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Competency 3 – Applies critical thinking skills and demonstrates proficiency in analysis of business issues.
Competency 3 – Applies critical thinking skills and demonstrates proficiency in analysis of business issues.
Tesla Case Study
After reviewing the essential concepts, readings, and cases for 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 complete the following steps:
Read the Tesla Case Study & watch the video at the end of these instructions.
Clearly define the scenario.
Write a summary of the case and state the key issues involved.
What are Tesla’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats?
What questions must Tesla answer prior to implementing their marketing plan?
Select the criteria.
What factors must be considered while analyzing the business problem?
What tangible evidence can be used to analyze the scenario? What quantitative metrics can be used?
What specific criteria should be used to evaluate the scenario? Provide rationale for your assumptions?
Prioritize the criteria based on their relative importance to this specific case. Provide the rationale for your assumptions.
Evaluate the case.
Look at the case evidence as it relates to each criterion and describe three marketing strategies that could be used in China.
Using a table, illustrate how each strategy ranks using the criteria that was established in step 3.
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy.
Analyze how the Electric Vehicle market in China reflects the elements of Porter’s 5 Field Analysis.
Rank each strategy based on your findings and analysis.
Make a recommendation.
Provide a recommendation for Tesla on how it can become a major player in the Chinese EV market. The recommendation should include:
SMART goals,
A description of the critical success factors, and
A brief implementation sequence.
Requirements:
APA format, including in-text citations, cover page, and reference page
12 point font, double spaced
Five to seven pages, including cover page
SLQ 1213 CRIME AND DEVIANCE
CRIME AND DEVIANCE
NAME
INSTITUTION
COURSE
DATE
Sociologists define deviance to refer to the destruction of rules and norms. In relation to the sociological perspective, deviance is relative. Therefore, definitions of what accounts to be deviant fluctuate between societies and groups in the society. This begs the question, what is deviance or deviant behavior? According to the society, deviance can be equated to cheating, dishonesty, corruption, unfairness, immorality among other bad behaviors. It is worth noting that sociologists have instituted a field of study that enables them capture a common meaning.
Howard Becker interprets deviance as not an act, but how people react to the act that labels it as deviant. In most cases, individuals need not do a certain thing for them to be tagged as deviant. They might be falsely accused or discredited as a result of birth defects, diseases, or race. Therefore, crime ought to be relative in instances where interpretation of the deviant character is necessitated (PEARCE 1976). Because deviance is grounded on the violation and adherence of norms, norms ought to exist within human groups. As a result, this makes social life possible through predicting behavior. This translates to the development of means that aid in the control of social norms. The violators of these norms are then labeled as being deviant.
When norm violation is studied, it is usually divided into individual norm violations and norm-violation rates. The latter defines norm violations highlighted for social-political units such as countries and cities or states. It is usually quantified as a numerical value of violations per one thousand in any given population. This translates to the following questions; what highlights the rate? Are there any consequences attached to low or high norm-violation rates in any given community? Why do rates differ between countries, states or cities? Under individual norm violations, questions regarding the norm violators, characteristics of the violators, degree of violation and whether some people are repeat violators and others just one time violators are usually asked (LISKA, MESSNER & LISKA 1999). This forces students to differentiate between deviance, criminology, social problems and mental illness. Crime is a behavior that violates a specific law of a given state or country, social problems are conditions experienced by the public under which the government or private agencies evaluate as a negative force hence wish to change, and mental illness is defined by psychoanalysts as abnormalities of emotions that result into irrational decision making. It is important to state that norm violations are law violations as a result of psychological abnormality or social problems.
Sociologists have invested their time into the study of deviance in relation to the society since 1960s. According to Becker, a deviant person is a person whom the label has effectively been applied on. Furthermore, he states that a deviant behavior is one that is labeled by people as deviant (1963). The sociological definition of deviance revolves around two questions, what is labeled as deviant? And who is labeled as deviant? The former question is interpreted through the study of emerging and developing social norms that are useful in describing norm violators and violation. The latter question, on the other hand, studies how the specific labels are utilized in cases and situations. A close relationship is said to exist between deviance and ethics. The sociology of deviance and ethics can be equated to the relationship that exists between sociology and philosophy. This aids in the study where social norms are noted to emerge.
Different theories exist to explain the levels of deviance. These are grouped into biological theories, psychological theories and social theories. Biological theories are noted to ignore the study of deviance in relation to the society. As a result, it focuses on norm violations, assuming that norm violations are caused by biological structures and processes. Biological theories of deviance, such as psychopharmacology theory, genetics theory and autonomic theory highlight the latest developments of biological explanations to deviance (Lawson & Heaton 1999). Consequentially, the specific biological condition causes specific physical conditions or that result into unwilling norm violations. Like biological theories, psychological theories are also noted to give a cold shoulder to sociological definition of deviance. This theory, the psychological theory, relies on individual psych processes and characters to explain norm violations. As a result, it relies on past experiences to explain deviance.
It is worth highlighting that personality theories (subtypes of psychological theories) place great emphasis on general psychic characteristics, with assumptions that behavior is affected as a result of different social situations. Personality theories are in two distinct types. The first aims to explain norm violation as a result of characteristics that are termed to be normal but also cause conventional behavior. For instance, the manifestation of aggressive behavior is usually tagged with homicide. Additionally, a dependency personally is usually tagged with alcoholism (Flowers 2003). Low developments in linking of deviance to crime have been developed since the beginning of the 20th century by researchers. It is worth noting that personality theories are criticized for placing emphasis on rare and abnormal personalities so as to explain norm violations.
Social theories place emphasis on social processes and structures with the aim of explaining deviance as a form of norm violation. The theories that focus solely on the violation of norms are divided into those that place emphasis on structure and those that place emphasis on process. An example of a structural theory is Merton’s theory of anomie and Durkheim’s theory of suicide. Processual theories, like Becker’s theory of habitual marijuana use, utilize stage sequences to explain how the violation develops (1963). This is because Becker’s theory examines the specific stages and consequences that follow a person until they become habitual users of marijuana.
Contrasting psychological and biological theories, social theories are noted to examine deviance in terms of norm violation coupled with its social definition at both the micro and macro levels. The structural perspective assumes that elevated levels of social consensus exist. Moreover, integration on value and goals is seen with social structure functions that aid in the implementation of society’s values and goals. This function as a support ground for Merton, Durkheim and Eriksson to base their ideas coupled with theories about deviance. Conferring Durkheim, urbanization causes the society to develop a weak collective conscience that results into a weaken control over the society. This translates into higher levels of deregulation hence suicide rates sky-rocket. Under Merton, discrepancy causes stress to individuals who react to the stress by causing deviance. Merton adapts several resolutions as a result of the deviance. These are ritualism, rebellion, conformity, innovation, and retreatism. It is worth stating that each of the resolutions is an adaptation to a high ends-means to discrepancy (Holdaway 1998).
Symbolic interactionists interpretation of deviance utilizes three theories, the control theory, the differential association theory and the labeling theory. It is noted that functionalists believe that for a society to function effectively, deviance ought to exist. This is because it will contribute to social order through the clarification of moral boundaries, through the initiation of social change and through the promotion of social unity (Newbold 1992). Conferring strain theory, it is correct to state that people who fail to achieve aimed social status and goals through legal means end up experiencing differing forms of strain. This can direct to the advancement of dangerous criminal behavior with the aim of fulfilling the social goals and status.
Power is noted to play a vital role in the definition and punishment of deviance according to conflict theorists. The government that is in power clearly states definitions of deviance on its subjects and uses specific laws and laid down criminal justice systems to maintain privilege over groups that cause deviance. In the United States, reactions to deviance range from soft sanctions to capital punishments. The United States adopted a ‘get tough’ policy since the 1980s that has helped in the government to imprison millions of people because of the crimes they committed. Given that crime statistics exist produced in a specified political and social context, caution ought to be taken when interpreting them. Power stands as the backbone through which behaviors can be defined as crime (Akers 1998). Moreover, it clearly lays down the procedure through which criminal behaviors ought to be prosecuted. For instance, the media gives unlimited attention to street crime in the United States through white collar crimes dig deep into American taxpayers.
Goffman notes that growing tendency follows medicalization of deviance since the beginning of the twentieth century. This causes the society to view deviance as cases of mental illnesses (including crime). A perspective offered by Thomas Szasz claims that mental illness is neither an illness nor mental. Rather, they are consequences of people’s specific experiences in life hence cause such behaviors. It is key to state that deviance is inevitable, therefore, people ought to develop ways that can protect themselves from these forms of deviance. As a result, this will reduce cases of deviance that result into individual harm or to others, tolerating un-harmful deviant behaviors, and the development of systems that could offer fair treatment for deviants. This can be controlled through the deterrence theory (Newman 1980).
As a tool for social control, the deterrence theory puts into assumption that people are often motivated to go against social norms. However, special laid social controls usually constrain such persons from violating the norms. This theory puts special emphasis on punishment to be a means that can result into social control, hence ignoring inner control. Consequentially, it places unlimited focus on law violation other than norm violation as a whole. This theory, according to Becker, assumes that the society is rational hence result into the occurrence of law violations. Therefore, it assumes that when the cost of crime is high, levels of crime will reduce significantly. In addition, because punishment is a consequence of crime, the higher the level one is punished, the lower the levels of crime will be. General and specific deterrence processes exist. General is a process under which the punishment of the law violators aids in highlighting the cost of crime to the unpunished. This translates the level and number of law violators. Specific, on the other hand, is a process by which punishment causes a decline in the number of law violators (Gregoriou 1978).
Different states have different descriptions of punishments. The general and most described are in terms of celerity, severity, and certainty. Celerity refers to how swiftly a punishment is awarded, the interval of time that is pegged between committing a law violation and experiencing the punishment (RANKIN & WELLS 2011). Severity translates to the degree or harshness that is pegged to a punishment. For instance the amount of fine that one has to pay as a result of committing crime or the time that is attached to a sentence once the law violator is charged as guilty. Certainty of punishment refers to how certain that the pegged punishment is going to be awarded to the law violator. The labeling theory exists as the traditional non-norm approach that is tagged onto deviance. It assumes that consensus and normative stability amount to a reference point onto which one can judge whether a behavior is deviant or non-deviant. In the 1960s, Goffman raised questions in regards to the assumptions of normative consensus pegged with its stability. This resulted into increased doubts in regards to the feasibility of theoretical perspectives built onto such assumptions.
As an alternative, they put special emphasis on the budding, conflicting and varying character pegged onto social norms resulting into a reconceptualization of the main matter in relation to deviance. Becker, on the other hand, emphasizes when a person is labeled as deviant, the definition operates like a social status. In addition, the process by which labeling is noted to produce systematic deviance is analogous to that which underlines a conservative career.
References
Akers, L. R., 1998. Social learning and social structure: a general theory of crime and deviance. Boston : Northeastern University Press.
Flowers, R. B., 2003. Male crime and deviance: Exploring its causes, dynamics, and nature. Springfield:
Charles Thomas Publisher LTD.
Gregoriou, C., 1978. Constructing crime: discourse and cultural representations of crime and deviance. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan Publishers.
Holdaway, S., 1998. Crime and deviance. Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers.
Lawson, T. & Heaton, T., 1999. Crime and deviance. Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers.
LISKA, A. E., MESSNER, S. F., & LISKA, A. E., 1999. Perspectives on crime and deviance. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice Hall.
Newbold, G, 1992. Crime and deviance. Auckland; New York: Oxford Univ. Press
Newman, R. G., 1980. Crime and deviance: a comparative perspective. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
PEARCE, F., 1976. Crimes of the powerful: Marxism, crime, and deviance. London, Pluto Press.
RANKIN, J. H., & WELLS, L. E., 2011. Social control and self-control theories of crime and deviance. Surrey, UK, Ashgate Pub
Daniel Webster was a nationalist who dedicated his life in defending the laws that met their application to all states made b
History
Students Name
Institution of Affiliation
Course Title
Date
HIST 1301
Question 1
Daniel Webster was a nationalist who dedicated his life in defending the laws that met their application to all states made by the federal government. Robert Hayne supported states’ rights at the nullification or Webster was a supporter of the federal government powers are the earth’s right to create laws that protected that union and was opposed to the nullification. Webster declared that freedom and the union went together (Webster, 1902). Daniel Webster says that all the origin of the government and of the foundation on which it starts is erected by the people and those who minister it, are responsible to the people and can only modify the constitution just as the people make sure it to be.
The Southerners thought that the reduced rate of tariffs was still too high. South Carolina threatened that the tariffs of 1828 and 1830 were not abolished they would withdraw from the union if the federal government tried to correct the tariffs (Freehling, 1992). According to the southerners, the two acts enacted were an authorized by the United States’ constitution. They violated the true definition of democracy, and they were therefore null and void at the new law. Abiding upon the state, citizens, and all assurances, contracts, as well as the applications made into with the aim of securing the duties introduced by the act, and all judicial proceedings facilitated in the name of the act shall be deemed to be null and void.
In my view, the most effective primary document is that of the South Carolina. It defends the people and is against the rise of the tariffs on raw materials as well as the manufactured goods and this affects the production and the income of the producers and manufacturers of the United States. According to the southerners, the old tariffs had to be abolished to give room for new tariffs to be enacted through new legislation.
Question 2
In the 1851 political cartoon, they southerners are protesting against the north of the 1850 fugitive slave act to where the national government made laws that considered the slaves or the people of the African origin as fugitives (Clay, 2014). In the cartoon, the national government to whom enacted the slave act takes away the slave as they are named fugitive, but the states have its own rules that prohibit and oppose the national law. The states claim that they have a higher law and that they don’t recognize any law from the national government of the United States. The political cartoon also applies to the document one and two as it argues that both the national government and that of the state are different and that the national government law does not with any effect affect the state law.
The 1856 political cartoon document 4, relates to the Kansas-Nebraska act which enacted by the US Congress on May 30, 1854 allowing the people of Kansas and Nebraska to make their decisions against the issues of slavery in their individual states (Magee, 2014). According to the cartoon, the national government allowed the individual states to make their own decisions on onto whether they could retain slavery or abolish it. The black men were considered to be slaves, and the act of leaving the decision to the individual states would only encourage the white to continue oppressing the blacks. In the picture senator, Stephen Douglas, President Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan and Levies Cars who all are running to be the Democratic Party nominees for president in the 1856 elections are seen forcing a black man against his will an intimidating action, indicating how the whites are racist.
From the picture, the background of making the decisions on whether the states will vote against slavery is made to be seen as democratic, but in the other side, the grounds to which democracy is to be practiced is limited as the black people have no room to express themselves.
Question 3
Dred Scott, a slave who demanded to seek his freedom via judicial system of the United States, to which emanated with the worst ruling ever. In the year 1857 decision by the Supreme Court of the US in the case against Dred Scott, implies that no Negro would never become an American citizen regardless of the provision by the constitution of citizenship by birth (Fehrenbacher, 2001). The term Negro was used to refer to the people of the African origin. The decision by the Supreme Court did not only deny Scott justice but also contributed to the invalidation of the Missouri compromise enacted in 1820 which are the anti-slavery in certain US territories.
Frederick Douglas in document 6 asked whether the significant principles of natural justice as well as political freedom that are bestowed in the declaration of independence are similarly represented to the people of black origin as well. The speech on 4th of July was directed to the American slavery where Douglas condemns the Americans for not being true to their founding principles, in both present and in the past (Douglass, 1852). The audience to his speech must therefore fulfill the quest of the founding fathers in natural justice, Douglas tells the audience that the 4th of July was a sham, as the slave tends to boast of liberty, and as shouts of liberty and equality are a just hollow mockery.
Dred Scott decision during the case of nullification of the Missouri act, confirms Frederick Douglass arguments that the Africans were just considered useless, worthless and treated as slaves and the call for equality was just an active form of mockery to the African population. According to the decision by Dred Scott, any person of African origin could never be an American citizen by birth or immigration, and that’s the call for the natural justice that is embedded in the declaration of independence does not apply to the Negros.
Question 4
According to William H. Seward, irresponsible conflict refers to the collision of the socio-economic institutions of the north or South America (Seward & O’Conor, 1860). According to William, in states to which the slave system existed, prevents the slave masters from directly or indirectly securing all the political power and therefore constitute a loading aristocracy while in countries where there existed the free labor system, it prevented the universal suffrage, necessarily obtained adverse state that inevitably becomes a democracy later.
The definition of the Confederacy by Alexander Stephens is based on the idea that; the newly formed government was formed on the opposite ideas to which its foundations are build (Stephens, 1861). The cornerstone of the foundation rest upon the significant truth and that the Negros are not equal to the white men and that subordination of the slaves to the whites as a higher race is the slaves natural as well as normal conditions. According to Alexander Stephens, the Confederate states were founded with the main aim of preserving and expansion of slavery institution.
President Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg 1863 claims that the forefathers brought for the continent of America, a nation was born in liberty and dedication to the proposition which called for equality of all men as they were created equal (Lincoln, 1992). And that now that they were engaged in a great civil war, they were being tested as to whether the nation born and dedicated to equality, could long maintain the equality prospects. It is through this equality that erupted the full scale of civil war due to the peculiar institution regarded as slavery that was present at the creation of the republic.
Question 5
In thinking about the primary documents, the states have the power to nullify federal laws if they disagree with them. The reason behind is because the state government originate from the individual countries and form the national government and the will of the people lies in the states. Also, each of the states has a representative to whom addresses the problems of its people. Just like the case of southern Carolina, the tariffs had been raised to a higher cost making their manufacturers pay more, thus reducing the productivity.
It would have resorted to financial losses contributing to the economic fall to the country, and it is to this situation that the state’s government came to the rescue nullifying the act that was formed by the government. They further warned that any act of the judiciary to rule over cases regarding the act would not be respected and would be treated as null and void. In the event where the nullification would not be successful, then the government would take that opportunity to exploit the manufacturers as well as producers of all products.
And this would lead to the collapse of their businesses as well as the gross domestic product of the country which has an overall effect on low income as well as a low standard of living. On the other side the nullification of the Missouri act in Dred’s case showed the American viewed the people of African origin and how they saw them as subjects doomed to slavery and can never attain the American citizenship nor freedom despite the call for equality.
References
Clay, E. W. (2014). What’s sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
Douglass, F. (1852). The Meaning of the Fourth of July for the Negro. Frederick Douglass: Selected Speeches and Writings, 195, 196.
Fehrenbacher, D. E. (2001). The Dred Scott case: Its significance in American law and politics. Oxford University Press, USA.
Freehling, W. W. (1992). Prelude to Civil War: the nullification controversy in South Carolina, 1816-1836. Oxford University Press, USA.
Lincoln, Abraham. “Gettysburg Address (Nov. 19, 1863).” Garry Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America 263 (1992).
Magee, J. L. (2014). Forcing slavery down the throat of a freesoiler.
Seward, W. H., & O’Conor, C. (1860). The irrepressible conflict. For sale at the Office of the New York tribune.
Stephens, A. H. The Cornerstone Speech, March 21, 1861. TeachingA-mericanHistory. org, 14-15.
Stephens, A. H. The Cornerstone Speech, March 21, 1861. TeachingA-mericanHistory. org, 14-15.
Webster, D. (1902). Liberty and Union. Literature for Fifth-reader Grades…, 363.