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The Effects of Globalization on National Culture; The Algerian Case

Negative Effects

Pepperell R 2005, Transition and Development: Patterns, Challenges and Implications of Change in Algeria, Intellect, UK.

Pepperell reviews the inherent developments that characterize the process of globalization and the implication that they have had on Algeria. In chapter en, he ascertains that globalization has had significant impacts on the Algerian football and sport. Increasingly, the teams are expected to adhere to certain standards in order to attain global recognition. Thus their traditional values suffer detrimental effects as a result of erosion. The only limitation for this study pertains to its limited scope.

Ngwainmbi E 2000, Africa in the Global Infosupermarket: Perspectives and Prospects, Journal of Black Studies, 30: 534-52.

The author cites that technological advancements have adverse effects on the cultural and value systems of developing countries such as Africa. According to him, it has culminated in inequality as very few individuals can afford the technology and employ it for beneficial purposes. He recommends that respective governments are still faced with the challenge of educating the masses about the importance of technology and empowering them to have unlimited access to it. The study was considered important for the subject under review because of its useful insights regarding the impacts of technology on African culture.

Rudra, N 2002, Globalization and the Decline of Welfare State in Less-Developed Countries, International Organization, 56, 411-45.

Rudra explores the social and cultural issues in developing countries and underscores their relationship to globalization. She maintains that Algeria for instance suffers the negative impacts of unemployment, low political power and lack of vital skills. She challenges political leaders to be more responsible about improving social welfare programs. By highlighting the relationship between social and cultural concerns and globalization in Algeria, the study contributed immensely to the subject under review.

Mander J & Goldsmith E1996, The Case Against the Global Economy and for a Turn Toward the Local, Sierra Club Books, San Francisco.

The authors have provided useful information regarding the negative impacts of globalization on the cultural aspect f the society. By use of essays, they recommend that developing countries need to use local technologies in order to enhance sustainability. Various deductions that are related to this study contribute significantly to the review at hand.

Speth J 2003, World’s Apart: Globalization and the Environment, Island Press, USA.

Speth asserts that globalization has made the native societies of countries such as Algeria to explore economic benefits of natural resources. This has culminated in environmental deterioration as a result of erosion of cultural values that were fundamental in environmental conservation. It is for this consideration that he study was considered imperative for the subject under review.

Marling W, 2006, How America is Globalization, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

The author ascertains the Americanization has had negative impacts on the local languages, education systems and eating habits of the Algerian natives. This has in return culminated in a change in local cultures as American values are adopted to address the needs of the native societies. The in depth exploration of these concerns influenced the adoption of this review for the current study.

Cowen T 2002, Creative Destruction, How Globalization is Changing the World’s Cultures, Princeton University Press, USA.

The author uses a wide array of examples to underscore the different impacts of globalization on world cultures. Essentially, he indicates that this has culminated in the development of a global culture and diversity has been compromised. He cites developing countries such as Algeria to have suffered the most because their cultural attributes are seldom incorporated in the world culture. It is for this reason that this study was considered imperative for this study.

Global Forum Policy, 2007, Globalization of Culture, Retrieved 19th July, 2010 from:

HYPERLINK “http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cultural/index.htm” http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cultural/index.htm

Global foreign policy cites that the Soccer World Cup is an ideal model of successful globalization. The global countries have increasingly benefited from others as they have a chance to learn the ideal of other countries. Regardless of the fact that the study does not directly address Algerian experience, deductions can be made because Algeria has successfully participated in such activities in the past.

Hjavard S 2010, The globalization of language, How Media Contribute to the Spread of English and the Emergence of Medialects, Retrieved 19th July, 2010 from:

HYPERLINK “http://www.nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf” http://www.nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf

Hjavard asserts that the English language has increasingly assumed an elevated position is global operations. The article affirms that the media has played an integral role in perpetuating this state of affirms. Notably, Algeria has not been exempted from this and a global language is employed in communication. This has had negative impacts on the languages of the natives that have been threatened by erosion.

Muyale-manenji, F 2007, The Effects of Globalization on The Culture of Africa in the Eyes f an African Women, Retrieved 19th July, 2010 from: HYPERLINK “http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/effglob.html” http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/effglob.html

The article ascertains that in the modern time, culture has become increasingly dynamic as a result of globalization. The Algerian experience has not been exceptional as cultural aspects such as music and mode of dressing are exposed to various changes on a daily basis. It is for this reason that the study was considered imperative for the subject under review.

Lipton M 1977, Why Poor People Stay Poor, Urban Bias in World Development, Temple Smith, London.

The author indicates that the current state of developing economies such as Algeria can be contributed to a blind assumption of western modes of production. The erosion of critical values according to him has contributed to the current crisis. The impacts of globalization have been implicated for this state of affairs.

Pereira W & Seabrook J 1994, Global Parasites, Five Hundred Years of Western Culture, Earthcare Books, Bombay.

To begin with, the authors indicate that the current state of developing countries with regard to culture is worrying. This can be attributed to the globalization trends that have compelled traditional communities of countries such as Algeria to assume modern cultural values. This has led to assumption of western practices at the expense of the welfare of the locals. Western countries are labeled parasites by the authors because of the inherent lack of sustainability and injustice of the relationships they share with developing economies.

Shiva V 1988, Staying Alive, Women Ecology and Development, Zed Books, London.

The author begins by underscoring the benefits of women on the environment. He indicates that Algerian women used to interact in a sustainable manner with the environment before the introduction of globalization. He blames globalization for erosion of vital cultural beliefs, practices and taboos that were imperative in environmental protection.

Huntington P 1996, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Touchstone, New York.

Huntington ascertains that globalization has had far reaching impacts on global populations. This is because most of its values and virtues conflict with the traditional value system. Specifically, cultural aspects of traditional populations in countries such as Algeria have suffered the most as they have been eroded. This information was considered important for the study at hand.

Schaeffer K 2002, Understanding Globalization, The Social Consequences of Political, Economic and Environmental Change, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham.

The author provides important information regarding the social consequences of globalization. With regard to the cultural transformations, the author cites that the development of a global culture has enabled all countries to assume similar values and virtues that are fundamental for harmonic living. Native populations of Algeria according to the author can be able to interact effectively with the rest of the global populations. With an economy that is depended on the production of other countries, this is undoubtedly essential for effective functioning.

Waters M 1995, Globalization, Rutledge, New York.

According to waters, one main impact that globalization has had on the Algerian population is the migration of individuals form the region to other parts of the globe in search for better standards of living. The adoption of new cultural ideals has had both positive and negative impacts.

Positive Impacts

Hobart M 1993, An Anthropological Critique of Development, Rutledge, London.

The Author provides an explicit analysis of World development in light of Globalization. According to him, globalization has borne beneficial effects as traditional cultures that are found in developing countries can benefit form the liberal values from the west. This contribution influenced the use of this study for the review at hand.

Herman S & Robert M 1997, The Global Media, Continuum, New York

The authors appreciate the fact that media has played an instrumental role in aiding the movement of information across the globe. With regard to the impacts on the cultural welfare of native populations, the author ascertains that the fact the media is held in high regard by the society has enhanced public assumption of attributes and values that it advocates for.

Tomlinson J 1991, Cultural Imperialism; A Critical Introduction, Continuum, London

Tomlinson maintains that the American impact on the world culture can be considered an ideal form of modern imperialism. In particular, he indicates that the American control of the media and the policies that it advocates for have compelled other nations to assume its ideals. This has in return led to erosion of traditional value systems that were fundamental in enhancement of social cohesion. Nonetheless, it has contributed to liberalization that is fundamental for survival.

Lappe F, Collins J & Rosset P 1998, World Hunger: 12 Myths, Earthscan, London.

The authors ascertain that world hunger has been characterized by various myths. Among them is the effect of globalization that argues that the erosion of traditional modes of production in preference for modern approaches contributes to persistent hunger. However, the authors indicate that sustainable use of modern approaches is comparatively beneficial.

Rich B 1994, Mortgaging the Earth: The World bank, Environmental Impoverishment and Crisis of Development, Beacon Press, Boston

The author indicates that current developments have increasingly undermined environmental sustainability. The underlying objectives of economic development have been questioned by the author on the premise that they essentially seek to benefit the north. The South on the other hand suffers devastating effects that stem from assumption of western cultural ideals.

Appadurai A 1996, Modernity at Large, Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, University of Minnesota Press, USA.

The author explores different conceptions of globalizations in light of cultural changes. He cites that the free movement of information had enabled native communities of developing countries like Algeria to assume flexibility with respect to decision making. However, he also points out that the inability to mainstream traditional aspects in the cultural changes has culminated in diverse impacts.

Barber B 1996, Jihad Vs McWorld, How globalization and Tribalism are Reshaping the World, Ballantine, New York.

The author indicates that globalization has had significant effects on native populations of the developing world. In most instances however, they benefit from the world ideologies although in certain cases, they suffer detrimental effects of globalization.

Bauman Z 2000, Globalization; The Human Consequences, Columbia, New York.

The author provides an explicit review of the impacts of globalization on the different facets of the society. He underscores the fact that the free movement of individuals from the developing world and vice versa has led to the development of a world culture that is appreciated by the entire global population. Use of a common language for instance has enabled developing countries to benefit from western knowledge.

Friedman T 1990, The Lexus and the Olive Tree, Understanding Globalization, Anchor, New York.

Globalization according to the author is an all inclusive aspect that is characterized by intricate and augmenting factors. In essence, it leads to a various social, economic and cultural changes and populations are often forced to adapt new ways of life. Generally, Friedman provides an explicit analysis of this concept. This information is undoubtedly invaluable for understanding the meaning and background of globalization.

Giddens A 2000, Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives, Rutledge, New York

Giddens explores the various impacts of globalization on human life. With regard to the case of Algeria, he cites that globalization has changed the attitudes and perceptions of populations towards different aspects. Currently, he asserts that the mode of communication has improved and Algeria can be considered part of the global whole. According to him, this was an inevitable phenomenon.

Hardt M & Antonio N 2001, Empire, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

The authors compare the characteristics of an empire from a traditional point of view against the modern perspective. Notably, this has undergone various changes that can be attributed to the emergence of the global culture. In particular, language, religion and technology have been cited to have contributed immensely to the current state of affairs. It is for this reason that this contribution was used in the study.

Held D & McGrew A 1999, Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

The authors present the impact of globalization of the political economic and cultural facets f the current society. Useful information for this study was derived form the cultural segments that explores the transformations that different populations have undergone.

Robertson R 1992, Globalization, Social Theory and Global Culture, Sage, London

The author evaluates the impacts of globalization from a theoretical point of view. He concludes that this was an inevitable factor that has contributed significantly to the pace and social cohesion being experienced on a global scale. This information was considered important for this study because of its ability to accredit the study with regard to theoretical underpinning.

Mische P & Melissa M 2001, Towards a Global Civilization, Lang New York.

The author ascertains that the current trends are leading towards a global civilization. Cultural aspects have been homogenized to and al populations benefit immensely from these.

Lerner N 2000, Religion, Beliefs and International Human Rights, Orbis, Maryknoll.

This author ascertains that the indigenous communities of Algeria currently approve of the modern religious values and beliefs. This can be attributed to a common religious practice in the region.

Kurtz L 1995, Gods in the Global Village, Pine Forge, Thousand Oaks.

Kurtz ascertains the fact that the current religious beliefs are similar and have contributed significantly on the development of a common value system. This according to him explains why differences and conflicts are very minimal irrespective of the fact that interactions and movement of populations are on the rise.

Sacks J 2002, The Dignity of Difference: How to Avoid the clash of Civilization, Continuum: New York.

The author begins by acknowledging the inherent diversity that characterizes world populations. Then, he appreciates the realization that globalization has led to the free flow of information, products, technology and movement of populations.

Stackhouse M 2002, Theology for the 21st Century Series, Trinity Press International, Harrisburg.

The author affirms that a common religion has impacted significantly on the value system of the native populations. In return, this has greatly impacted on the cultural beliefs and practices of the conventional populations. Religious teachings have changed societal perceptions of the deity and likewise, modes of worship have also changed significantly.

Hans K 1998, A Global Ethic for Global Politics, Cultures and Economics, Oxford University Press, New York.

Hans indicates that currently, the values and virtues that are assumed by different populations are increasingly similar. In addition, common codes of conduct are employed in politics and economics. In the Algerian context, this has in some cases led to conflicts as global values that are preferred by a majority of the population conflict with the traditional ideals. Nevertheless, the ultimate impact according to the author is beneficial to the natives.

Turner B 1994, Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalism, Rutledge, New York.

In his last chapter, the author provides factual information regarding the impact of globalization on native societies in Algeria. According to him, the inherent changes have been contributed to by introduction of a western education system that had massive impacts on the attitudes and practices of the local populations.

Murden S 2002, Islam, Africa and the New Global Hegemony, Reiner, Boulder.

The Author explores the Impact of Islam on African countries and Countries of the Middle East. He affirms that cultural ideals have been mainstreamed in religious teachings in this region. This has borne sustainable effects and more that ever; countries of this region value their religious and cultural practices. It is a model exemplification of how globalization issues can be effectively mainstreamed in local culture.

Berger P 2002, Many Globalizations: Cultural diversity in the Contemporary World, Oxford University Press, New York.

The author argues that globalization has led to the assumption of multiple cultures by native populations of Algeria. In this regard, it is indicated that besides the local cultures, populations in this region understand and appreciate the international cultures that were introduced by globalization. In this consideration therefore, it can be ascertained that modern cultures are mainly diversified.

Held D & Anthony M 2000, The Global Transformations Reader, Polity, Cambridge.

The authors explore the various dimensions of globalization and the inherent changes that societies have undergone as a result of assuming the characteristic practices. With respect to cultural changes, Held and Anthony content that native societies have assumed international languages in communications; they have changed their modes of worship and have increasingly changed their value system too. This has borne positive result as unlike in the past, current populations freely interact with each other and benefit immensely from free access to invaluable information.

Lechner F & Boli J 2000, The Globalization Reader, Blackwell, Oxford.

The authors indicate that Globalization is a phenomenon that has yielded significant beneficial effects. In particular, they cite various developments in the third world to be attributed to the globalization phenomenon. With respect to the cultural development, Lechner and Boli argue that education and relative western beliefs and practices have enabled populations form third world countries to improve their standards of living.

O’meara P, Howard m & Krain M 2000, Globalization and the Challenge of a New Century, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

The authors agree that besides having significant beneficial effects, globalization presents a host of challenges especially to native populations. Drawing the case study of Algeria, they indicate that intrinsic aspects need to be effectively mainstreamed in the process of transformation in order to yield beneficial effects.

Worser D 1993, The Wealth of Nature, Oxford University Press, New York.

The current consumption methods have been implicated by Worser to have contributed significantly to environmental deterioration. Unlike traditional modes of consumption that were sustainable in nature, current consumption methods are materialistic and have led to environmental destruction. The author suggests that in order to counter the scenario, traditional beliefs and practices need to be revisited and mainstreamed in current policies that govern exploitation of natural resources.

Thompson J 2003, The Globalization of Communication, Polity, Cambridge

In this review, the author asserts that communication systems have contributed significantly to globalization. In general, he commends advance sin communication for enhancing information flow. He cites that this has been made possible through the employment of a common language by global populations.

Schirato T & Webb D 2003, Understanding Globalization, Sage, London

The author dedicates an entire chapter to the exploration of the impacts of globalization on culture sin the developing world. From his point of view, third world economies that have blindly adopted international policies as opposed to domesticating them are likely to suffer devastating impacts as opposed to their counterparts.

McLuhan M 2001, Understanding Media, Rutledge, London

According to McLuhan, the media plays an integral role in enhancing globalization. Through communication, it presents to the populations a wide range of global cultures and makes them popular. This study informed the subject under review about the role of technology in the transfer of culture from one region to another.

Harvey D, 1989, The Condition of Post Modernity, Oxford University Press, Blackwell.

The author provides a comprehensive review of the unique characteristics of post modernity and how globalization has contributed to the state of affairs. He ascertains that currently, local cultures can be considered global because they are known and appreciated on a global scale. Further, he indicates that post modernity presents more cultural challenges because of incidences of increased intermarriages than preceding eras.

Dayan D 2001, The Peculiar Public of Television, Media, Culture and Society, 23 (6), 743-65

The author argues that the development of a common global culture was greatly contributed to by technology such as television. This enlaces free flow of information to different segments of the society. Since it has portrayed the western culture to be ideal, traditional culture in the South is threatened by complete erosion.

Webster F 2000, The Idea of Information Society, Rutledge, London

According to Webster, the current society is greatly influenced by information and technology. To a great extent, current societies can be considered to be modernized as traditional ideal are considered primitive. This trend ha threatened diversity that is imperative for sustainable growth.

Castells M 2000, The Rise of Networks Society, Blackwell, Oxford.

Castells maintains that current societies share intricate relations. Developing countries such as Algeria have increasingly adopted international values and standards in order to co exist in a harmonic manner. According to the author, the inherent force is compelling.

Jan V 2006, The Network Society: Social aspects of New Media, Sage, London.

In this review, the author traces the history of technological advancements in a bit to underscore their contributions to the process of globalization. The recent development of social networking has had massive effects on the global culture as the rate of interaction has been threatened. Currently, the author expresses the concern for third world economies to uphold technological education.

Burnett R 1996, The Global Jukebox: The International Music Industry, Rutledge, New York.

In his review, Burnett indicates that music is a cultural aspect that had been impacted upon by globalization. According to him, this industry has undergone various transformations and just like other cultural aspects, certain forms of music have been undermined at the expense of those form western countries. However, the fact that they have been appreciated makes it an ideal way of embracing modernity and assuming relative values that are critical for survival.