Recent orders
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. Gross means the grand total quantity of the economic measure being described. The word domestic can be understood to refer to internal context of the economic aspect described. It also refers to area within the home boundaries
and the use implies that the national boundaries must not be exceeded in the economic description. Product is abbreviated in GDP to represent output or production (Frieden and Lake 2000
Concept of Religion
Student’s name
Professor
Course
Date
Concept of Religion
Western culture has its roots in the three religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. These religions have significantly influenced the lives of the population of the west throughout history. With Christianity as the first religion and upheld for so long, there came to be divisions and problems within the Christianity world. Around this time, Islam came about. Due to the difficulties associated with the monopoly power of Catholicism, Protestants also came about. It led to the satisfaction of individual needs and even to more confusion into the teachings of the protestant sects of Christianity and Islam. Judaism had always been in place from the oldest time, and it is the oldest religion since it can be referred to as the mother of the other two religions.
However, these religions conflict with each other on their teachings in most of the times, which can be said to be one reason why atheism is on the increase in the contemporary west. For example, Islam teaches that the act of Eve, whereby she ate the fruit from the serpent, was not the cause of human problems, but it was a sign of human weakness (Bodman, 10). On the other hand, Christianity states that eating the fruit by Eve was the source of human suffering and that it was a form of betrayal (Hillman, 189). These two contradicting views make us almost unable to understand what it means to be Christian and Muslim when these two religions have a common beginning and a lot of borrowing. Judaism states that Jesus was not the savior, similar to Islam belief while Christianity stresses that Jesus was the savior.
With the different stands, it becomes challenging to bring into peace the three religions even though there have been efforts to do so. However, since human beings are social and cannot exist outside social form, as Cushman (17) states, people tend to stay within the religions which appeal to them or those they found their parents practicing. Therefore this means religion is a unique part of the culture, and it is almost impossible to separate religion from humanity (Paden, 05). Thus, the ideals of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam continue to have a very significant influence over the social life of the western population even though from a keen analysis of the religions, a person may realize massive conflicts and contradictions.
Works Cited
Bodman, Whitney S. The poetics of Iblīs: narrative theology in the Qur’ān. Harvard Univ. Press for Harvard Theological Studies, Harvard Divinity School, 2011.
Cushman, Philip. Constructing the self, constructing America: A cultural history of psychotherapy. Addison-Wesley/Addison Wesley Longman, 1996.
Hillman, James. “Senex and puer.” Puer papers (1979): 3-53.
Paden, William E. Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of viewing religion. Beacon Press, 2003.
Data Projection And Ethics
Name
Data projection and ethics
Institution
Course
Date
Data Protection
Overview
Data protection requires that comprehensive solution be availed for the organization and individuals to collect and store information in real reliable systems. This requires safeguarding data through viable planning. This may require data reliable data back up and protection. These protections required for data are regulated by the data protection Act (1998). While these Acts seemed comprehensive at the time of legislation, they have come to show that there are a number of loop holes that can be exploited by various interest groups to achieve their ends (Strobl, Cave, &, Walley, 2000) .
Data protection Act
Data protection Act is based upon principles, these principles are broad, but cover the key areas that the data protection stipulates. Bellow is the list of principles:
Fair processing of personal data:
This Act requires that any personal data be processed in fair and lawful manners. However, it stipulates that unless the conditions in the second schedule are met, the personal data should not be processed. It also provides that the personal data should not be processed if the data are sensitive. This may mean practicing restraints when using or processing the personal data.
Law full purposes
The data protection Act also provides that the data shall only be obtained and used for legal purpose. The purpose for obtaining the data should also be specific. However, users of data shall be liable to legal redress incase the data are processed in incompatible manners with the purposes.
Adequate and relevant data
While data may be legal, they must also be adequate and relevant for the specific purpose for which they are obtained. Excessive data are illegal or a contravention to the Act.
Accurate and, up to date:
It is also requirement that the personal data be accurate to provide exceptionally meaningful information according to the subjects. Data is tremendously critical factors in the lives of man; therefore, inaccurate data may lead to disastrous decision and ends. The subject should also update data; any data in the database that is obsolete may not be desirable in the data base. The use of old data may be limited to the provision of evidence and not for decision humankind. Therefore, databases should be kept current (Akeroy, 1991) .Duration for protection:
The Act also requires that the personal data be kept for the appropriate duration of data. Any data that is processed and kept; longer that appropriate is deemed legal and, may not be advisable to be used for any purposes
Right of data subjects:
The rights of the data subjects are also stipulated in the Act. While this Act is quite wide in respect to the right of data subject, it is imperative to ensure that the right of the subjects is upheld at all times when processing and or using the personal data.
Appropriate technical and organizational measures:
Data is precious and valuable to both corporation and individuals. Any unauthorized and unlawful processing of personal information is legal. This also provides for the accidental loss of personal data, if used it might mean that the personal data used against the rights of the subjects shall as accidental loss, destruction and damage of personal data is a contravention of the personal data (Lee, 1993).
Transfer:
Personal data are not supposed to be transferred to foreign countries unless there are proper frameworks for ensuring that the level of protection of the personal data is adequate. The rights and freedoms of the data subjects must always be protected irrespective of the data territory
Ethics
Data protection is also regulated by ethical codes. The ethical codes are the moral philosophies that regulate the systematization, defense and protection of the rights of the data subjects and users. These ethical codes are intertwined with the data protection Act. Therefore, alignment with the data protection Act leads to alignment with the ethical codes of computing (Godejord, 2008).
Bibliography
Akeroyd, A. V. (1991) ‘Personal information and qualitative research data: Some practical and ethical problems arising from data protection legislation’, in N. G. Fielding and R. Lee (eds) Using Computers in Qualitative Research, London: Sage Publications Ltd, pp. 89-106.
Lee, R. M. (1993) Doing Research on Sensitive Topics, London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Strobl, J., Cave, E. and Walley, T. (2000) ‘Data protection legislation: interpretation and barriers to research’, British Medical Journal 321(7261): 890-892.
Per Arne Godejord, (2008).”Getting Involved: Perspectives on the Use of True Projects as Tools for Developing Ethical Thinking in Computer Science Students,” International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 4.2 22-34