti-abortion.
Analysis of the reasons, why women should be entitled to safe and legal abortions
The reproductive life and health of women should be respected by governments. The latter should create an environment whereby, human rights decisions are made by women. Every year, the number of women who have abortions is 46 million. It is vital that the pregnancy is terminated safely, due to accessibility of care and facilities that exist for this purpose. Abortion is a basic right that women have, and governments should not punish women. The health and life of a woman is at risk when she decides to have an abortion in facilities not approved by the government. Freedom from discrimination, health and life guarantee, are reasons why abortion should be legal. Furthermore, decision making that focuses on reproductive autonomy is another reason for advocating for abortion (World Health Organization, 2003.1).
Various instruments of human rights advocate for the right to life. According to research, most women lose their lives in countries where abortion is not allowed by law. This is because the practice is life threatening and unsafe. The World Health Organization estimates that every year, the number of unsafe abortions is 20 million. In turn, the number of women who lose their lives is 70,000 (World Health Organization, 2003.1). The right to life, which women have, is infringed upon by laws that do not allow abortion. The result is that maternal mortality rates are high due to unsafe abortions. Governments have been given a mandate by the United Nations to ensure that women undergo safe abortions. Moreover, governments should enact laws that are in favor of abortion and thus, women will benefit.
Secondly, the right to health of the highest standards is awarded to women, and this is according to International Law. The health of women is threatened if they undergo abortions, which are unsafe. They are highly susceptible to Pelvic Inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, and uterine perforation. Governments should implement and come up with laws that will maintain and promote the health of women. This is possible through making abortion services accessible, and the legal restrictions that exist being removed. A concern of public health is that unsafe abortions have an enormous impact to society. If abortion is legalized, providers of abortion services should be well equipped and trained. All key measures should be considered to ensure the health of women is safeguarded (Shah, 2004.15).
Thirdly, according to the law on human rights, women are entitled to right to gender. This is because humans should be free from discrimination, as they are protected by several rights. When women are not allowed to have abortions, which are safe, they are being discriminated against. Countries that have banned abortion are in reality discriminating women. Women cannot enjoy excellent health if access to safe abortion is denied (Berer, 2000.585). In the end, unwanted pregnancies bring about emotional and physical consequences that affect the woman. Some injuries that are maternally related include; obstructed labor and hemorrhage. Men do not experience the problems and risks that women do after obtaining an abortion (Berer, 2005.7). Women are denied the opportunity to control their lives and their bodies, as their capacity is undermined and denigrated. In some cultures, if women are awarded rights, they are viewed as being superior to men. The latter is a form of discrimination that should not be allowed as its impact is detrimental.
Lastly, women have rights that dictate their reproductive self determination. This means that they are responsible for decisions that affect their bodies. Matters that are private should be respected; as if this is not adhered to it infringes a basic right. Some of these rights include; privacy, spacing children before giving birth, and being free to make decisions. The emotional and physical well being of women is threatened is they keep unwanted pregnancies. Since it is women who know when they are ready to make decisions, governments should not interfere. If governments make abortion safe and legal, women will benefit (Pollack & Pine, 2000.187). They plan for families that they can effectively take care off without any burdens. Women who are raped should not be forced to bear children who will not be loved and accepted. In turn, the child will be miserable, as they lack motherly love and thus their lives are ruined. Also, research has found out that some women become pregnant due to failed contraceptives. Thus, seeking an abortion is a right that should be entitled to such women, as they are not ready to have children.
Counter arguments exist among people who do not want abortion to be legalized. It is believed by religious groups that abortion is a sin, as it takes a life. In this case, it is the life of the unborn child. According to the Christian Holy Bible, those who have an abortion have committed the sin of murder. In society, those found guilty of committing murder are punished by the law. The latter should also be applicable to those who undergo and perform abortions. Another argument, which exists concerning abortion, is that women risk losing their lives when they have abortions. It is likely that they will lose their lives while undergoing the procedure or while recuperating. Furthermore, the cost of health services has increased drastically, and treating the complications of abortion is extremely expensive. This means that the money should be used for more beneficial matters, rather than in committing murder.
Conclusion
In conclusion, abortion should be safe as well as legal, so that women benefit from the procedure. Furthermore, a lot should be done to ensure that governments make abortion services legal. In turn, women will live lives that are meaningful and healthy, as they make decisions that are vital to them. Indeed, abortion is an issue, that should be, dealt with accordingly while keeping in mind, the right of women.
Work Cited
World Health Organization (WHO), Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems 12 (2003).
Pollack, A. & Pine, N. Opening a door to safe abortion: international perspectives on medical abortifacient use. Journal of America Medical Women’s Association, 55, (2000): 186–88.
Berer, M. Making abortions safe: a matter of good public health policy and practice. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 580–92.
Shah, I. & Ahman, E. Age patterns of unsafe abortion in developing country regions. Reproductive Health Matters, 12, (2004): 9–17.
Berer, M. National laws and unsafe abortion: the parameters of change. Reproductive Health Matters, 12, (2004): 1–8.
Position Paper On Academic Freedom In A Physical Therapy Program
Position Paper On Academic Freedom In A Physical Therapy Program
The aim of physical therapy programs is to ensure that people become professional and competent as they pursue this career path. The program focuses on public engagement, service, teaching, and making sure that research on health care is advanced. Furthermore, students, alumni, staff and faculty should at all times be engaged in activities that culminate in citizenship, integrity and leadership. This means that the society is assured of obtaining the services of therapists who are extremely competent. Academic freedom is achieved when students are involved in the physical therapy program. There are many values, which are leant, and this reflects upon how they relate with other practitioners. The program focuses on communication that is open, honest and truthful. Moreover, the well being and development of students is acquired. This is due to debate and academic freedom that students are entitled to (American Physical Therapy Association, 2011).
There are many people who require the help of qualified therapists such as children with birth defects, or even elderly people with limb and joint problems. The latter are in need of specialized services in order to be on the right path to recovery. Therapists help them to reduce their pain, improve mobility, and restore function among other things. There has to be an existing relationship between health care providers and physical therapists in order for patients to recover fully. Provision of crutches, prosthetics devices, using gait training, ultra sound and electrical simulation are some treatments patients are subjected (Basson, 2010).
Physical therapy programs need to be flexible as well as allow for students to specialize in what interests them. Students should have an opportunity to specialize in areas such as pediatrics, sports, neurological, wellness, orthopedics, and cardiopulmonary. This means that there are various electives that students can choose from, depending on their preferences and career path. Also, renowned experts in the field of physical therapy should always be available to mentor the students. Moreover, the students should be offered help while carrying out their projects, specialty clinical and choosing electives that are advanced (Basson, 2010).
It is a known fact that most students who choose to major in physical therapy programs have limited choices. In turn, they are denied their academic freedom while undertaking their studies. For example, students should have choices such as athletic training and exercise physiology. They will be able to combine the mentioned majors with physical therapy in order to make themselves extremely marketable (Inverarity &Grossman, 2007). The education attained from physical therapy programs should be complemented with sport medicine or human performance training. Students should carry out their coursework in other settings apart from the usual classroom. In becoming better professionals, clinical experience is needed and should take place in various states. Many people and organizations are now aware of the fact that they need the services of physical therapists. Workers in organizations should be aware of the precautions they need to take, so as to have safe working habits. The latter has to attend specialized training programs that are conducted by physical therapists. In conclusion, a physical therapy program should ensure that its students achieve academic freedom. The students should undertake relevant courses that will make them succeed in their career also, become marketable.
References
Basson, Annalie (2010). HYPERLINK “http://www.ifompt.com/About+IFOMPT/History.html” “History: Abridged version of IFOMPT History”. International Federation of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). Retrieved from http://www.ifompt.com/About+IFOMPT/History.html.
Inverarity, Laura. &Grossman, K. (2007). HYPERLINK “http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/typesofphysicaltherapy/a/typesofpt.htm” “Types of Physical Therapy”. About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved from http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/typesofphysicaltherapy/a/typesofpt.htm.
American Physical Therapy Association. (2011). HYPERLINK “http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Consumers1&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=39568″ Discovering Physical Therapy. What is physical therapy”. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Physical_Therapy_Association” o “American Physical Therapy Association” American Physical Therapy Association. Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Consumers1&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=39568” http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Consumers1&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=39568.
The environmental components identified and relevant measures
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Summary
The author of the article starts by classifying the environmental components that have adverse effect on today business operations. Environmental components affecting businesses are classified as internal environment or the external environment. The internal components are the generally controllable factors that an organization can control, modify, or alter them. On the other hand, the external environmental factors are such components related to economic, society, government, and law. The author gives an example of an Indian industry whose production rose by 8.21% after the management took control of all the environmental components. Leaders are presently facing many challenges due to the ever changing environment as advancement in technology and globalization keeps growing. The article discusses Indian companies who make huge profits by ensuring their managers take control of the social-cultural components. The author calls for managers of various organizations to make concrete decisions that takes control of the future changes in the business world. Moreover, the article gives an analysis of the strategic, leadership, and decision making processes that managers should possess while dealing with environmental components affecting a business (Kundu 5-12).
The environmental components identified and relevant measures
The most dangerous environmental components that have serious effects on a business are those associated with the external environment. Social-culture component contribute a lot to the growth and development of an organization. In addition, the component takes control of business ethics in addressing the issues of employees, customers, and the society. A manager who fails to follow the social-cultural rules of a business finds it hard managing the business irrespective of its output. Managers should take strict measures about these issues by ensuring they study all the cultural and ethnicity values about any location they wish to start a business. Moreover, managers should hire labor from the local people in order to avoid quarrels and destructive of properties by angry residents. The management style used by people who really understands culture makes the firm successful. Cultural dimensions contribute a large percentage of a business growth especially when an organization controls cultural challenges associated with international organizations (Kundu 15-20).
Impact of the component to an organization strategy, leadership, decision-making process
Managers should come up with perfect business strategies that ensure an organization takes control of any social and cultural issues affecting it. The strategies involve hiring employees which are competent enough with organization culture, motivating employees, and involving the society in various business operations. In addition, Indian business leaders possessed perfect leadership qualities when it comes to social-cultural issues. These issues are environmentally triggered and leaders should always be alert to offer solutions to such issues. Third, social-cultural component of business environment has an impact on business activities. It touches on crucial issues like power sharing, and distribution of duties. Industry managers in India had to make crucial decisions on who to select as a leader in a manner that will not lead to quarrels. In addition, the cultural component describes the relationship between an individual and groups in an organization. An essence of individualism is created that affects the relationship between the organization employees, and stakeholders (Kundu 16-30).
Significance of the occurrence
The article acts as a lesson to other managers who ignore simple business rules. Environmental components contribute a lot to the success of any organization. In addition, the article gives examples of industries in India whose profit margin rose within a very short period after putting into consideration the effect of environmental components on business success. On the other hand, this occurrence gives an opportunity to potential entrepreneurs to come up with the best strategies, select best leaders, and decision makers before starting any business.
Work cited
Kundu. K. K. The Mirage of an Industrial Production Revival. 2013. Retrieved from:
h HYPERLINK “ttp://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/12/12/the-mirage-of-an-industrial-production-r” ttp://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/12/12/the-mirage-of-an-industrial-production-revival/? KEYWORDS=environmental+component+effect+on+business