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Canterbury Tales
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Canterbury Tales
Which member of the emerging middle class does Chaucer portray in the most favorable light? In what way does his description of this character differ from other members of this class or estate?
The member of the emerging middle class who is portrayed in the most favorable light is the Wife of Bath. She is seen as hardworking and skilled. She does not get her money from an inheritance or exploitation as the upper class and the clerical class do but from her cloth-making venture. The Wife of Bath is described as being experienced in the ways of love as she has been married five times. She is also seen as independent and brave as she travels alone. Compared to other pilgrims in the emerging middle class such as the Guildsmen and the Miller, the Wife of Bath is depicted to be more ambitious, good-natured, and honest. The Miller is, for instance, depicted as rude and dishonest. He cheats his suppliers and customers. The Guildsmen are seen to be unambitious and their success is seen to be controlled by their wives’ desire for social status rather than hard work or ambition.
Discuss Chaucer’s use of satire. In your response, cite specific text-based evidence. Your answer should be at least 250 words.
The Canterbury Tales text is a satire because it criticizes and ridicules the main social classes in the Medieval Times. The main social classes in Chaucer’s time were the Clergy, the nobility, and the peasantry. However, by the time Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales, there was increased social mobility and people could work hard and belong to the middle class. The Monk, Friar, Pardoner, and the Summoner represent the first estate (the clergy). The latter two, rather than serve the Church, are seen to be opportunistic. Chaucer’s description of the Pardoner in the general prologue, “This pardon-seller’s hair was yellow as wax, / And sleekly hanging, like a hank of flax. / In meager clusters hung what hair he had; /Over his shoulders, a few strands were spread, / But they lay thin, in rat’s tails, one by one. / As for a hood, for comfort he wore none. (Chaucer 39). The Pardoner is involved in selling forged pardons and his opportunistic nature is compared to that of a rat. The Summoner’s description in the general prologue, “Whose face was fire-red, like the cherubim; All covered with carbuncles; his eyes narrow (Chaucer 37).” The Summoner has boils and blisters on his face. His vulgar appearance reflects his poor morals. He takes bribes, is a drunk, and is ignorant but tries to sound intelligent by frequently speaking in Latin. Despite being in the first estate, the Summoner and the Pardoner are presented as a low-class character. The Plowman is an idealized character of the working class. Chaucer depicts the Plowman’s industrious and pious nature by referring to him as a “good and true laborer.” The Plowman, who is also the Parson’s brother, threshes, carries dung, digs, and makes ditches to assist a poor neighbor. He also serves God genuinely by promptly paying his tithes to the Church. He truly follows Christ’s commandments of loving thy Lord and thy neighbor.
Work Cited
Chaucer, Geoffrey. “The Canterbury Tales.” The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Volume 1. Eighth Edition. New York: Norton, 2006. Print.
Monsoon Wedding, by Nair, 2001
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Monsoon Wedding, by Nair, 2001
Personal Perception of the Movie
I liked the movie because it first strikes the viewer as a very fast comedy. The easiness by which music was being efficiently woven into the narration and the deft manner in which Nair manages to make her way between the story lines evokes emotion that glues one to the screen (Barnwouw 46).The Importance and Dynamics of Punjabi Families
The importance and dynamics of Punjabi families is illustrated in the how Monsoon wedding converts Vijay Raaz, an actor with a remarkable body and face, to P.K.Dube. He is later transformed in the course of the film from a spidery joker, subject to hysterics of loneliness. He gets used to anxiety fits and unquenchable demands for money that transforms him into a sympathetic character. Viewers pity him but in the end, he is admired for his willpower to make use of his ingenious talents to win Alice. He generates a fancy world of hearts for her and steps in it as her suitor holding a massive heart shaped garland of marigolds (Nair 23).
The Monsoon Wedding in effect builds a framework of illusions and dreams in its episodes. The illusions are diaphanous, porous, and colorful like the saris that women enthusiastically maul over in a fashion shop during the selection of Aditi’s trousseau. The message conveyed from Monsoon Wedding on the importance and dynamics of Punjabi families is interesting to the casts. That things can shift in and out of the confusion apparent in the night world where obstacles are real but a route can be found around the mirrors (Bennet 57).Comparison of the Punjabi Families to the American Families
The entire Monsoon wedding film shatters most western mistaken beliefs about life in India, rather than face stark images of disease and poverty. Nair depicts a contemporary India where snobbery and social life climbing are predominant. The love life of the young protagonists in the film shows that India’s youth have undergone a revolution in as far as their love lives are concerned so that it is comparable to what goes on in the USA (Desai 35).
The love triangles that persist in the USA are also typified in the movie. The screenplay by Sabrina reinforces the negotiations between the groom and the potential bride. She was a woman on a bounce back having ended her love affair with her boss and now getting involved with a handsome young man all the way from Houston Texas. The Indian characters also speak a mixture of Hindu and English in their sentences unlike the American ones who speak fluent English (Nair 30).Other Themes and Their Interpretation
Apart from the wedding theme, Nair presents several important moments in the film. For example, the theme of mirrors and confusion which replicates the improbability felt by everyone in this rapidly dynamic world where it is increasingly becoming difficult to sort out the contemporary identities and the stark realities on the international front. This is practical because it is difficult to decide on the right path and choose the right face to flaunt in each circumstance. Just like Lalit Verma who hires a team to fix her daughter’s wedding constantly worries how she will pay them, Dubey struggles up a social ladder that has lots of tradeoffs and pains. Although he starts making it, he still leads a lonely life in his mother’s tiny house. However, he eventually marries Alice and they are permeated in the circle of Verma’s extended family (Barnwouw 50).Scenes Significant in developing Characters’ Relationships
The romance between Hemant and Aditi offers some moments of truth, particularly when they remind each other of their pasts. However, an actual heart rending moment that touches me most is when P.K.Dube falls to his knees facing a heart that is formed from marigolds in a desperate adoration gesture before Alice (Bennet 60).
Vikram and V.J. Dubey who also doubles up as the coordinator of the wedding make use of the cell phones to deceive not only their wives but also their employer and mother. As the police close in on the tryst that Vikram has with Aditi, he tells his wife that he is in the studio. Consequently, Aditi gets her revenge on Vikram’s duplicity by driving his SUV away in a bid to ensures that he is stranded in the rain as the officers ridicule him. This is about the theme of deceptive appearances that the film director uses to indulge the viewers (Desai 65).The General Theme of the Movie
The general theme of the movie is that of deceptive appearances. This theme reaches its climax in the scene where men working on the wedding pavilion decide to peep at the family maid through the window Alice (Tilotama Shone) as she fits herself the bride’s wedding jewelry, converting herself into a beautiful princess. They erroneously accuse her of stealing; however, Dubey, who has fallen in love with her acknowledges that she is only making a fuss of her right to dream (Nair 55).
Works Cited
Barnwouw, Erik. Documentary: a history of the non – fiction film. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2010): 45-56. Print.
Bennet, David . Multicultural States: Rethinking Difference and Identity. New York: Routledge. (2009):56-67. Print.
Desai, Jigna . Beyond Bollywood: the Cultural Politics of South Asian Diasporic Film. New York: Routledge. (2007): 34-67.Print.
Nair, Mira. Create the world you know. Cinema militants Lecture, the Netherlands film festival. (2012): 23-56.Print.
MODULE 6 ASSIGNMENT
MODULE 6 ASSIGNMENT
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MODULE 6 ASSIGNMENT
Why the Relationship Between Public Health and Private Health Medicine Has been Contentious
The relationship between public health and private health medicine has been sometimes contentious for a number of reasons. Firstly, historical boundaries, which involve division of labor, have led to the relationship between public health and private health medicines being sometimes contentious. Public health medicine focuses on treatment of diseases and provision of care. Contrary, public health focuses on health promotion and disease prevention (Sultz & Young, 2017). However, this does not mean that private health medical professionals do not employ strategies for prevention of diseases. Although they focus on disease treatment and care, they always consider the application of disease prevention strategies a fundamental part of their work. For instance, sometimes doctors may assist their patients to quit smoking in order to prevent lung cancer. Contention arises when public health and private health medicine consider their roles mutually exclusive. This results in goal conflict, as each entity strives to achieve its goals.
Secondly, the difference in who public health and private health medicines focus on sometimes makes their relationship contentious. Usually, public health addresses health issues from the perspective of the population, while private health medicine addresses health issues from an individual’s perspective. Public health providers diagnose a community health problem using disease surveillance systems and scientific research, while private health care medical providers diagnose an individual’s health problems by listening to patients as they describe their symptoms and through performing relevant medical tests. Due to the differing viewpoints, both public health and private health medicines have often expressed powerful oppositions; thus, making their relationship sometimes contentious.
The perceptions public health professionals and private health medicine have about each also result in their relationship is sometimes contentious. The public health professional has characterized private health medicine as a field dominated by self-interest where the professionals seek to gain more money. On the other hand, private health medicine professionals view private health as a politically corrupt field (Sultz & Young, 2017).
Furthermore, public health professionals argue that the quality of care should not depend on the financial resources of the patient. Instead, they believe that a patient should receive the best possible treatment despite their financial status. Contrary, private health medicine professionals believe that the quality of medical services depends on the patient’s financial resources. These different perspectives are what make their relationship sometimes contentious.
How to Deal with the Problem of Medical Errors
The first step in dealing with medical errors is identifying these errors, which can be facilitated by reporting them as they occur. However, reporting of medical errors is faced with various barriers, which result in many medical errors going unreported (Aljabari & Kadhim, 2021). To deal with the issue of medical errors, the government needs to take the necessary actions to keep track of the status of this high-risk situation as it does with other epidemics instead of continuing to trust the health care providers to deal directly with the issue. This is because, more often, medical errors are committed repeatedly by the same medical staff, but health care providers, patients, and their families are hindered from reporting these issues by several barriers, with the most common barrier being the fear of consequences. Thus, the barriers hindering reporting of these medical errors can only be solved by the government creating a platform where the errors can be safely reported and forwarded to the relevant authority.
For instance, Aljabari and Kadhim (2021) reveal that health care providers fail to report medical errors perpetuated by another health care provider due to fear of criticism by colleagues. Research reveals that some health care providers fail to report medical errors as they occur because they are afraid that they will be discriminated against by their colleagues if they report such issues (Afaya et al., 2021). Another barrier to reporting medical errors relates to the systems used for medical error reporting. There is a challenge of lack of reporting systems and lack of anonymity of the systems being used for reporting medical errors. Some of the systems used for reporting medical errors require the person reporting the error to fill in their names and other identifying details, which creates fear among health care providers; thus forcing them not to report medical errors (Soydemir et al., 2017). Research reveals that more medical errors would be reported if the reporters felt protected (Soydemir et al., 2017). Therefore, when the government takes the responsibility of monitoring the status of this high-risk situation and finding safer ways of reporting medical errors, such as creating a platform where the errors can be anonymously reported and forwarded to the relevant authorities, this will help minimize the fears of reporting medical errors and encourage health care providers, patients, and their families to report medical errors as they occur. Consequently, this will ensure that the responsible persons are held accountable for their mistakes, thus preventing similar mistakes from being repeated. Also, the federal government can easily identify the non-compliant facilities and the necessary actions taken to reduce medical errors. For these reasons, the federal government needs to take the necessary actions to keep track the status of the high-risk situation of increased medical errors.
Why Addressing Only One of the Trio of Rising Costs, Lack of Universal Access or Variable Quality of Health Care Worsens the other Two
The major issues in the US healthcare system include increased healthcare costs, variable quality of healthcare, and a lack of universal access to health care (Sultz & Young, 2017). Although the US government has gone ahead to address these issues, its efforts are yet to bear fruits. In fact, efforts to address one of these issues worsen the remaining two. For instance, legislative attempts to create universal access to health care have worsened the quality and the cost of health care. Universal access to healthcare implies that healthcare services should be availed to all people, notwithstanding their capability to pay for them. One of the legislative attempts to create universal healthcare is the provision of affordable healthcare in the form of Medicaid. However, this has been associated with increased cost, which in turn have adversely affected the quality of care. Zieff et al. (2020) reveal that universal healthcare is associated with high costs. Being a capitalist nation, it is believed that everyone in the US is capable of paying for any service. Therefore, the efforts to offer universal healthcare in the US have resulted in medical debts within the health care institutions. The increased medical debts have led to the reduced ability of health care institutions to purchase drugs and medical equipment. Consequently, this has affected the quality of care rendered as the hospitals cannot render some services. Also, legislative effort to offer universal healthcare has meant that the majority of low-income earners will free-ride, and individuals who can afford to pay for the health care services are forced to pay more. Furthermore, in an attempt to provide universal health, the government is forced to augment the cost of health care services in order to raise more health care funds. Also, the legislative attempt to improve the quality of care requires use of high quality medical equipment, which results to increased costs. Due to the increased costs, the government is forced to provide health care to a lesser number of people thus adversely affecting the provision of universal healthcare. Thus, the legislative attempt to address any of the three issues worsens the other two.
References
Afaya, A., Konlan, K. D., & Kim Do, H. (2021). Improving patient safety through identifying barriers to reporting medication administration errors among nurses: an integrative review. BMC health services research, 21(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07187-5Aljabari, S., & Kadhim, Z. (2021). Common Barriers to Reporting Medical Errors. The Scientific World Journal, 2021. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2021%2F6494889Prybil, L., P. Jarris, and J. Montero. 2015. A Perspective on Public-Private Collaboration in the Health Sector. NAM Perspectives. Discussion Paper, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.31478/201511aSoydemir, D., Seren Intepeler, S., & Mert, H. (2017). Barriers to medical error reporting for physicians and nurses. Western journal of nursing research, 39(10), 1348-1363. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0193945916671934Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. M. (2017). Health care, USA: understanding its organization and delivery. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Zieff, G., Kerr, Z. Y., Moore, J. B., & Stoner, L. (2020). Universal healthcare in the United States of America: a healthy debate. Medicina, 56(11), 580. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicina56110580