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Hitler’s Views on the Jews Religion

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Hitler’s Views on the Jews Religion

Adolf Hitler sanctioned the killing of millions of Jews during the World War II in a genocide that is commonly referred to as the Holocaust. The Nazi Germans under the leadership of Hitler carried out these atrocities to the Jews which included brutal persecutions and massive killings. The Jews were determined to live through all these adversities; their spirit could not be easily broken. They held firmly to the hope that things will be fine someday and used every survival tactics available. The assortment of simple weapons available to them were used to fight the Nazi and they also dared to individually protest against and defy Nazi forces to the extent of risking death to obtain basic needs like food and clothing. Collaboration with the Nazi was a strategy for survival for the weak Jews or traitors to the cause although the majority endured the suffering with hope for a better future. Some Jews attempted to escape from the tribulations within the concentration camps but most of these attempts were futile for they would be arrested and receive stiff penalties. Many other Jewish families chose to barricade themselves or hide in caves away from the inhuman Nazis. The braver opted to die “honourably” thereby showing a strong opposition to the brutal and inhuman Nazis.

Jews jammed Ghettos where there was unimaginable suffering and were specifically built to ensure that Jews were confined in one area. Barbed wire marked the boundaries for these ghettos where men, women, the old and children were crammed without any consideration. Basic commodities like food and water were given in rations by the Nazis and movement in and out of the ghettos was strongly prohibited. The resultant humanitarian crisis was unimaginable. Food smuggling became the order of the day, with the smugglers at times getting apprehended and shot dead. The spirit of the people could not be subdued even with brutality from the Nazis as they continued to smuggle food and other goods across the fences and walls, sewers and underground tunnels.

Germans allowed some Jews to hide amongst them to save such collaborators from the pain in the ghettos through false documentation. Such Jews also disguised their physical attributes to hide their true identity in order to enjoy freedom. In doing this these Jews were at the mercy of the Germans whom they trusted but were at the same time exposing themselves to danger by revealing their identity to their enemy. This falsified life was dangerous and painful as they watched as their brothers were being brutalised while at the same time troubled with the fear of being detected as imposters. The strong willed Jews were the ones who managed because it was not easy to be calm while endangering your life. Many were unfortunately blackmailed by the same Germans who had promised to protect them and took their property only to be killed by these same Germans.

Numerous uprising emerged from the ghettos after news spread that Jews were being forced into concentration camps where they would be exterminated. Some of these uprisings were well organized and executed finding the Nazis off-guard hence were difficult to quell compared to the many that were relatively small, impulsive and executed with no proper plans. The Warsaw ghetto uprising is the most prominent uprising by the Jews. The extradition of Jews to extermination camps compelled the Jews to come up with this uprising. A great number of Jews in Warsaw armed themselves with all sorts of inferior arms like home-made explosives, pistols and bottles to face the Nazis. More weapons came their way from the Nazis they captured in the course of the war. The Jews lacked adequate ammunition compared to the Nazis and this greatly affected their advancement. Polish rebels boosted the Jews in their quest by getting rid of the collaborating Jews outside the ghettos. The enemy forces were kept at bay by the help of these rebels at the onset but the resistance was eventually extinguished the great number of Nazi forces who also enjoyed better ammunition.

Some Jews who were strong enough to work on the firms were detained in labour camps and many of which were sub-camps of bigger camps such as the extermination camps. They were forced to work up to 10 hours every day without rest. They provided labour in building of defence fortification, transport systems, regulated rivers, making of clothes at the Belzec. One section of their rooms had a kitchen with stoves and sewing shops. Some workers who were artisans lived together with tailors, barbers, stove workers and drivers. In the other sections most Jews who were used to the forced labour and were productive enough were brought together. They were sent to work in the sand pit s. In the forest they uprooted tree stumps. The soldiers disposed off dead Jews bodies by forcing other Jews to burying them before which they were made to pluck out their gold teeth. These workers saw it fit to comply with the demands of the enemy soldiers in order to live though many died due to the harsh condition of the camps. The massacre is one of the persistent canards that were levelled against humanity. Over the past century, the Jewish society including Judaism as a faith, were at league with communist ideologies and international communist conspiracy. This is justified by the fact that over the past years, numerous individuals have sought common cause with the communists. They have always done this as errant members of the Jewish faith and have represented Jews ideas and beliefs. On the contrary, all along Communism ideologies have always been based upon deceit, disbelief in God and murder. Jewish faith in no way did sync with the wretched communists way of thought.

Jews uprising started to take place in different concentration camps. They revolted in a bid to escape the harshness in these camps. For example in Treblinka concentration camp, there was a resistance that took place in 1943. The resistance was organized by the workers within the camp who torched the buildings and some of the detained Jews escaped. Despite the escape, many Jews were killed i.e. about the 1500 who tried to escape, 600 of them were killed. The revolt had to succeed only after gas supply was stopped for about a month. The revolt that took place in this camp became more successful than the revolt Treblinka because at the latter, 11 SS men and several Ukrainian guards were killed. In addition, 300 Jews tried to escape here were hunted down and killed over the days that followed. Only 50 Jews escaped death at the time of the war. They are the only who lived beyond the war to tell the tale. Another important uprising was that which happened at Auschwitz concentration camp. The people held up in this camp comprised of inmates. They provided forced labour in the gas chambers and crematoria (the Sonderkommandos). They made and used simple weapons such as axes, hammers, stones and other hand tools used for working and grenades.

People who chose to hide under constructed bunkers survived most of the attacks. They lived in large underground dig-outs. The Jews in ghettos were tirelessly constructing bunkers at night so that they would not be seen by their oppressors. The openings of the bankers were disguised so as to protect them from the Nazis. After some time of forced labour, skilled builders perfected their skills and they made some buildings under the ground of the houses and even made a living out of it. The buildings made underground were also meant for food storage in order to keep food that would last them for longer periods of months. They had communication difficulty with the outside and as a result a few shops had tunnels that were carefully dug out to connect them to the Aryan side for supplies. In Rohatyn, Jews built underground fortress known as Sebastopol for months during the night. Regrettably, the Nazi forces found out the entrance point to the underground fortress and flushed out its inhabitants.

Upon discovery of the truth of the extermination camps some Jews jumped off the moving trains that were transporting them to the camps. They were barely clothed but they jumped off into extremely harsh weather of freezing temperatures. Most were gunned down by the guards in trains but some managed to escape. They then struggled to find their way to safety through creative means of disguise and survival (Helmreich, 1943). In 1942, a religious Jew who had a beard and side locks jumped a moving “death” train. He found his way back home by masking himself as a mute with a toothache and concealing his beards and side locks with a rag.

Hundreds of thousands of Jews also fought alongside the Allied armies against the Nazi forces. The Polish Jews fought in the Polish armies (Polish Tanks corps, Air Force and Navy) in Poland and abroad against Nazi Germany. They defended Poland in 1939, abroad in France in 1940, in the Middle East, in North Africa and in Italy. Their collaboration with the Allied forces led to the great offensive with the eventual victory against Germany. Many of them also fought as part of Russian and French Underground movements.

Conclusion

Some Jews resorted to negotiation, bargaining and sometimes bribery of Nazi officials. These were encouraged by the Nazis through bodies such as Jewish Councils in the urban ghettos in Poland and the Reich Association of Jews in Germany. The latter was supposed to represent the interests of the Jews but was used to control and segregate the German and Austrian Jews and Gentiles of Jewish descent. Its leaders were appointees of the Third Reich. Later on it was mandated to select those to be deported. The latter of Poland was meant to serve as a link between the German authorities and the Jews in the ghettos. They were forced by the Nazis to provide from the Jewish population slave laborers and assist in the deportation of the Jews to the extermination camps.  

Works Cited

Helmreich, Ernst. Christian, “The German Churches under Hitler,” Wayne State University

Press, 1943.

Speer, Albert. “Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs by Albert Speer,” Galahad Books, 1956.

Trevor-Roper, H. [Introduction], “Hitler’s Table Talk 1941-44: His Private Conversations,

Redwood Press, Ltd., 1953.

Obama and Romneys Agendas

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Obama and Romney’s Agendas

The fact that good leadership is at the core of a country’s economic sustenance and growth cannot be disputed. This is defined by the ability to mobilize and use resources in a sustainable manner. Ultimately, effective exploration and use of the resources contributes significantly to improving the quality of life of the citizens. In their quest to attain American presidency, Obama and Romney have presented to the public their positions regarding various contentious issues. A critical analysis of these enables the public to make an informed decision regarding whom to vote for. Undoubtedly, the population chooses a candidate who is supportive of their best interests. Obama’s approach to critical issues pertaining to heath care, military spending and gun control laws indicates that he has the interest of Americans at heart.

One of the issues that have been emphasized on and which is critical to the wellbeing of the nation is healthcare. Generally, the entire public believes that a healthy nation is more productive and better positioned to address emergent challenges with ease. Previously, this sector has been compounded by a host of controversies. Therefore, positive reforms need to be implemented and enforced accordingly. In his previous leadership phase, Obama initiated significant reforms in the health care sector. Currently, a significant percentage of Americans enjoy affordable healthcare services that are offered in a timely manner (Jones 27). Basing on his agenda, he wishes to expand these reforms in a bid to safeguard the health of the American population. Fundamentally, health reform efforts offer the American population two options. These include government led health care that is characterized by higher taxes and insurance led healthcare that allows relative companies to run operations without rules (Jones 31).

Obama believes that the two extremes are wrong and compromise the ability of the population to enjoy health services. His Obama-bidden plan advocates for accessible and affordable healthcare for all facets of the population. Specifically, Cigna Health Insurance cites that it focuses on strengthening employer coverage, enhancing accountability of insurance companies and ensuring that patients are allowed to choose their doctors as well as the care they require without any form of interference from the government. The inherent independence addresses the complications that are related to bureaucracy. Most importantly, it contributes significantly to enhancing the quality of healthcare that is provided to the Americans.

According to Minute Help Guides, Obama appreciates the importance of patients in the healthcare system (29). In this regard, he strongly advocates for patient protections such as allowing coverage in instances of pre-existing conditions and preventing the insurers from cancelling policies whenever their patients fall sick. His plan also requires the patients to have health insurance or be compelled to pay fines. From this, it is certain that Obama holds the American health in high regard. He ensures that all stakeholders remain responsible and perform their roles and duties accordingly. The systemic nature of the healthcare system requires this form of corporation in order to attain desirable outcomes.

Another national issue that is equally contentious pertains to American engagement in war. Seemingly, Obama agrees that security should be on the forefront when addressing emergent issues. National security stabilizes the social and economic performance of America in different ways. Just like the public, Obama ascertains that America has spent a significant percentage of resources on ensuring global security. This is one of its major goals and objectives. Besides ending the Iraq war, Obama increased the presence of US troops in Afghanistan and drew a plan to have them out of the nation by 2014. Currently, he believes that there is need to ensure immense cuts in government spending on military activity. This he plans to attain by decreasing the size of Marine Corps and army. Notably, this is in line with the congressional republican agreement that seeks to reduce military spending in the next decade. Regarding his position on Iran, Obama suggests use of direct diplomacy to resolve the issue. His plan to tighten economic sanctions without entirely eliminating military activity in the region will address the issue accordingly.

As indicated earlier, global as well as national security is vitally important in enhancing sustainable economic and social growth. Essentially, it ensures that relative activities are run in an effective manner. Ultimately, it directly contributes to improved development. Previously, America has spent a significant percentage of its resources on global security and war. Currently, the state has stabilized and most Americans believe that the trend should be reversed. In particular, military spending should be minimized and surplus resources injected in other important sectors. This would ensure that other sectors also benefit and in the long run, the nation will enjoy holistic growth and development.

Relative to national security is the use of guns. This has also been accorded attention by both aspirants. Basically, Americans use guns for personal, neighborhood, as well as organizational security. In the recent past, there have been calls from various facets of the population to implements stricter gun laws. These in most instances have been raised after a rise in neighborhood insecurity. Both aspirants agree that there is no need of enforcing stricter gun laws.

As a president, Obama has previously signed laws that allow the citizens to carry concealed guns in Amtrak trains and national parks. Regardless of this, he supports a ban on assault type weapons and according to Minute help Guides, has advocated for stronger gun controls previously (31). Personal and neighborhood security is vitally important in enhancing peaceful co existence within a community. Established gun laws regulate the ownership and use of these weapons. Notably, their use contributes to national security by supporting the efforts of the laws enforcement agencies. Arguably, enforcing stricter gun control laws would not have a significant impact on the current neighborhood security status.

In sum, it is certain that Obama’s agenda with respect to healthcare, military spending and gun control laws is in line with the American interests. He believes that the American position in the global sphere should be safeguarded. He also emphasizes on the issue of sustainability and the need to secure the wellbeing of future generations too. Through his views, the public understands his plans regarding how he seeks to attain this desirable status. Obama’s perception of healthcare is supportive of continued reforms. He also advocates for the need to reduce military spending and direct surplus resources to other sectors of equal importance. At a time when global security is stable, this is the most viable option that would prevent wastage of national resources. Finally, he does not advocate for implementation of stricter gun laws. The preceding review provides useful insights in the capability of this candidate to address American concerns. Based on these, the public can be able to make an informed choice.

Works Cited

Cigna Health Insurance. 2012 candidate comparison: Comparing the presidential candidates on the issues. 2007-2012. Web. 5th November, 2012.

Jones, Ron Paul. Obama vs Romney. USA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. Print.

Minute Help Guides. Barrack Obama Vs Mitt Romney: A non partisan guide to each candidate. New York: Minute Help Press, 2012. Print.

NYSE and NASDAQ

NYSE and NASDAQ

NYSE and NASDAQ are the premium stock exchanges in the United States. They accounts for most of the trading relating to equities in North America and international market. The two exchange centers share the same platform as far as stock market is concerned with the main difference being in their mode of operation. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) uses designated specialists who handle stocks for the clients and provide assistance incase something goes wrong. National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) is quite different since it is totally automated. NASDAQ has built its image as an exchange that has successfully succeeded through use of technology. It is actually the second largest exchange center in the world, second to NYSE which has maintained human backstop (Oniak, Cohen & David, 2010).

NASDAQ and the NYSE operations are quite different because trade using different types of equity but they still have multiple similarities. The two organizations have established a well known trading sector not only in the United States but also in the global business. This is because they both offer high-end services to their clients. The two exchange centers share the same strength of having a well established exchange of equities between those buying and those selling stocks. Other major similarities between the two exchange centers, is that they are public trading organizations and also they are highly demanded in the stock exchange market. Even so, NYSE and NASDAQ have major differences especially in the principles relating to operations..

NASDAQ’s components are mainly technology, electronics and internet based organizations, and that explains why the exchange center is regarded as high technology market. NYSE on the other hand, components are older and established companies who operate in a vast industry. The systems on how each of these centers handle the exchange market is quite different. NYSE handles its operations on a physical trading manner, whereby representative of the companies meet and exchange on a typical market. While on the contrary, NASDAQ’s mode of operation is purely telecommunication network based. This means that physical trading is not done, rather, a direct contact system that uses the internet and advanced technology facilitates communication between the sellers and the buyers.

The cost required to invest in the two exchange centers is also different. Before investing in NASDAQ a yearly fee of $60,000 is required. NASDAQ also state the highest listing cost to be $150,000 while the NYSE states the highest listing cost to be $250,000 and an annual fee of $500,000(Floyd & Adam, 2010). This means that NASDAQ is less costly when dealing with frequent investments. The Volatility aspect of the two large exchange centers is also quite different. According to Madura (2011), volatility is the amount of returns that an investor should expect as returns after an investment. Volatility is highly dictated by the ups and downs of the security price. When the volatility is low then the returns are also low. NASDAQ stocks are regarded to have higher volatility to those of the NYSE. Other differences regarding NASDAQ and NYSE are on the strict rules of NYSE listing and the NYSE trades on a double auction market while the NASDAQ trades on an online market.

The Public company Accounting and Investor Protection Act of 2002 tend to monitor and the operations and accuracy of the two exchange centers NASDAQ and NYSE. The act assists in the management and certification on the accuracy of the financial information. It also assists in providing justice through acting as reference incases of fraudulent financial activity. With the help of external auditors the act assist maintains accuracy of corporate financial statements as well as providing additional oversight duty of boards of directors.

References

Floyd, N. & Adam, L (2010). Supreme Court Upholds Accounting Board. The New York Times.

Madura, J. (2011) International Financial Management: Cengage Learning

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Retrieved from ttps://nyse.nyx.com

National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) Retrieved from HYPERLINK “http://www.nasdaq.com/” http://www.nasdaq.com/

Oniak, P., Cohen, M. & David A. (2010). How Washington Abetted the Bank Job, New YorkTimes