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According to the creed
Utilitarianism Summary
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According to the creed of moral foundations and utility, right actions tend to promote happiness while wrong ones produce a reverse effect. Happiness promotes the absence of pain while wrong actions have a reverse effect. The theory is based on the notion that morality is based on desirable things as ends and those desirable things are so as a result of pleasure inherent in themselves or as a means to promote pleasure and prevent pain. To suppose that life does not have higher ends except pleasure designates it as groveling and utterly mean. In essence, the accusation paints human nature in a degrading light by supposing that they were incapable of other pleasures except those capable by swines. Comparing the Epicurean life to that of beats is degrading precisely primarily because beasts do not satisfy the concept of human beings of happiness (Piacquadio, 2017). The faculties of human beings are more elevated than animal appetites and when made conscious about them, they do not associate happiness with anything that does not entail their gratification and fulfillment. Instead of placing superiority in the intrinsic nature, utilitarian writers emphasized mental rather than bodily pleasures. This is consistent with the fact that some pleasures are more valuable and desirable than others.
To the question of human creatures agreeing to switch places with lower animals to encounter full allowance of beast pleasures, human beings would never consent to that. Human beings have higher faculty and hence require more to make them happy. They are capable of encountering more acute suffering and are more likely to access it compared to beings of an inferior type. The ideology is that despite the liabilities encountered, humans can never really agree to sink into what makes them feel that their existence of lower grade. This unwillingness is associated with pride, a name used to describe some of the least estimable feelings that humankind display. It can also be attributed to personal independence and liberty. Notably, love of excitement and power has a way of contributing to pride. Moreover, human beings possess dignity in one way or another and proportion to higher faculties is essential for the happiness of human beings. It cannot be disputed that human beings that have low capacities of enjoyment have greater chances of being fulfilled and satisfied while human beings that are highly endowed are of the opinion that any kind of happiness they seek in this world is imperfect. Additionally, if the imperfections are bearable, human beings can always learn how to cope with them not because the imperfections are good but because they qualify.
References
Piacquadio, P. G. (2017). A fairness justification of utilitarianism. Econometrica, 85(4), 1261-1276.
Can We Make Peace with Drugs
Sociology
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Can We Make Peace with Drugs
Sociology refers to the scientific study of the society that includes the social patterns, social relationships as well as the culture of the people. Therefore the topic on can we make peace with drugs can be termed as being sociological in the fact that drugs are incorporated into the society affecting the social patterns and interactions and as well affect the culture. The structural-functionalist theory can be used regarding the topic on the podcast as it refers to the perception of society as a complex system whose parts get to work together to promote solidarity as well as stability. From the topic, we see a country Netherland that has been in the quest for uniting its citizens and as well as promote stability in their country. The use of drugs such as heroine makes the structure of the government and the society, in general, to be more complicated, and therefore the government institutes measures that will not keep everyone happy or unhappy but eventually everybody gets satisfied. For example, during the issue on mushroom intoxication, the healthcare sector made an alternative measure by changing the product’s name making sure that the product by the name mushroom does not exist in the market but is available in a different form and therefore everyone gets satisfied. If I were to study the topic, I would first formalize on the region to which I want to do the research and obtain facts about the consumption, effects as well as the intervention measures set aside to minimize usage of drugs.
According to the catechism of the catholic church, the most valued sacrament among the seven sacraments of the eucharist is t
According to the catechism of the catholic church, the most valued sacrament among the seven sacraments of the eucharist is the body and blood shared by its adherents. It is a symbol of the presence of Christ through His soul and divinity. However, 28% of Catholics who believe that the wine and bread used in church as sacraments symbolize the blood and body of Christ are not fully aware that the church holds the occurrences of transubstantiations (Smith, 2019). The position of the catholic church is defined by the 43% of Catholics who believe that the bread and wine are a true representation of Jesus Christs’ body and blood. It means that they acknowledge the faith of the church that Christ died on the cross for their sins and the Eucharist shared during mass a symbol of His love. Despite the value attached to transubstantiation, many Catholics don’t see the need to attend mass regularly (Goodson & Stein, 2019). A survey shows that seven out of ten self-identified Catholics do not show up for mass. 22% of Catholics strongly reject the idea of transubstantiation despite knowing the catholic church’s teaching.
A large percentage of people in America identify with the Catholic faith, almost like a cultural category or an ethnic background. This factor can be attributed to their upbringing in catholic faith households and the practices they were subjected to as they grew up (Stevens III, 2021). Most of these believers received at least two sacraments out of the seven eucharist sacraments in their lifetime because of their family traditions. However, it does not necessarily mean that they believe in the actual presence of Christ when receiving the sacraments. Research shows that most people above the age of sixty believe in the actual presence of Christ during mass (Smith, 2019). 63% of strong observers of catholic doctrines across all age groups believe in the symbolism concept propagated in the church and adhere to them.
References
Goodson, J. L., & Stein, Q. C. (2019). William James on the Doctrine of Transubstantiation. American Philosophers Read Scripture, 165.
Smith, G. A. (2019). Just one-third of US Catholics agree with their church that Eucharist is body, blood of Christ. Pew Charitable Trust, 5.
Stevens III, R. W. (2021). The Meaning of the’Real Presence’in the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper between Protestants and Roman Catholics (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University).